石墨烯-二硫化钼复合负极材料的制备及性能研究

借助机械球磨法, 成功地利用层状硫化物MoS₂对膨胀石墨实现了有效剥离, 得到石墨烯与MoS₂的复合材料。球磨处理后, 元素C均匀地分散在复合材料中。MoS₂ 与膨胀石墨的质量比越高, 得到的复合材料中具有石墨烯特征的石墨就越多, 但相应的石墨烯的缺陷也越多。优化后的复合材料用作锂离子电池负极材料时显示出良好的电池性能, 在小倍率0.1 Ah/g电流密度下充放电循环70次后, 电池容量仍保持在~ 570 mAh/g; 在大倍率1 A/g电流密度下充放电循环55次后, 电池容量仍能保持在~ 450 mAh/g。     

石蜡/SiO2复合相变材料的制备及性能测试

采用一种简便的方法制备了以SiO2作为载体的石蜡复合相变材料.采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)测得其相变潜热为90.36J/g.红外光谱仪(IR)测试分析表明石蜡与SiO2是简单的嵌合关系,未生成其它物质.扫描电镜(SEM)观察显示复合相变材料具有多孔结构,石蜡被束缚在孔洞中.制作了复合相变材料试板并将其与用碳酸钙所制作的试板进行升降温对比实验,结果显示前者的升降温速率均低于后者.     

低温SiO_(2)气凝胶基复合相变材料的制备与性能分析EI北大核心CSCD

以SiO_(2)气凝胶为支撑材料,通过物理吸附法制备定形SiO_(2)气凝胶基复合相变材料(PCCs),再利用密封盒进行二次封装。探究SiO_(2)气凝胶与相变材料的最佳配比,并对复合相变材料的微观结构、化学成分、孔结构、相变特性、热可靠性、定形能力和隔热性能进行表征。结果表明:含有质量分数为80%相变材料的SiO_(2)气凝胶复合相变材料(LS-80)具有最佳吸附比,并且在相变过程中显示了良好的定形能力,其熔点和熔融潜热分别为-15.6℃和170.2 J/g;同时SiO_(2)气凝胶的成功吸附使得LS-80的比表面积、孔径和孔容大小下降至59 m^(2)/g,13 nm和0.2 cm^(3)/g;20次冷热循环后,封装后相变材料的相变潜热减少了13.4%,而SL-80只减少了2.8%,表现出良好的热可靠性能;SiO_(2)气凝胶的添加使得复合相变材料导热系数降低,隔热能力增强。该结果为SiO_(2)气凝胶复合相变材料在冷链物流领域的应用提供了实验依据。     

不同支撑材料/PEG-1500复合相变材料的制备及热性能研究

以氮化硼(BN)、碳化硼(B₄C)、海泡石(SEP)、凹凸棒(ATP)、活性炭(AC)、多壁碳纳米管(MWCNT)和膨胀石墨(EG)作为支撑材料，聚乙二醇(PEG)作为相变主材，采用熔融共混法制备了PCM1—PCM7这7种成型复合相变材料。并对材料稳定性、升温速率和瞬态热导率进行测试。结果表明：PEG中添加7种支撑材料的最佳质量分数在7%～78%之间；材料泄漏率会随加热时间和温度增加而增大，线性拟合表明材料的泄漏率与加热时间存在一定线性关系(R²大于0.93);7种材料光-热转换时泄漏率在0.12%～1.13%;复合相变材料热导率比纯PEG提高了11.5%～620.0%之间。     

硬脂酸复合相变材料的研究进展

根据以往的研究,硬脂酸因其优良的相变蓄热性能,而受到越来越多的关注.然而,硬脂酸导热性能较差,易发生液相泄露且相变温度单一,限制了其在较多领域的应用.通过分析现有文献,综述了导致硬脂酸热导率低和液相泄漏等问题的原因及解决方法,并指出各方法中的不足之处,总结了硬脂酸复合相变材料的优点,并对硬脂酸复合相变材料的未来发展做出...     

原位生长石墨烯增强铜基材料的制备及其热性能研究

以廉价的蔗糖为碳源,在片状铜粉表面原位生长了石墨烯,并采用热压烧结制备不同石墨烯含量的铜基材料。通过XRD、SEM和激光导热分析了蔗糖含量对铜基材料的相、微观形貌以及热导率的影响。结果表明,在H₂/Ar气氛下,800℃处理15 min即可在片状铜粉上原位生长出石墨烯,且分散均匀,与Cu基体结合良好,有利于增强其热性能。当石墨烯含量为0.73%(体积分数)时,铜基材料的热导率达到339W/(m·K),较纯铜提高了19.3%;此外,在50～300℃温度范围内,其热膨胀系数也明显低于纯Cu样品。     

复合相变储能材料的制备及热性能研究

基于建筑节能的重要性,采用实验的方法制备了一种癸酸与月桂酸的低共熔复合相变材料,这种相变材料的峰值融化温度是22.2℃,潜热是126.7℃,经过200次的循环以及释热特性测试发现这种复合相变材料的稳定性很好,再加入4%的石墨之后,导热性能有较大的提高。选用多孔建筑材料膨胀珍珠岩作为基质,用与相变材料直接浸泡的方式制得复合建筑材料,经过24h的浸泡,相变材料的质量分数达到了60%,用DSC测试出,复合材料的开始融化的温度17.9℃,潜热74.41J/g,做为一种新型的材料可以在节能建筑上使用。     

膨胀石墨/芒硝复合定形相变材料制备及性能研究

以复合芒硝(SCNa)为相变材料,膨胀石墨为载体,采用真空吸附法制备出导热增强型膨胀石墨/复合Na_2SO_4·10H_2O定形相变材料。试验结果表明:表面活性剂OP-10(质量分数5%)的加入能有效提高膨胀石墨和复合Na_2SO_4·10H_2O相变材料的结合稳定性,表面活性剂的添加对定形相变材料导热系数基本无影响,添加表面活性剂的膨胀石墨定形相变材料导热系数为2.26 W/(m·K),为原复合芒硝相变材料的215%。     

空调蓄冷相变材料的最新研究

相变材料是一种新型的蓄冷材料,5～10℃的相变材料在空调蓄冷系统中的应用越来越受到重视,已成为国际研究的热点。叙述了用于空调蓄冷的相变材料的选择原则和有机、无机相变材料的优缺点,概括和评述了近年来相变蓄冷材料在开发新型材料、提高导热系数和降低过冷度等方面的研究进展,并展望了空调蓄冷相变材料的研究趋势。     

硫铝酸盐水泥基复合相变储能砂浆的制备及其性能

采用熔融共混法制备“低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）-石蜡-石墨”复合定形相变材料（SSPCM）,并以硫铝酸盐水泥作为胶凝材料,制备了硫铝酸盐水泥基复合相变储能砂浆（TESCCM）。利用SEM、激光扫描共聚焦显微镜（LSCM）、DSC和TGA分析了SSPCM和TESCCM的微观形貌、蓄热能力和热稳定性。通过测试TESCCM的抗压和抗折强度,分析了SSPCM含量对TESCCM力学性能的影响,并利用自制热性能测试箱评价了TESCCM的热调节性能。结果表明：LDPE能够形成多层次网状结构,可实现对相变石蜡的有效包裹,所制备的SSPCM热焓值可达88.02 J/g; SSPCM与水泥基体结合良好; TESCCM具有热稳定性好、强度增长快、早期强度高及调温性能显著等特点。SSPCM含量增加会使TESCCM的强度降低,但对材料的韧性却有所改善。对于SSPCM与水泥质量比为50%的TESCCM,1天和3天抗压强度分别为5.58 MPa和6.51 MPa,28天压折比为2.7。     

粉煤灰-硅藻土复合相变储能材料制备及导热强化

固废资源化利用是实现节能减排的重要途径,以月桂酸为相变工作介质,以粉煤灰-硅藻土二元载体为封装材料,碳纳米管为导热剂,采用直接熔融共混法制备出月桂酸/粉煤灰-硅藻土/碳纳米管复合相变储能材料。采用热扩散渗透测试、傅里叶红外光谱仪(FTIR)、差示扫描量热仪(DSC)、热重分析仪(TGA)、无纸记录仪等分别考察了定形复合相变储能材料的承载性能、微观结构和热物性。结果表明:粉煤灰-硅藻土二元载体可有效防止月桂酸的泄漏,当二元载体中月桂酸的质量分数为28%时可制得无泄漏复合相变储能材料,且原样粉煤灰利用率为55%;FTIR结果表明复合材料中各组分之间相容性好;DSC测得其熔化相变温度为45.79℃,相变潜热为51.06 J/g;TGA分析显示月桂酸/粉煤灰-硅藻土/碳纳米管热稳定性较好;储/放热性能曲线显示加入质量分数为5%的碳纳米管时,复合相变储能材料的熔化与凝固时间分别减少60%和62.5%,传热效率得到显著改善。     

PMMA基复合定形相变储热材料的制备与性能研究

以聚甲基丙烯酸甲酯(PMMA)为支撑材料,石蜡(PA)、聚乙二醇(PEG 6000)和硬脂酸(SA)为相变材料(PCM),采用本体聚合法制备3种不同体系的复合定形相变储热材料,综合评价各复合体系的结构、热性能以及储/放热循环稳定性。结果表明:PMMA的交联网络结构使PCM在高于其熔化融温度时不发生泄漏;支撑材料与3种PCM均没有发生显著的化学反应;相同质量百分比的三类复合体系中,PMMA与PEG的界面相容性最好,SA/PMMA体系的储热能力最强,而PEG/PMMA体系的热稳定性最佳。     

聚乙二醇/二氧化硅复合相变蓄热材料的性能研究

以二氧化硅(SiO2)为载体、聚乙二醇(PEG)为相变蓄热材料,利用多孔的二氧化硅良好的吸附性能,制备出聚乙二醇/二氧化硅复合相变材料.由于二氧化硅的多孔网络结构,其毛细作用力和表面张力使得聚乙二醇在发生固液相变的过程中,失去了流动性.实验结果证明,聚乙二醇/二氧化硅复合相变材料仍具有较高的蓄热能力.同时二氧化硅作为基体材料形成空间传热网格,较大的提高了相变材料的导热率.     

Hierarchical graphene foam-based phase change materials with enhanced thermal conductivity and shape stability for efficient solar-to-thermal energy conversion and storage

Recently,graphene foam (GF) with a three-dimensional (3D) interconnected network produced by template-directed chemical vapor deposition (CVD) has been used to prepare composite phase-change materials (PCMs) with enhanced thermal conductivity.However,the pore size of GF is as large as hundreds of micrometers,resulting in a remarkable thermal resistance for heat transfer from the PCM inside the large pores to the GF strut walls.In this study,a novel 3D hierarchical GF (HGF) is obtained by filling the pores of GF with hollow graphene networks.The HGF is then used to prepare a paraffin wax (PW)-based composite PCM.The thermal conductivity of the PW/HGF composite PCM is 87％ and 744％ higher than that of the PW/GF composite PCM and pure PW,respectively.The PW/HGF composite PCM also exhibits better shape stability than the PW/GF composite PCM,negligible change in the phase-change temperature,a high thermal energy storage density that is 95％ of pure PW,good thermal reliability,and chemical stability with cycling for 100 times.More importantly,PW/HGF composite PCM allows light-driven thermal energy storage with a high light-to-thermal energy conversion and storage efficiency,indicating its great potential for applications in solar-energy utilization and storage.     

Paraffin/carbon aerogel phase change materials with high enthalpy and thermal conductivity

Two kinds of carbon aerogels, graphene aerogels (GA) and carbon nanotubes-graphene aerogels (CGA), were prepared by modified hydrothermal method. The form-stable phase change materials (PCMs) were fabricated by adsorbing paraffin into carbon aerogels. Morphology, structure, form stability and thermal property were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), in situ X-ray diffraction (in situ XRD) and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The results showed that GA presented wrinkled surface textures with curling edges, and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) were interspersed or attached to GA sheets. The phase transition temperature and the phase change enthalpy of the GA/paraffin PCM composite were 48.7 °C and 223.2 J/g, respectively. Thermal and mechanical properties of PCM composites achieved a qualitative leap with the adding of carbon aerogels. The PCM composites had a thermal conductivity of about 2.182 W/m K at the carbon aerogels loading fraction of 2 wt%. The form-stable PCM composites with high thermal conductivity and high enthalpy could be promising for thermal energy storage applications in construction field.     

石墨烯季戊四醇相变复合材料导热性能的分子动力学研究

低导热是限制储能材料实际应用的一大缺点,具有极高导热系数的石墨烯可作为导热填料有效改善储能材料的导热性能。本文通过反向非平衡分子动力学的方法,借助Materials Studio软件,模拟研究了石墨烯(GE)质量分数为0.5%、1%、1.5%、2%、2.5%、3%的石墨烯/季戊四醇(GE/PE)固-固相变复合材料的导热性能和内部相互作用。结果表明:石墨烯的添加可有效提升季戊四醇的导热性能,随着GE质量分数的增加,GE/PE复合相变材料的导热率、界面热导以及相互作用能均逐渐增大,且趋势幅度相一致,材料整体导热系数的增加归因于石墨烯结构的变化。本文可为石墨烯改善季戊四醇导热性的实验研究提供指导。     

相变储能材料的研究与发展

储能技术是通过物理或化学变化将某种能量存储,然后在后续过程中释放利用的技术,现多用于电力系统、交通运输、太阳能利用和移动电子等设备中,能够有效节约能源和提高能源利用率。相变储能材料是相变储能技术的关键载体,对其应用起着重要作用。本文对相变储能材料的基本特征、应用领域、储能原理以及分类等方面作了简要的介绍。并依据成分分类,对目前国内外研究的无机类、有机类、金属基及复合类相变储能材料进行了综述。详细介绍了不同材料的种类、性质、优缺点、适用范围等。最后指出了当前相变储能材料存在的不足,并展望了相变储能材料未来的发展方向和应用前景。     

Paraffin-based shape-stable phase change materials with graphene/carbon nanotube three-dimensional network structure

A novel kind of paraffin-based shape-stable phase change materials (SSPCMs) was prepared by introducing paraffin into reduced graphene oxide (rGO)/carbon nanotubes (CNTs) aerogel via vacuum-assisted impregnation method. The effects of ratio of rGO to CNTs in 3D network structure on morphology, structure and property of paraffin-based SSPCMs were investigated. The rGO/CNTs 3D network structure with high thermal conductivity, served as thermally conductive skeleton together. In particular, CNTs was used as a secondary heat conductive filler, which could be well dispered in the SSPCMs to conduct heat synergistically. The SSPCMs exhibited high thermal conductivity and excellent shape-stability. And the thermal conductivity of SSPCMs can be regulated by adjusting the ratio of rGO to CNTs in aerogels. These results indicate that 3D rGO/CNTs aerogels have advantages as thermally conductive skeleton, and can endow phase transition materials with stable shape, so as to realize the application of phase change materials in the field of heat dissipation.     

Preparation and light-to-heat conversion efficiency of paraffin/graphene aerogel shape-stable phase change materials

A kind of shape-stable phase change materials (SSPCMs) was prepared by using graphene aerogel (GA) with different pore size adsorbing molten paraffin wax via vacuum impregnation. The characteristics of SSPCMs were determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractometer (XRD), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and TCi thermal conductivity analyzer. The SSPCMs possessed a high comprehensive performance: a high thermal conductivity of 1.432?W/m·K (more than 400% increase over pure paraffin), a good capacity of thermal energy storage (more than 200?J/g), a ability to light-to-heat energy storage and coating effect (encapsulation ratio is about 55%) due to the three-dimensional GA foam structure with functions of thermal conductivity and adsorptive property. In addition, an energy conversion from light to heat was realized with the SSPCMs. For different morphologies of GA, as pore size of GA decreases, SSPCMs’ thermal conductivity and solar energy usage efficiency increases and their leakage rate reduces. This means that pore size of GA can influence the properties of SSPCMs to some extent.