厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器的研究进展

介绍了新型高效厌氧反应器-厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器的基本构造、特点、颗粒污泥的培养、运行性能以及研究现状.厌氧移动式污泥床反应器工艺是在升流式厌氧污泥床和厌氧序批式反应器两种工艺的基础上开发的一种新型厌氧处理工艺,具有结构简单,运行灵活、处理效果好等优点.在处理工业废水和城市污水方面具有很大的发展前景和应用潜力,值得深入研究和推广应用.     

新型厌氧处理工艺--厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器

介绍了新型厌氧处理工艺——厌氧迁移式污泥床反应器(AMBR)的基本构造、工作原理、主要性能和颗粒污泥的培养。AMBR工艺是在升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)和厌氧序批式反应器(ASBR)两种工艺的基础上开发的，因而它具有运行方式灵活、结构简单、处理效果好、耐冲击负荷能力强和甲烷产率高等优点。     

低浓度污水厌氧生物处理国内外发展现状

回顾了污水厌氧生物处理工艺的发展历程,着重介绍了升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、两级系统、厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(EGSB)和厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)等厌氧生物处理工艺处理低浓度污水的国内外发展现状.     

厌氧氨氧化结构体、形态与功能

厌氧氨氧化工艺是一种新型废水生物脱氮工艺,已成为环境工程领域的研究热点并得到广泛应用。厌氧氨氧化颗粒污泥床反应器是一种高效生物反应器,以颗粒污泥形态存在的生物相是这种反应器高效工作的必要基础。在颗粒污泥床反应器中,生物相由大到小可依次分为污泥床体、颗粒污泥以及功能菌群。综述了厌氧氨氧化结构体的形态和功能及其与装置工况的密切关系,以期为反应器的实时优化和过程控制提供指导。     

UASB反应器处理高浓度蛋白质废水启动特性的研究

采用上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器,以高浓度蛋白质废水为处理对象,研究了中温条件下UASB反应器的启动、颗粒污泥特性和废水处理效果。结果表明：采用接种颗粒污泥与消化污泥的混合泥进行培养,并逐步提高进水浓度,运行88 d后,可实现UASB反应器的启动。当进水COD值达到7000 mg/L左右,容积负荷2.00 kg ...     

厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床反应器的国内研究与应用现状

厌氧膨胀颗粒污泥床(expanded granular sludge bed,EGSB)反应器作为第三代厌氧反应器的典型代表,相比于上流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)反应器具有更高的容积负荷和抗冲击性能,且其还有占地小以及可产生沼气能源等优点,因而被广泛应用于多种高浓度有机废水处理。本文介绍了EGSB反应器的结构原理与运行流程;统计分析了近些年国内EGSB反应器的相关文献及其由小试到工程化的发展历程;概述了EGSB反应器在甲烷化、厌氧氨氧化(ANAMMOX)、生物制氢、同步脱氮除硫方面的研究进展;综述了产甲烷EGSB反应器与生物膜法、序批式活性污泥法和传统活性污泥法等工艺联用的工程应用现状,指出这些工艺均表现出良好的单体去除效果和较理想的整体去除效果,且EGSB反应器在与新兴技术的耦合上也表现出较好的前景。     

鱼产业中排出废水的生物处理方法

在养鱼产业中,高张力废水的排出处理,在全世界都是一个很热门的话题。生物处理法是处理废水的最好方法。厌氧固定床和流化床反应器（AFB）、升流式厌氧污泥床反应器（UASB）可以除去80％～90％的有机物,同时产生生物气。需氧过程如活性淤泥,旋转的生物接触器,渗漉器,曝气生物滤池也可以除去有机物。对污水先进行厌氧消化,再进行...     

厌氧反应器的酸化及其恢复研究进展

随着升流式厌氧污泥床(UASB)、厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)、内循环反应器(IC)等厌氧反应器在高浓度有机废水处理中的应用,其启动及运行过程中出现的酸化现象日益受到关注,酸化问题一定程度地抑制了厌氧反应器的推广.针对厌氧酸化问题的产生及危害,着重讨论了厌氧酸化后物理、化学和生物恢复方法,以期为高效厌氧反应器的稳定化运行...     

高负荷厌氧氨氧化反应器的研究进展

剖析了常见的高负荷厌氧氨氧化反应器的构型特点,归纳了颗粒污泥反应器（上流式厌氧污泥床、膨胀颗粒污泥床和气提式反应器）、生物膜反应器和复合式反应器的优缺点。系统总结了高负荷厌氧氨氧化反应器的调控要点,包括操作条件（负荷、回流等）调控、环境条件（pH值、温度、溶解氧等）调控、营养物质（基质比、钙离子浓度、无机碳源等）调控、抑制剂调控和微生物（接种源、优势种、聚集体、生物量和活性等）调控。最后指出,实现高负荷厌氧氨氧化反应器全面应用的关键是突破复杂水质障碍和在低温条件下进行有效调控。     

污泥分级分相厌氧反应器水力特性研究

污泥厌氧生物反应器的结构决定了反应器的流态,从而影响着可能达到的污泥处理效率.为了提高石化水厂剩余污泥的厌氧消化效率,对一种新型的污泥分级分相厌氧反应器的结构进行了优化设计.采用停留时间分布RTD(residence time distribution)的方法研究了反应器的降流区、升流区面积之比、溢流板高度和水力停留时间等参数和反应器水力特性之间的关系.结果表明,分级分相反应器的死区较小(7.51%),远低于传统单级厌氧生物反应器(50%~93%);该反应器流态处于平推流和完全混合之间;降流区、升流区面积之比最佳值为1:2,溢流板高度为450 mm时死区最小;在平均污泥浓度为25 gVSS?L?1的条件下,最佳水力停留时间为24 h.     

加压厌氧反应系统的试验运行研究

介绍了在实验室采用自制的厌氧反应器,通过增加反应器内压力来模拟增加反应器高度后对厌氧处理有机物效果的影响,并着重分析了在中温（37±1℃）环境下,容积负荷稳定在10kgCOD/（m^3·d）时,不同压力条件下,出水有机物浓度和产气量的变化。研究结果表明：在压力0.8MPa以下时,随着压力的升高,COD去除率逐渐增加,出水VFA浓度略有下降。溶于水中的气体量逐渐增加,出水pH值降低,且随着压力的增加,下降的幅度越大,溶于水中而被出水带出的气体量越大。当压力在1.0MPa左右时,较压力为0.8MPa时,COD的去除率下降,出水VFA浓度略升高,溶于水中的气体量继续增加,出水pH值进一步下降。     

我国GY系列厌氧胶的发展

本文介绍了二十余种GY系列厌氧胶产品及技术发展情况。     

含硫酸盐有机废水处理问题的探讨

本文分析硫酸盐对厌氧生物处理的不利影响,讨论硫酸盐对厌氧处理的几个影响因素,最后对处理该类废水的几种方法进行了综述。     

Anaerobic-aerobic processes for the treatment of textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes: Effect of number of stages and bioreactor type

In this study, the effect of number of stages and bioreactor type on the removal performance of a sequential anaerobic-aerobic process employing activated sludge for the treatment of a simulated textile dyeing wastewater containing three commercial reactive azo dyes was considered. Two stage processes performed better than one stage ones, both in terms of overall organic and color removal, as well as the higher contribution of anaerobic stage to the overall removal performance, thereby making them a more energy efficient option. The employment of a moving bed sequencing batch biofilm reactor, which uses both suspended and attached biomass, for the implementation of the anaerobic stage of the process, was compared with a sequencing batch reactor that only employs suspended biomass. The results showed that, although there was no meaningful difference in biomass concentration between the two bioreactors, the latter reactor had better performance in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency and rate and color removal rate. Further exploratory tests revealed a difference between the roles of suspended and attached bacterial populations, with the former yielding better color removal whilst the latter had better COD removal performance. The sequential anaerobic-aerobic process, employing an aerobic membrane bioreactor in the aerobic stage resulted in COD and color removal of 77.1±7.9% and 79.9±1.5%, respectively. The incomplete COD and color removal was attributed to the presence of soluble microbial products in the effluent and the autoxidation of dye reduction metabolites, respectively. Also, aerobic partial mineralization of the dye reduction metabolites, was experimentally observed.     

Media configuration and recirculation of upflow anaerobic floating filter for piggery wastewater treatment

An upflow anaerobic floating filter media (UAFF) reactor was applied to the treatment of synthetic and real piggery wastewater. The effect of media configuration and internal recirculation on the system performance was studied. In the first experiment, three-UAFF reactors filled with different media, i.e., polypropylene beads, sponge cubes and coconut fiber were continuously fed with synthetic wastewater at upflow velocity of 0.04 m h⁻¹. The COD removal efficiency in the reactor filled with sponge cubes was highest at 90%, whereas the others filled with polypropylene beads and coconut fibers with lower specific surface area were about 80%. In the second experiment, three-UAFF reactors with sponge were applied to treat real piggery wastewater. COD removal efficiencies were found to be about 80% and methane production rate of 0.26 l l _r ⁻¹d⁻¹. The system performance could be slightly improved by 10% when applying internal recirculation. A sludge blanket (60–70% of total biomass) plays an important role in the system when applied to the treatment of piggery wastewater containing high suspended solid concentration.     

Anaerobic digestion of organic wastewater from chemical fiber manufacturing plant: Lab and pilot-scale experiments

Chemical fiber manufacturing wastewater (CFMW) usually contains high levels of organic materials. Anaerobic digestion of CFMW was evaluated by the lab and pilot scale experiments in the study. The CFMW used in the experiment characterized an inappropriate C/N ratio and acid pH for anaerobic digestion. The COD removal efficiency, pH and the methane yield were significantly decreased with 5.00 g COD/L day of OLR in the lab scale experiment. These results were thought to be due to the inappropriate C/N ratio and acid pH of CFMW. Thus, the addition of nutrients and neutralization for CFMW were conducted in the pilot scale experiment. Accordingly, the significant decreases in COD removal efficiency and pH were not observed although the OLR increased to 5.00 g COD/L day. The methane yield also increased above 25% compared to that of the lab scale experiment. In the case of 1,4-dioxane, the removal efficiency was not improved significantly at the higher HRT. It was considered that constant proportion of acetic acid was used in the degradation of 1,4-dioxane as a cosubstrate regardless of HRT.     

新型厌氧反应器+厌氧MBR处理乳品废水的实验研究

开发了新型复合式厌氧工艺,它由新型厌氧反应器和厌氧膜生物反应器(MBR)两个单元组成,实验用水经过新型厌氧反应器的前处理再经过厌氧MBR的深度处理,检测后排放。实验中以人工配制乳品废水作为进水,对整套系统的运行状况及特性进行了分析,结果表明,人工配置乳品废水在经过新型厌氧反应器+厌氧MBR的系统处理作用后出水水质得到大幅度改善,系统运行稳定,处理效果较好。实验通过对两种废水处理工艺进行效益对比,得出新型厌氧反应器+厌氧MBR无论在经济效益方面还是在社会环境效益方面,都具有一定的竞争优势。     

测试预涂厌氧胶微胶囊抗渗透性的研究

针对目前市场上双组分水基预涂厌氧胶使用中,由于B组分的渗透导致两组分混合后出现凝胶的现象,提出了快速测试B组分即微胶囊抗渗透性的方法。选择对芯材有良好溶解能力的溶剂作为浸泡液,利用气质联用仪测试渗透出的芯材含量,最终得到微胶囊的渗透曲线。同时通过贮存稳定性试验验证此方法的有效性,结果显示两种方法得到的结果一致。     

厌氧胶粘剂的技术进展

从单体与树脂、固化体系、稳定体系、特殊用途等方面概述了厌氧胶粘剂的技术进展并提出展望。     

国产厌氧胶的开发与回顾

本文综述及回顾了国产厌氧胶发展二十年来的历史与技术。