Thermal Decomposition of RDX Composite Propellants

The thermal decomposition characteristics of RDX, binders, and RDX composite propellants were studied using thermal analytical techniques. Three kinds of binders were tested to elucidate the role of binder on the burning rate of the propellants. There were no apparent correlations between the thermal decomposition rates of binders and the burning rates of propellants, whereas there was a correlation between the decomposition temperature and the burning rate of the propellants. It is found that the major factor which controls the burning rate is the initial thermal-decomposition stage of the binders. Thus, the burning rate of nitramine composite propellants appeared to be largely dependent on the physical and chemical properties of binder.     

RDX热分解研究

为了更加全面的探究黑索今(RDX)热安全性,利用绝热加热法及DSC-TG-DTG法两种实验方法分析了RDX的热分解过程。通过对比两种实验方法可以总结出RDX在密闭条件下热分解初始速度比在开放系统中低5.4℃,实验条件对分解过程及相关参数影响较大。     

RDX热分解的TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR同步动力学

采用TG-DSC-QMS-FTIR同步动力学技术对RDX的热分解过程进行了研究,结果表明,RDX在熔融之后发生分解,可以确定RDX的产物有C、H2O、CH2O、N2O、CO、CO2、NO2,可能有CH4和NH3,而几乎没有NO.采用多元非线性拟合技术进行动力学参数计算,结果表明,RDX的分解过程大致可以分为3个连续步骤,第1步反应的活化能为235 kJ/mol,指前因子log(A/s-1)为22,反应级数为0.6,主要气体产物为CO2、NO2和CH2O;第2步反应的活化能为110 kJ/mol,指前因子log(A/s-1)为1.5,反应级数为1.7,主要的气体产物是N2O、H2O、CH4、NH3、C2O+/C3H+4、CN+/C2H+3、CHO+/C2H+;第3步反应的活化能为223 kJ/mol,指前因子log(A/s-1)为20.9,反应级数为4,主要的产物是C和CO.     

含黑索今酮的火药热分解及燃烧性能研究

用ＤＳＣ技术考察了７种含黑索今酮（Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ）火药的热分解特性,并对其中３种进行了密闭爆发器测试。将ＤＳＣ数据对动力学方程进行拟合以求得动力学参数。从密闭爆发器测试结果转换得到了该３种火药的燃速－压力曲线,并对其进行了转折性分析。结果表明,向火药中加入Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ可提高火药燃速并降低其热分解表观活化能。含Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ的火药其燃速压力指数在低压区较在高压区为高。在火药中同时存在有Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ和ＲＤＸ对火药热分解和燃烧的稳定性是不利的。仅由Ｋｅｔｏ－ＲＤＸ与双基粘结剂组成的火药,其燃速压力指数较由ＲＤＸ与双基粘结剂组成的火药为低。     

High Rate Decomposition of Cyclotrimethylenetrinitramine (RDX)

RDX products obtained at high heating rates are discussed. RDX was decomposed by combustion in pressurized bomb and by short laser pulse irradiation.     

RDX和HMX的热分解III.分解机理

简述RDX和HM X热分解的各种机理,其热分解的初始过程是N-N和C-N键断裂的竞争反应,试验条件和样品相态等因素影响竞争过程。用DSC-FT IR联用技术和热裂解原位池/FT IR分析了主要分解气相产物和凝聚相中主要官能团的变化。结果表明,RDX和HM X热分解的主要分解气相产物为N2O,CH2O,CO,CO2,H2O和HCN。RDX的分解气相产物CH2O和H2O红外吸收率的温度关系曲线都产生双峰,RDX基团-NNO2的吸收带1 589 cm-1和1 278 cm-1有两个不同速率的变化过程。用N-N键和C-N键竞争断裂的观点解释了RDX与HM X热分析和产物分析的结果。     

惰性溶剂中黑索今的热分解机理

根据溶剂对 RDX热分解行为的不同影响可将溶剂分为活性和惰性两类。活性溶剂加速 RDX热分解 ,惰性溶剂对 RDX热分解速率无影响或因其粘度较大而降低了热分解速率。本文用布氏压力法研究了 RDX在惰性溶剂中热分解机理 ,补充了许多二级反应 ,借助这些二级反应用初始步断裂 N- NO2 键机理较好地解释了溶剂粘度对 RDX热分解速率的影响和 RDX在苯中浓度对放气量及反应中间产物亚硝基黑索今得率的影响。所提出的机理丰富、完善、发展了二元硝胺炸药热分解理论     

A DSC Study on the Effect of RDX and HMX on the Thermal Decomposition of Phase Stabilized Ammonium Nitrate

Phase stabilized ammonium nitrate(PSAN) was prepared by incorporating copper(II) diammine nitrate in the ammonium nitrate(AN) crystal lattice. The effect of two energetic materials viz., RDX and HMX on the thermal decomposition of PSAN was investigated using DSC. The decomposition temperatures of PSAN and RDX are almost in the same temperature range. The decomposition of PSAN is endothermic and that of RDX is exothermic, while that of a 1:1 mixture of the two is exothermic with a net heat release in excess of that of the individual reactions, which is attributed to the combustion reaction among the decomposition products of PSAN and RDX. Though HMX decomposes at a higher temperature, in presence of molten PSAN a substantial portion of it decomposes at a lower temperature along with PSAN with a net excess heat release, again due to the combustion reaction. The kinetic parameters of the two exothermic decompositions were computed using two equations based on variable heating rate method viz., Kissinger and Ozawa equations. The activation energy obtained from Ozawa method was refined by an iteration procedure. There is a close agreement among the values obtained by the three methods. The kinetic parameters for PSAN-HMX mixture are lower, probably due to the effect of its higher heat release.     

掺杂硝酸镍的RDX炸药混合物的热分解性能的研究

采用差示扫描量热分析（DSC）和热重（TG）分析法,研究了含不同质量比硝酸镍/RDX混合物的热分解性能。通过Ozawa法和NL-INT法对4种不同混合物的表观活化能进行了计算。实验结果表明,随着硝酸镍含量的增加,混合物的热分解分成两个阶段,且吸热和放热量逐渐减小。4种混合物的表观活化能结果表明,随着硝酸镍含量的增加,分解活化能值逐渐减小,热稳定性逐渐变差。     

CL–20/RDX混合体系的热分解

用差示扫描量热法(DSC)研究了六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HINW,CL–20)、黑索今(RDX)及CL–20/RDX混合体系的热分解行为,分别用Kissinger法和Ozawa法计算了热分解动力学参数。结果表明:RDX的存在,降低了CL–20的分解峰温;2种动力学计算结果相近,均显示出RDX的存在降低了CL–20表观活化能。     

纳米RDX的制备及其机械感度和热分解特性

采用溶胶-凝胶法,通过引入1,2-环氧丙烷作为Fe（Ⅲ）离子的水解促进剂,在温和条件下制备了RDX／Fe2O3湿凝胶,经超临界干燥后得到纳米RDX／Fe2O3复合含能材料的气凝胶,再用稀盐酸将气凝胶中的无定形Fe2O3溶蚀后最终得到RDX纳米粒子。利用TEM、SEM、EDS、XRD和DSC对纳米RDX的微观形貌、表面元素组成、晶体结构和热分解特性进行了研究,并测试了RDX的机械感度。结果表明,制备的纳米RDX粒径约为60～90nm;纳米RDX的撞击感度略低于微米RDX,但其摩擦爆炸百分数却增加了54％;热分析结果表明,纳米RDX的分解放热峰较微米RDX提前了10．74℃,活化能降低了18020J／mol。     

铝粉粒度对RDX热分解动力学的影响

采用DSC研究了10.7μm、2.6μm和40 nm铝粉对RDX热分解的影响.结果表明,微米铝粉对RDX的热分解基本没有影响;40 nm铝对RDX的一次分解和二次分解均有明显的促进作用;随着40 nm铝含量的增加,RDX的二次分解峰凸显出来并提前,峰形变得尖锐;当40 nm铝质量分数为30％时,二次分解峰掩盖一次分解峰...     

Micro Videographic Analysis of the Melt Layer of Self‐Deflagrating HMX and RDX

Micro videographic analysis of the thin molten layer on the surface of HMX (Octahydro‐1,3,5,7‐tetranitro‐1,3,5,7‐tetrazocine) and RDX (Hexahydro‐1,3,5‐trinitro‐1,3,5‐triazine) during self deflagration were performed. This was done to gain a better understanding of the physical structure present in this 100–300 μm layer and give a visual picture for the development of computational models. During steady‐state combustion, RDX had a consistent melt layer with vigorous bubble formation. There was a continuous liquid layer throughout combustion and no foam was formed. The surface of HMX during steady‐state combustion at ambient initial temperatures was an uneven layer of foam. Foam appeared to convect across the surface in undulating waves. At elevated initial temperatures, the HMX molten layer was a consistent foam layer in both time and space. Micro videography was also done with a diagnostic laser sheet as illumination to measure the melt layer thickness. The RDX bubbling layer was about 217±30 μm thick. The HMX foam thickness varied from almost nothing to 660 μm, with an average value of about 234±106 μm.     

RDX和HMX的热分解I.热分析特征量

用PDSC和TG-DTG研究了RDX和HMX的热分解,探讨了各种试验条件,包括试样量、升温速率和动静态高压等的影响。在分解过程中相态变化引起反应的加速是HMX的分解较RDX剧烈的主要原因,HMX的自加热和自催化也因此变得较RDX更显著。     

热老化后相分离的相场法模拟

相场模拟目前已成为一种强有力的材料计算模拟工具,它可以模拟组织随时间的变化.本文用相场法模拟了Fe-Cr二元体系中相分离的组织演变过程.模拟结果表明,组织演变过程可以分为两个阶段.在开始阶段,形成富Cr和富Fe的相互连接结构,这种结构随模拟时间增长而粗化.第二阶段,富Cr和富Fe区完全分离,富Cr区长大.模拟结果与不锈钢热老化后的透射电镜有非常好的一致性.     

RDX和HMX的热分解II.动力学参数和动力学补偿效应

用DSC、DTA和TG-DTG技术测定了RDX和HMX热分解的动力学参数。RDX和HMX在不同的分解阶段有不同的动力学参数和机理函数,其分解过程和动力学参数受试验条件、样品状态和试验方法的影响很大,但这些参数之间存在"动力学补偿效应"和"等动力学点"。     

纳米LaCoO3对RDX基混合炸药的热分解特性和感度的影响

用DSC和DTA研究了LaCoO3对含AP的RDX基混合炸药热分解特性的影响。结果表明,纳米LaCoO3对含有AP的RDX基爆炸混合物的热分解具有一定的催化作用;纳米LaCoO3使RDX基混合炸药的撞击感度和热感度降低,摩擦感度增大。     

热红联用研究AP与RDX和HMX混合体系的热分解

用DSC-TG-FTIR(热红)联用研究了RDX/AP,HMX/AP,RDX/HMX和RDX/HMX/AP混合体系的热分解,测定和比较了它们的热分析特征量和分解气相产物.结果表明,AP与RDX和HMX之间存在强烈的相互作用,尤其是与后者的作用更强烈.在AP(不含碳)分解的温度区间,混合体系的分解也出现CO、CO2和CH2O等碳氧化物,说明体系中RDX和HMX分解的部分产物或残渣与AP同时分解.     

热红联用研究AP与RDX和HMX混合体系的热分解

用DSC—TG—FTIR（热红）联用研究了RDX／AP，HMx／AP，RDx／HMx和RDX／HMX／AP混合体系的热分解，测定和比较了它们的热分析特征量和分解气相产物。结果表明，AP与RDX和HMX之间存在强烈的相互作用，尤其是与后者的作用更强烈。在AP（不含碳）分解的温度区间，混合体系的分解也出现CO、CO2和CH2O等碳氧化物，说明体系中RDX和HMX分解的部分产物或残渣与AP同时分解。     

一种判定RDX热分解机理函数与热安全性的方法

将DSC、TG数据与Malek法相结合研究了RDX的热分解,得到外延起始温度Le0、拐点温度T、峰顶温度Tp、分解终止温度Tf、分解焓变ΔH、表观活化能E、指前因子A、反应级数n、热爆炸临界温度Tb和自加速分解温度TSADT;利用TG热分析得到RDX热分解的起始分解温度T0、质量损失Δm%、最大质量损失速率及对应的温度...