具有不同界面特性的聚合物胶体的稳定机理

对聚苯乙烯磺酸盐（PS）和甲基、乙基、羟乙基苯丙烯酸异分子聚合物（PSHEMA）两种单分散聚合物胶体的界面特性对其胶体稳定性的影响进行了研究。对于DLVO理论，考虑L.A.Spielman水动力学理论对稳定系数W进行了修正，并采用了水合离子的真实尺雨。对于增水性PS乳状液，Hamaker的理论与实验值相差不大。对于亲水性PSHEMA乳状液，Hamaker值则相差较大。无论是空间斥力还是静电影响对PSHEMA胶体的稳定性都起着很重要的作用。     

两种羧酸钙金属清净剂性能研究

文章介绍了两种碱值达到300 mgKOH/g以上的纳米级羧酸钙盐清净剂产品的各项基本性能。通过冷冻蚀刻电镜法观察了含碳酸盐的胶体粒子结构及粒度分布情况,采用红外光谱法表征了该产品的基本结构,应用四球机考察了产品的抗磨、减摩性能,结果表明:该产品不但具有良好的高温清净性、较好的热稳定性、抗磨性和减摩性,而且具有良好的胶体稳定性,是一种性能优良的润滑油添加剂。     

表面活性剂对渣油胶体性质影响的初步研究

 摘要：以轮古常压渣油（LGAR）为原料，分别加入不同质量分数的表面活性剂十二烷基磺酸钠（SDS）、十六烷基－三甲基溴化铵（CTAB）和油酸（Oleic acid），考察了它们对LGAR的 80℃运动粘度、体系胶体稳定性、四组分含量及数均相对分子质量的影响。实验结果表明，随着加入的SDS质量分数的增加， LGAR的 80℃运动粘度先减小后增大，在0.7%时达到最小值，体系胶体稳定性增强，沥青质的含量和数均相对分子质量的变化与80℃运动粘度变化规律一致；随着加入的油酸质量分数的增加， LGAR 80℃运动粘度持续下降，体系胶体稳定性增强，芳香分含量增加，沥青质含量和数均相对分子质量持续下降；随着加入的CTAB质量分数的增加， LGAR的 80℃运动粘度增加，体系胶体稳定性减弱，组分分布有所变化，但无明显变化规律。因此，SDS和油酸对渣油有较好的降粘作用，是较好的沥青质稳定剂；而CTAB不能降低LGAR粘度，对渣油胶体体系无明显的稳定作用。     

形变悬浮胶体聚合物的实验研究

形变悬浮胶体聚合物是一种高弹性胶体颗粒,具有溶涨速度快、吸水性强、分散均匀、溶液无色透明的特点.在较低的浓度条件下形成的胶体溶液无游离水,颗粒体积分数大,具有形变压差小、形变能力强的优点.研究表明:形变悬浮胶体聚合物溶液稳定性好、抗剪切性能强.通过在多孔介质中的堆积、形变和运移,能够有效降低高渗透层渗透率,不会对低渗透层造成堵塞,可同时解决层内和层间的矛盾.在聚驱中及聚驱后应用可进一步提高原油采收率.     

高渗透地层选择性堵水剂JTD的研制与应用

研制了一种组成复杂、作用原理多样的有机无机复合堵剂JDT,其主要组成份如下：20％－40％油溶性聚合物;10％－20％油溶性芳烃树脂;0％－20％油溶性纤维（长度≤10mm);0％－20％橡胶粉;10％－30％粉状无机填料;0％－20％酸溶性纤维（长度≤10mm）;1％－5％水溶性聚合物;1％－3％聚合物交联剂;1％－2％表面活性剂。使用时配制成5％－20％的水悬浮液,注入地层后在层温度下可固化。讨论了每一种组成分的作用及JTD堵水原理。在室内测试了JTD的各项基本性能：油溶性64％（煤油,70－80℃）;酸溶性26％（10％盐酸,70－80℃）;成胶时间从45－50小时（50℃）到1－3小时（120℃）,常温下可稳定存在约7天。岩心实验表明,岩心渗透率越高,则JTD的封堵效率越高;堵剂悬浮液浓度及挤入量越大,封堵效率也越高;JTD的堵油、堵水选择性好,堵水率在98％以上,堵油率小于15％;在岩心中固化后的JTD极耐水冲刷,水驱500PV后的堵水率仅由99.82%下降到98.52％。1997．7－1999．12在中原、克拉玛依、塔里木等油田用JTD实施油井堵水58井次,工艺成功率100％,有效率＞90％。以克拉玛依油田一口油井为例,说明了堵水情况及效果。     

耐盐抗温水溶性聚合物AM-NaAMPS-DEAM的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酰胺（AM），2－丙烯酰胺－2－甲基丙碳酸钠（NaAMPS），N，N－二乙基丙烯酰胺（DEAM）为单体，通过在水溶液中自由基引发共聚合，合成出了AM－NaAMPS－DEAM三元共聚物。并对该三元共聚物的聚合物工艺条件，及对产物性能的影响进行了研究。初步考察了该共聚物的耐盐抗温性能。结果表明：采用本工艺可以制备出分子量大于1200万，增粘效果明显，耐盐抗温性能显著优于HPAM的三元共聚物。     

混合基质型纳米清净剂产品的基本性能及应用研究

文章介绍了一种碱值达到350 mgKOH/g以上的纳米级高碱度混合基质型金属清净剂的基本性能及其在油品中的应用情况。研究中采用红外光谱法、热失重法等表征了该产品的基本组成结构及产品中碱性组分碳酸盐的晶型结构;通过冷冻蚀刻电镜法观察了含碳酸盐的胶体粒子结构及粒度分布情况。结果表明,该清净剂产品具有优良的高温清净性、热稳定性及胶体稳定性,在CF 15W-40柴油机油中有良好的使用性能,是一种性能优良的润滑油添加剂。     

深井抗高温钻井液体系的研究与应用

深井钻井液的热稳定性一直是国内外研究的关键问题。室内试验在优选抗高温处理剂的基础上，通过引入新型的硅氟共聚物降粘剂GF-260，开发出了一种新型抗高温硅氟聚合物钻井液，即4％钠膨润土＋3％MMH＋5％MF-1（复合降滤失剂）＋2％Na2SO4（抗高温稳定剂）＋2％RH-1＋2％GF-260＋1％ZH-Ⅲ（缓蚀剂）＋其它辅剂。室内对该钻井液的抗温性、页岩膨胀性和悬浮稳定性进行了评价。结果表明，抗高温硅氟聚合物钻井液具有优良的抗高温悬浮稳定性、抑制防塌能力和很高的热稳定性（抗温可达220℃）。在和参1井和莱深1井应用中，抗高温硅氟聚合物钻井液性能稳定，钻井施工顺利，电测和下套管一次成功，未发生井壁垮塌现象，钻井周期比该地区同类井缩短了1／3，综合钻探效果显著。     

钙镁钠复合金属型清净剂的基本性能与应用研究

介绍了一种碱值380mgKOH／g以上含钙、镁、钠的复合金属型清净剂的基本性能及其在油品中的应用情况。采用红外光谱法、热失重法表征了该产品的基本结构及产品中碱性组分碳酸盐的晶型结构;通过冷冻蚀刻电镜法观察了含碳酸盐的胶体粒子结构及粒度分布情况;模拟试验结果表明：该清净剂产品具有优良的高温清净性、热稳定性、极压抗磨性及胶体稳定性,在加氢基础油、CF柴油机油以及工业齿轮油中有良好的适应性,是一种性能优良的润滑油添加剂。     

烷基水杨酸盐的胶体结构与其稳定性关系研究

介绍了国内外几种不同碱值烷基水杨酸钙盐金属清净剂的性能,考察了不同碱值烷基水杨酸盐产品的胶体粒子结构及粒子分布状态、胶体粒子的稳定性以及与高碱值磺酸钙的复合效果,结果表明,添加剂中胶体粒子的结构是影响其胶体稳定性的重要因素,胶体粒子的粒径越小,粒子分散越均匀,其胶体稳定性越好,兰炼已全面生产的改性中碱值产品及高碱值产品,与磺酸盐相容性良好,混兑后无沉淀生成。     

A Study on Phase States of the Catalytic System of FeCl3-Al（i-Bu）3-pyridine

The catalyst FeCl3-Al(i-Bu)3-pyridine has a high catalytic activity for butadiene polymerization (Shen, et al., 1987; Xia, et al., 1991). However, the preparation mode of catalysts, including the ratio and the order of adding the components, and the aging time, has a considerable influence on the catalytic activity and on the relative molecular weight of polybutadiene. In the paper, the results of the electron microscope, super-filtration and Tyndall effect experiments show that the catalyst…     

Development and evaluation of an electropositive wellbore stabilizer with flexible adaptability for drilling strongly hydratable shales

In order to overcome serious instability problems in hydratable shale formations, a novel electropositive wellbore stabilizer(EPWS) was prepared by a new approach. It has good colloidal stability, particle size distribution, compatibility, sealing property, and flexible adaptability. A variety of methods including measurements of particle size, Zeta potential, colloidal stability, contact angle, shale stability index, shale dispersion, shale swelling and plugging experiments were adopted to characterize the EPWS and evaluate its anti-sloughing capacity and flexible adaptability. Results show that the EPWS has advantages over the conventional wellbore stabilizer(ZX-3) in particle size distribution, colloidal stability, inhibition, compatibility, and flexible adaptability. The EPWS with an average particle size of 507 nm and an average Zeta potential of54 m V could be stable for 147 days and be compatible with salt tolerant or positive charged additives, and it also exhibited preferable anti-sloughing performance to hydratable shales at 77, 100, and 120 °C, and better compatibility with sodium bentonite than ZX-3 and KCl. The EPWS can plug micro-fractures and pores by forming a tight external mud cake and an internal sealing belt to retard pressure transmission and prevent filtrate invasion, enhancing hydrophobicity of shale surfaces by adsorption to inhibit hydration. The EPWS with flexible adaptability to temperature for inhibition and sealing capacity is available for long open-hole sections during drilling.     

Effect of Chemical Nature on the Susceptibility of Asphalt to Aging

Abstract

The knowledge of the factors affecting the susceptibility of asphalt to aging can be of help when selecting the asphalt binders for the construction of durable pavements. Investigated were the aging-induced changes in the chemical composition and colloidal nature of asphalts differing in origin and technology. It was shown that the course of the changes in the generic composition of asphalt upon aging under laboratory conditions depends on the chemical type of the feedstock from which the asphalt has been derived. During aging of the asphalts from the paraffin–naphthenic crudes, the resins undergo partial decomposition, which results in the increase of the cyclic fraction content. Although the increase of the asphaltene content in air-blown asphalts after the Thin Film Oven Test was found to be lower than that in the corresponding straight-run asphalts, the much higher value of the instability index and smaller size distribution of asphaltenes in the air-blown asphalts permit us to expect that their utilization as binders in pavement construction will lead to the reduction of pavement durability. It follows from the results of this study that not only the generic composition but also the structure of the fractions affect the resistance of asphalt to aging.     

Effect of Chemical Nature on the Susceptibility of Asphalt to Aging

The knowledge of the factors affecting the susceptibility of asphalt to aging can be of help when selecting the asphalt binders for the construction of durable pavements. Investigated were the aging-induced changes in the chemical composition and colloidal nature of asphalts differing in origin and technology. It was shown that the course of the changes in the generic composition of asphalt upon aging under laboratory conditions depends on the chemical type of the feedstock from which the asphalt has been derived. During aging of the asphalts from the paraffin-naphthenic crudes, the resins undergo partial decomposition, which results in the increase of the cyclic fraction content. Although the increase of the asphaltene content in air-blown asphalts after the Thin Film Oven Test was found to be lower than that in the corresponding straight-run asphalts, the much higher value of the instability index and smaller size distribution of asphaltenes in the air-blown asphalts permit us to expect that their utilization as binders in pavement construction will lead to the reduction of pavement durability. It follows from the results of this study that not only the generic composition but also the structure of the fractions affect the resistance of asphalt to aging.     

Fabrication of Macro-porous β-zeolite by Using Colloidal Polystyrene Spheres as a Template

A β-zeolite/polystyrene composite material was synthesized by co-deposition of mono-disperse polystyrene spheres and nano β-zeolite particles in aqueous suspension on a vertical substrate. Macro-porous β-zeolite was obtained after the polystyrene template was removed by calcination. The micro/macro-pore structure of the prepared β-zeolite was highly ordered. In comparison with other assembly methods, the co-deposition method could obtain a highly ordered macro-porous material with relatively large zeolite filling particles, and therefore the co-deposition of particles with different size is a promising method for the fabrication of macro-porous materials.     

工业水的降硅处理

通过小试和工业试验，找出影响水质主要原因并对装置进行改造，筛选最佳水处理剂；经过调整试验，降低了处理水的杂质含量，使其水质指标达到胶体硅≤０．５ｍｇ／Ｌ、浊度≤２ｍｇ／Ｌ、ＣＯＤ≤２ｍｇ／Ｌ的要求，取得了满意效果。     

Assembly of asphaltene molecular aggregates as studied by near-UV/visible spectroscopy: II. Concentration dependencies of absorptivities

The properties of molecular aggregation in toluene solutions of a crude oil and solid asphaltenes are determined almost solely by the concentration of asphaltenes, as shown by absorptivity measurements at 315–750 nm. From non-monotonic concentration dependencies of absorptivities, it is concluded that asphaltene monomers are abundant in solutions with asphaltene concentrations below 1–5 mg/l, while molecular aggregates are effectively formed above 20–25 mg/l. The most stable oligomers are a dimer and a dimer pair (Yen's “nanocrystallite” [NC]). Nanocrystallites act as building blocks for more complex aggregates at asphaltene concentrations exceeding 90–100 mg/l. These optical absorption results are supported by studies of Rayleigh scattering in asphaltene solutions.     

P215a胶液泵管线振动分析及防振加固

热塑丁苯弹性体橡胶(SBS)车间P215a胶液泵管线运行过程中发生振动,尤其是出料结束时管线振动相当严重,最大振幅达979μm。通过管线振动分析计算,找出振动原因并提出管线防振改造方案,使最大振幅降低到50μm以下。     

STABILITY AND RHEOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF THERMALLY TREATED CARBON BLACK FEEDSTOCKS

An experimental investigation on the behaviour of thermally treated carbon black feedstocks is reported. The various changes in Physico-Chemical and Rheological properties of these feedstocks are compared and a relationship between treatment temperature and system colloidal stability is defined. The binary mixtures of different proportion of thermally treated feedstocks are subjected to rheological investigation to study their compatibility behaviour. A correlation between viscous flow activation energy and stability factor of the system is established.     

双亲分子头部官能团对石油沥青质胶团分散性的影响

 为理解双亲分子对甲苯溶液中石油沥青质胶团形状、溶剂化程度以及颗粒间相互作用的影响,测定了其甲苯溶液的黏度,采用Pals-Rhodes方程、Eiler方程、Kuhn-Kuhn方程和Leighton-Acrivos方程等经验方程关联了黏度与体积分数之间的关系。由Pals-Rhodes方程得到的形状参数α和溶剂化参数K表明沥青质胶团为球形,添加双亲分子后其溶剂化程度增加,但其形状仍为球形。由Eiler方程分析表明,添加双亲分子后,其最大堆积体积分数φm增加,说明沥青质胶团的分散度增加。Kuhn-Kuhn所计算出的形状因子严重偏离球形,因未考虑溶剂化效应和颗粒间的相互作用,故其结果与Pals-Rhodes方程得到的结果差别较大。由Leighton-Acrivos方程得到的相互作用系数表明,添加双亲分子后,沥青质胶团之间的相互作用程度增加。