应用匹配场实现矢量水平阵的三维定位

将匹配场原理应用到矢量水平阵上实现对声源的三维定位,根据声压、质点振速表达式进行推导,获得对应的Bartlett相关表达式并进行分析和仿真验证.为了同时获得距离、深度、角度的估计,需要应用垂直阵速、轴向振速、法向阵速组合.本文内容如下:第一部分推导了水平阵的Bartlett相关表达式,不同方法的仿真结果在第二部分给出,第三部分对不同方法的仿真结果进行分析,等通道数目的垂直阵速、轴向振速、法向阵速组合和声压方法仿真比较在第四部分,第五部分根据上面的一系列分析得出结论.     

基于MUSIC算法的矢量阵波达方向估计

矢量水听器由声压传感器和质点振速传感器复合而成,可以空间共点、同步测量声压和质点振速的各正交分量。本文采用矢量水听器均匀线阵研究了利用MUSIC算法对声源进行方位估计,并详细描述了该算法的原理及应用过程,最后进行了几个仿真对比试验。仿真结果表明,在SNR=10dB条件下,相对于Capon波束形成器输出,MUSIC空间谱的主波束宽度锐化了2.6~0,旁瓣降低了12dB左右,利用该算法可提高对信号源的定向精度及对多目标的分辨能力。     

声压振速联合频率估计

声矢量传感器能够同步、共点地拾取声场的声压和质点振速。对声压和振速信息进行联合处理的思想在目标方位估计中已有成熟应用,在时频参数估计中进行联合处理尚不多见,提出了以声压振速互协方差矩阵为基础的ESPRIT频率估计算法,在不损失估计性能的前提下,计算量减小为现有算法的1/27。给出了所用模型的克拉美劳下限。仿真结果表明所提算法是有效的。     

基于矢量水听器的非均匀阵列APES波束形成算法

针对传统幅度与相位估计（Amplitude and phase estimation,APES）算法难以应用于非均匀阵列的问题,研究了基于矢量水听器的APES算法。利用矢量水听器能够同时共点测量声压和质点振速的特点,将矢量水听器的声压和解析振速通道作为两个子阵,两路子阵之间只存在一个相位差,且与阵元位置无关,使得APES算法能够应用于任意形状的阵列。推导和分析了矢量APES算法的阵增益及其稳健性。分析和 仿真表明：该方法相比于传统APES算法,具有更高的阵增益,且能适用于非均匀阵列;相比 于最小方差无失真响应（Minimum variance distortionless response,MVDR）算法,具有更好的稳健性,能解决相干问题及能够获得更准确的信号功率,并用实测数据验证了算法的 有效性。     

基于单声学矢量传感器的最大能量动态声源波达方向跟踪算法

针对在空域非均匀噪声环境下目标定位跟踪问题,提出一种基于单声学矢量传感器的最大能量动态声源波达方向(DOA)跟踪算法.首先结合噪声协方差矩阵估计结果实现对传感器接收信号的预白化处理,进而确定加权参数值,提出一种加权参数固化的最大能量算法,从而在声压与振速域噪声功率比未知的条件下提高了DOA估计精度.在此基础上,利用最大能量定向估计子输出信息来构建运动目标的量测方程,并在容积Kalman滤波框架下实现对于动态声源的状态跟踪.理论分析与仿真结果验证了算法的可行性和有效性.     

基于压差式矢量水听器的多目标分辨

矢量水听器是一种既能测量声场中的声压信息,又能测量声场中的振速信息的换能器.矢量特性使得单个矢量水听器就可以实现信号的方位估计,但是传统的矢量水听器处理方法只是利用了信息量增加这一优点,因而提出了一种利用单个压差式矢量水听器进行非相关目标方位估计方法,该方法有效利用声场中声压和质点间振速之间的互相关性,仿真和测试结果表明该方法能有效地进行双目标分辨.     

基于MEMS仿生矢量水听器的水声定向研究

MEMS矢量水听器不仅可以测量声压信号,还可以测量质点的振速信号,它具有与频率无关的偶极子自然指向性.单一的矢量水听器就能够测量水中的声压和质点振速.利用矢量水听器的这种特性,结合波束形成原理,采用数字信号处理(DSP)技术,设计了基于MEMS仿生矢量水听器的水声定向系统,并进行了实际测试,结果表明:该系统能很好地实现对目标360°方位的定向功能.     

一种小型矢量阵优化波束方法研究

在小型声纳平台中由于单个矢量水听器所含的振速传感器具有自然指向性,其组成的矢量阵较传统水听器阵有优越性,但单个矢量水听器的自然指向性波束较宽,组成的矢量阵的-3dB束宽和旁瓣级不够理想。该文利用单个矢量传感器的声压、振速信息联合处理形成较好指向性,并用于矢量阵获得良好的阵列效果,同时分析了该方法对线阵和圆阵的影响。仿真结果表明当线阵的阵元间距和圆阵半径都为0．5米时,矢量阵接收低频信号所形成的波束图中-3dB束宽在以25°内,第一旁瓣级低于-60dB,这证明了该文的方法是有效的。     

矢量阵一种简单的相位误差校正方法

分析了矢量水听器阵的阵列流型和误差模型,针对矢量水听器阵列声压和振速通道存在相位误差问题,应用常规波束形成方法和MUSIC方法进行方位估计误差大。并对通道存在估计性能下降的问题,提出了一种简单的相位误差校正方法。利用阵列流型向量在信号子空间的投影,得出存在相位误差的阵列流型向量就是信号子空间的特征值为＂一＂的特征向量,通过与精确的阵列流型向量比较求出矢量阵的相位误差。最后,修正矢量阵的相位误差,得到准确的方位估计能力。通过计算机仿真,验证了算法的可行性和准确性。     

基于抛物方程法的矢量场分析与仿真

研究海底声纳系统优化识别问题,海洋环境中的声传播是水声学研究领域中的一个经典问题.传统研究只关心声压场而不能实现振速和声压的联合处理,而且对低频声矢量场的研究也比较少.为了提高声纳系统性能,通过尤拉方程给出声矢量场的计算模型,采用抛物方程方法对声场声压进行计算,再利用差分法对声场振速等矢量场参数进行数值求解,并分析了具有弹性海底的浅海波导中的声矢量场.仿真结果表明,采用抛物方程法能够快速准确的计算海洋环境中的声矢量场,并实现振速和声压的联合处理,适用于声矢量场的快速预报,为提高声纳系统性能提供了依据.     

微流体装置中超声流的研究

应用流体动力学的基本理论,建立起声流场的一维解析模型,对声波在管道内部传播时产生的声场和声流运动进行探讨。然后提出并设计了一种利用PZT激励微管道振动产生超声场的新型微流体装置。该装置为由微管道相连接的两个微腔体,并利用有限元法对超声波激励的微管道和腔体进行瞬态的流场数值分析,得到一阶声压和流场的速度分布结果,最后对数值结果进行处理并讨论了超声波在管道内传播时产生的声流速度以及驱动力的分布情况。     

Analytical model of microfluidic transport of non-magnetic particles in ferrofluids under the influence of a permanent magnet

This study describes an analytical model and experimental verifications of transport of non-magnetic spherical microparticles in ferrofluids in a microfluidic system that consists of a microchannel and a permanent magnet. The permanent magnet produces a spatially non-uniform magnetic field that gives rise to a magnetic buoyancy force on particles within ferrofluid-filled microchannel. We obtained trajectories of particles in the microchannel by (1) calculating magnetic buoyancy force through the use of an analytical expression of magnetic field distributions and a nonlinear magnetization model of ferrofluids, (2) deriving governing equations of motion for particles through the use of analytical expressions of dominant magnetic buoyancy and hydrodynamic viscous drag forces, (3) solving equations of motion for particles in laminar flow conditions. We studied effects of particle size and flow rate in the microchannel on the trajectories of particles. The analysis indicated that particles were increasingly deflected in the direction that was perpendicular to the flow when size of particles increased, or when flow rate in the microchannel decreased. We also studied ??wall effect?? on the trajectories of particles in the microchannel when surfaces of particles were in contact with channel wall. Experimentally obtained trajectories of particles were used to confirm the validity of our analytical results. We believe this study forms the theoretical foundation for size-based particle (both synthetic and biological) separation in ferrofluids in a microfluidic device. The simplicity and versatility of our analytical model make it useful for quick optimizations of future separation devices as the model takes into account important design parameters including particle size, property of ferrofluids, magnetic field distribution, dimension of microchannel, and fluid flow rate.     

Analytical, numerical and experimental investigations of mixing fluids in microchannel

This work presents theoretical analysis, numerical simulation, fabrication and test of a micromixer chip for mixing fluids in microchannel. A three-dimensional analytical model is developed using a different mathematical approach to study passive laminar mixing phenomena and predict concentration distribution in a microchannel. The analytical model is validated by comparing with experimental and simulation results. The process of mixing fluids in a microchannel is simulated by solving the continuity, momentum and mass diffusion equations. The simulation results are validated and then parametric studies are performed to investigate the effects of channel aspect ratio, Reynolds number and diffusion coefficient on the mixing performance. The micromixer chip is fabricated with patterned SU-8 photoresist as the microchannel layer on a PMMA substrate using a combination of photolithography and micro-milling. Experiments are performed with different mixing fluids and the results were compared with that obtained from the theoretical model and simulation results.     

微流控芯片中电渗流的数值模拟与仿真研究

从电渗流形成的基本理论入手,推导了电场和流场双物理场耦合的控制方程.运用多物理场数值计算分析软件建立了长为1000μm,宽为100μm的二维流道,在微流道中间250~750μm的区域施加了直流电压,并在数值模拟中还原了微流道内壁和微流体的物理属性,计算得出了各段流体的速度场,进而得出了各段流体的流型.通过二维流道压力分布分析了微流道中各段产生不同流型的原因.对微流控芯片中的电动流动的功能原理分析及优化设计具有借鉴意义.     

On-chip manipulation of nonmagnetic particles in paramagnetic solutions using embedded permanent magnets

This study develops a method for embedding permanent magnets into poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS)-based microfluidic chips. Magnets can be brought very close to the planar microchannels for enhanced magnetic field and field gradients, which enables on-chip continuous-flow manipulation of nonmagnetic particles in typical paramagnetic solutions. We performed a systematic study of the transport of polystyrene particles suspended in manganese (II) chloride (MnCl₂) solutions through a rectangular microchannel. Owing to their smaller magnetization than the suspending fluid, particles experience negative magnetophoresis and are deflected away from the magnet. The effects of particle position (relative to the magnet), particle size, MnCl₂ salt concentration, and fluid flow velocity on the horizontal magnetophoretic deflection are examined using a combined experimental and theoretical approach. The experimental results agree quantitatively with the predictions of an analytical model. The demonstrated nonmagnetic particle deflection may be used with the potential to focus and sort cells in lab-on-a-chip for bio-applications.     

A comprehensive theoretical model of capillary transport in rectangular microchannels

A detailed theoretical model of capillary transport in rectangular microchannels is proposed. Two important aspects of capillary transport are revisited, which are considered with simplified assumption in the literature. The capillary flow is assumed as a low Reynolds number flow and hence creeping flow assumptions are considered for majority of analyses. The velocity profile used with this assumption results into a steady state fully developed velocity profile. The capillary flow is inherently a transient process. In this study, the capillary flow analysis is performed with transient velocity profile. The pressure field expression at the entrance of the microchannel is another aspect which is not often accurately represented in the literature. The approximated pressure field expression at the entrance of the rectangular microchannel is widely used in the literature. An appropriate entrance pressure field expression for a rectangular microchannel is proposed. For both analyses, the governing equation of the capillary transport in rectangular microchannel is derived by applying the momentum equation to the fluid control volume along the microchannel. The non-dimensional governing equations are obtained, each for a transient velocity profile and a newly proposed pressure field, for analyzing the importance of such velocity profile and pressure field expression.     

虚拟场景中环境声源仿真技术综述

环境声音作为日常生活中分布最为广泛的一类声音,是人们获取外部信息的重要来源.近十几年来,随着用户对虚拟场景真实度要求不断提升,为虚拟场景打造同步、真实的环境音效已成为构建高度沉浸式虚拟环境不可或缺的一部分.其中环境声源仿真作为打造真实感虚拟环境音效的基石,得到了研究人员的广泛关注与探索.与传统的人工声源仿真相比,通过算...     

Computations of gas microflows using pressure correction method with Langmuir slip model

A Langmuir slip model combined with continuum-based compressible Navier-Stokes equations is proposed and implemented for the purpose of analyzing complex microscale gas flows. For our model, an efficient compressible pressure correction algorithm based on an unstructured grid is developed and modified to be applicable to low Reynolds number slip flows in microgeometries. Gaseous slip flows in a uniform microchannel and compressible flow at backward-facing step are computed for the assessment of the adequacy of the method. Separated flow in a T-shaped micro-manifold is also simulated for the Reynolds number ranging from 10 to 60. In the uniform microchannel flow, the pressure increases nonlinearly in Langmuir slip model as the Knudsen number increases, while it drops nonlinearly in Maxwell slip model. The results from Langmuir slip model have been found to be more compatible with physics. From all the simulation cases, nonlinear behavior owing to both compressibility and rarefaction clearly appears in terms of streamwise velocity, pressure profiles and even reattachment length in the separation-associated flows. These results show that the suggested pressure correction method along with the Langmuir slip model may effectively simulate complex microscale gas flows, thereby offering a sound theoretical and numerical basis and an inexpensive computation procedure.     

V型微通道热沉的 流体流动与传热问题研究

V型微通道热沉具有体积小、流速小、散热效率高等优点,是将多个DL线阵组装为面阵并实现高性能冷却封装的良好解决方案.本文采用计算流体力学软件Fluent建立了V型微通道的数值模型,研究了其中的流体流动与传热问题.仿真结果表明,设计的V型微通道可满足激光二极管线阵的散热要求.仿真分析结果与V型微通道热沉样品的模拟热源加载实验测试数据对比,吻合较好,证明了数值仿真的有效性.     

基于ACTRAN的超声聚能器声场辐射仿真研究

设计了一种超声聚能器,旨在解决超声预警避障系统在远程测距中因超声波能量分散和衰减过快导致的回波信号难以识别问题.首先根据声学理论分析了超声聚能器可以通过改善阻抗匹配提高其辐射效率;再利用贝塞尔函数分析了超声聚能器影响声源指向性的重要设计参数,通过改变声源频率,聚能器开口面积等设计参数可以使指向性尖锐,能量更集中;ACTRAN有限元仿真软件模拟声场辐射云图及相应的实验均证明了理论分析的正确性以及优化聚能器设计参数对提高超声探测距离的有效性与可控性.