氧化石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料的研究现状及展望

水泥水化进程复杂,所形成的水化产物缺陷较多,因而导致水泥基复合材料的力学性能及耐久性较差,如何对水泥水化行为进行调控成为了研究的热点。氧化石墨烯(GO)是由石墨氧化制备石墨烯的中间产物,因其存在大量的活性基团,在水泥基复合材料领域具有广阔的应用前景。概述了氧化石墨烯的选择及制备,论述了氧化石墨烯增强水泥基复合材料的流变性、微结构、物理力学性能及耐久性,重点阐述了氧化石墨烯对水泥基复合材料水化及性能调控的作用机理,针对当前研究中存在的问题进行了总结,并对未来的研究工作进行了展望。     

氧化石墨烯水泥基复合材料的性能及研究进展

水泥基材料在建筑领域应用广泛,但其存在抗弯强度低、抗裂性和韧性差等缺点,因此改善水泥基材料性能一直是建筑材料领域研究的热点之一.氧化石墨烯(GO)是在石墨烯基面和边缘修饰了含氧官能团的一种二维衍生石墨烯材料,具有蜂窝状的结构形貌,亲水性、分散性和反应活性好.将GO加入水泥基材料中,可促进花状形貌晶体的形成,并加速水化进程的成核速度,使其形成致密的交联结构,进而细化水泥浆体的空隙,有效降低孔隙率,从而增强水泥基材料的力学性能,但流动性等有所降低.因此研究人员主要从微观作用机理、静态力学性能及耐久性等方面开展了深入研究,并取得了丰硕的成果.GO自身较大比表面积的结构性质致使水泥基复合材料流变性差,利用硅灰(SF)和氧化石墨烯包覆硅灰(GOSF)等外加剂对GO进行改性,从而提高GO水泥浆体的流动性.基于微观结构作用机理,对比不同GO掺量、试件尺寸、水灰比下的抗压强度和抗弯强度的增长率,分析GO水泥基复合材料的力学性能的增强机理.GO对水泥基材料抗压、抗拉、抗弯强度增长率存在较大差异,其中抗弯强度提高幅度最大.GO对硅酸盐水泥力学性能的提高程度较磷酸镁钾水泥更为显著.对于动态力学性能,不同应变率下裂纹扩展路径存在差异,在高应变率下GO的增强效应更为显著.水泥基材料工作环境中各类离子化合物及酸碱度对其基体有消极的影响,GO对其耐久性有明显的提高作用.本文对近年来GO水泥基复合材料的研究状况进行梳理,分析其微观结构作用机理、流动性、力学性能及耐久性等,阐述了目前国内外的研究状况及存在的问题,并展望了GO水泥基复合材料未来的发展趋势.     

氧化石墨烯对水泥基复合材料徐变的调控机制

为了探明氧化石墨烯(GO)对水泥基复合材料徐变的调控机制,采用徐变加载架对不同GO掺量水泥胶砂的徐变进行了测试,并从水泥基复合材料的水化和微观结构入手,采用SEM、XRD、FTIR等研究了GO对水泥胶砂徐变的影响,并对调控机制进行了解释。结果表明：GO可以调节水泥基复合材料水化产物的形状与聚集态,降低宏观徐变。当GO掺量(与水泥质量比)大于0.02%时,水泥胶砂的徐变大幅度降低。GO的掺入促进了水化硅酸钙(CSH)对水分子的吸附与扩散,增加了内部CSH含量,使水化产物的结构更加致密。GO与CSH形成的氢键可提升二者之间的黏结力,并增强水分子在CSH-GO片层间的吸附,从而实现了对水泥胶砂徐变的调控。研究成果对于实现按终端用途进行水泥基复合材料设计具有重要的理论价值,并有望在预应力混凝土结构中得到应用。     

氧化石墨烯在水泥基复合材料中应用的研究进展

氧化石墨烯(GO)是一种极具潜力的纳米增强材料,对水泥基复合材料具有显著的增强和增韧作用.但现有研究中仍存在一些盲点和有争议的领域,需通过进一步的研究加以阐明.本文综述了GO增强水泥基复合材料的最新研究进展,介绍了GO对水泥基复合材料性能的影响及其作用机制,重点阐述了GO在水泥环境中的分散性,GO对水化性能、工作性和流...     

氧化石墨烯改性水泥基注浆材料的制备及力学性能研究

氧化石墨烯凭借较高的比表面积和独特的片层状结构,具有优异的理化性能。为获得高性能的水泥基注浆材料,通过引入不同掺杂量(0.00,0.02%,0.04%和0.06%(质量分数))的氧化石墨烯,制备了改性水泥基注浆材料。采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR和力学性能测试等分析了氧化石墨烯的掺杂量对改性水泥基注浆材料晶体结构、力学性能和自收缩性能的影响。结果表明：氧化石墨烯的掺杂加速了水化反应的进行,提高了Ca(OH)₂的生成速率,同时减小了裂纹数量,增加了结构致密性;当氧化石墨烯的掺杂量为0.04%(质量分数)时,28 d的抗压强度、抗折强度和劈裂抗拉强度均达到了最大值,分别为59.80,14.70和1.89 MPa;所有注浆材料在水化前期收缩较快,20 h后收缩量进入了“平台期”,随着氧化石墨烯掺杂量的增加,改性注浆材料的自收缩性能抑制效果先增大后减小,当氧化石墨烯的掺杂量为0.04%(质量分数)时,改性注浆材料的自收缩量最小。     

氧化石墨烯基复合材料对Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附研究

以氧化石墨烯(GO)、氧化铈(CeO2)和改性壳聚糖(DCS)为原料,采用溶液共混法合成氧化石墨烯基复合材料(DCG)。研究了DCG对Cr(Ⅵ)的静态吸附性能,考察了DCG用量、Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度、吸附时间和吸附温度对吸附效果的影响。实验结果表明,DCG质量浓度为2g/L、废水中Cr(Ⅵ)质量浓度为20mg/L、吸附温度为25℃、吸附时间为90min时吸附效果最好。傅里叶变换红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和X射线衍射分析表明,DCG为较厚的片层结构,片层表面附着大量点状物,羟基、羧基和氨基为主要活性吸附位点。复合材料DCG明显改变了GO、CeO2和DCS三者的团聚性和亲水性,充分发挥了各自的吸附性能。     

氧化石墨烯/水泥复合净浆的化学收缩特性及预测模型

为了揭示氧化石墨烯/水泥复合净浆(GO/C)的化学收缩特性,采用体积法对不同水灰比(0.3、0.4、0.5)和不同氧化石墨烯(GO)质量分数(0wt%、0.01wt%、0.02wt%、0.03wt%、0.04wt%、0.05wt%)的水泥复合净浆试件化学收缩进行了测定。试验结果显示:随着水灰比的增加,GO/C化学收缩显著增大。同水灰比条件下掺有氧化石墨烯的GO/C试件前期化学收缩较普通水泥净浆有所下降,当GO质量分数为0.04wt%时,收缩值达到最小;在后期水化中,GO/C试件的化学收缩增长速度明显快于普通水泥净浆。分析表明,GO对水泥净浆孔结构的调控作用和对水化产物氢氧化钙晶体的键合行为是其影响水泥净浆化学收缩性能的主要原因。同时,通过收缩模型与试验值对比发现,现有的普通水泥化学收缩模型无法精准预测GO/C的化学收缩情况,因此,为考虑GO的影响,试验在吴浪模型的基础上,引入K(ξ,t)函数作为影响参数,并通过曲线拟合得到其具体表达式,从而建立起适用于GO/C化学收缩的预测模型。     

氧化石墨烯增强增韧水泥基复合材料的研究

用Hummers法对石墨进行氧化后再用超声波进行分散制备纳米氧化石墨烯(GO)分散液。研究GO对掺有聚羧酸系减水剂(PCs)的水泥净浆流动度、粘度、凝结时间、石泥石孔结构和水泥砂石的耐折强度、抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明,纳米氧化石墨烯掺量为15mg/(100g水泥)时,使净浆流动度和凝结时间稍有降低,所得石泥石的中大孔隙率减少,结构致密,硬化水泥砂浆的耐折强度和抗压强度显著提高。硬化水泥石的XRD和SEM测试结果表明,纳米氧化石墨烯片层对水泥水化晶体产物的形成有模板效应,能够促使水泥石形成微小、形状统一的晶体结构,研究纳米氧化石墨烯增强增韧混凝土对于构建高性能、长寿命混凝土具有重要的意义。     

氧化石墨烯复合材料的研究进展

氧化石墨烯是一种性能优异的新型碳材料,具有较高的比表面积和表面丰富的官能团.简单介绍了氧化石墨烯的制备方法,重点阐述了氧化石墨烯复合材料的研究进展,包括聚合物类复合材料以及无机物类复合材料的合成方法、性能以及应用领域,展望了氧化石墨烯的制备及其复合材料今后的研究方向,提出少引入或者不引入杂离子的新型绿色环保的制备方法是氧化石墨烯制备的发展方向,氧化石墨烯的表面改性成为另一个研究重点.     

等强度下混凝土组分对内部相对湿度和自收缩的影响

采用自制的试验装置,研究了聚乙烯醇(PVA)纤维、双掺粉煤灰和矿渣以及减缩剂对7d等强度混凝土早龄期自收缩和内部相对湿度的影响规律和机理以及两者之间的关系.结果表明,减缩剂、双掺矿物掺合料和PVA纤维均明显降低了混凝土的自收缩值,以掺减缩剂效果最佳,自收缩72h(3d)前发展速度很快,可达到672h(28d)的80%以...     

FePt/reduced graphene oxide composites for high capacity hydrogen storage

Here, reduced graphene oxide (rGO) was modified with iron and platinum nanoparticles by solvothermal method. The structural order and textural properties of the graphene based materials were studied by BET, TEM, XRD, TGA and XPS techniques. Hydrogen storage properties of GO, platinum loaded reduced graphene oxide (Pt-rGO), iron loaded reduced graphene oxide (Fe-rGO), and iron platinum loaded reduced graphene oxide (FePt-rGO) have been investigated in the pressure range of 0.05 to atmospheric pressure and at 77 and 87 K. This gives hydrogen adsorption capacities of about 1.2, 2.1, 1.9, and 2.7 wt% at 77 K for GO, Pt-rGO, Fe-rGO, and FePt-rGO, respectively. The isosteric heat of adsorption (Q_st) was investigated as a function of hydrogen uptake at 77 and 87 K over the pressure range of 0.05 to atmospheric pressure. The isosteric heat of adsorption for FePt-rGO (9.2 kJ/mol) was found to be higher than the isosteric heat of adsorption for GO (6.1 kJ/mol) indicating a favorable interaction between hydrogen and surface of the reduced graphene oxide.     

Preparation of large-sized graphene from needle coke and the adsorption for malachite green with its graphene oxide

With needle coke (NC) as an initial material, large-sized graphene was successfully prepared through an oxidation–exfoliation–thermal reduction process. The prepared graphene was characterized by SEM, TEM, AFM, FTIR, XRD, Raman, and XPS, respectively. Results showed that the morphology of graphene from NC was different from that of natural graphite although the spectroscopic properties of graphene from NC are very similar to those from natural graphite. The lateral size of the prepared graphene is concentrated in 3–8?µm, which was considerably larger than that of natural graphite, multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and stacked graphene nanofibers (SGNFs). In addition, the adsorption capacity of graphene oxide from NC for malachite green was investigated to confirm the size of graphene indirectly. The equilibrium adsorption capacity of 437.7?mg/g for malachite green was considerably higher than that from natural graphite whose adsorption capacity was 209.5?mg/g under identical conditions. All results confirm that NC is a better alternative for the preparation of graphene than natural graphite.     

Ambient flash sintering of reduced graphene oxide/zirconia composites:Role of reduced graphene oxide

Fabrication of graphene/ceramic composites commonly requires a high-temperature sintering step with long times as well as a vacuum or inert atmosphere,which not only results in property degradation but also significant equipment complexity and manufacturing costs.In this work,the ambient flash sintering behavior of reduced graphene oxide/3 mol% yttria-stabilized ZrO₂(rGO/3 YSZ) composites utilizing rGO as both a composite component and a conductive additive is reported.When the sintering condition is carefully optimized,a dense and conductive composite can be achieved at room temperature and in the air within 20 s.The role of the rGO in the FS of the rGO/3 YSZ composites is elucidated,especially with the assistance of a separate investigation on the thermal runaway behavior of the rGO.The work suggests a promising fabrication route for rGO/ceramic composites where the vacuum and furnace are not needed,which is of interest in terms of simplifying the fabrication equipment for energy and cost savings.     

溶剂热法制备Fe_3O_4/氧化石墨烯复合材料及其性能研究

以氧化石墨和二茂铁为原料,采用溶剂热法原位一步合成了Fe3O4/还原氧化石墨烯(Fe3O4/RGO)复合物,通过X射线衍射(XRD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、扫描电镜(SEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、振动样品磁强计(VSM)、循环伏安测试等手段对复合材料的形貌、结构、磁性能和电化学性能进行了表征。结果表明,该方法具有简单、可控的优点,通过调变前驱物中氧化石墨和二茂铁的比例,可以控制复合物中Fe3O4纳米粒子的负载量。所制备Fe3O4/RGO复合材料由平均粒径约20nm的Fe3O4纳米颗粒高度分散在还原氧化石墨烯片层上组成,具有较好的超顺磁性,电化学稳定性和良好的倍率性能。     

氧化石墨烯/密胺树脂复合材料的制备及其热性能研究

首先采用Hummers法制备出氧化石墨烯(GO),然后与三聚氰胺、甲醛进行原位聚合,制备出GO/密胺树脂(MF)复合材料,并用傅里叶红外光谱仪(FT-IR)、原子力显微镜(AFM)、扫描电镜(SEM)分析和观察了氧化石墨烯及复合材料的分子结构及形貌,通过导热系数测试仪、热重分析仪(TG)对复合材料的热性能进行了表征。研究发现,随着氧化石墨烯(GO)添加量的增加,复合材料导热系数增加先快后慢,当GO添加量为0.84%时,复合材料导热系数提高32.0%,GO的添加提高复合材料低温下的热稳定性。     

氧化石墨烯与甲基丙烯酸和烯丙基磺酸钠共聚物的制备与性能

通过氧化和超声波作用制备了氧化石墨烯(GO)纳米相片层分散液,再与甲基丙烯酸(MAA)和烯丙基磺酸钠(SAS)进行自由基共聚反应制备了氧化石墨烯与甲基丙烯酸和烯丙基磺酸钠的共聚物P(GOMAA-SAS),各组分的质量比为m(MAA)∶m(SAS)∶m(GO)=13∶6∶1。FT-IR检测结果表明GO与单体之间发生了共聚反应,AFM检测结果表明共聚物中GO片层的厚度为4 nm、长宽在5~10 nm范围。应用结果表明用10%的P(GO-MAA-SAS)鞣制皮革的收缩温度为84℃,GO的鞣制作用与GO的纳米效应和与胶原纤维的键合作用及其二者之间的协同作用有关,研究结果 GO纳米片层可以鞣制皮革并且GO的分散状态是影响鞣制效果的主要因素。     

氧化石墨烯纳米片层对水泥基复合材料的增韧效果及作用机制

通过氧化和超声波分散制备了氧化石墨烯（GO）纳米片层分散体系,研究了GO纳米片层对水泥基复合材料的增韧效果及作用机制。用EDS、FTIR、XRD、SEM和AFM对GO纳米片层的结构进行了表征。研究结果表明：所得GO含氧量为32.3wt%,GO纳米片层的厚度为6 nm左右,在GO片层表面含有羟基、羧基和磺酸基等活性基团。水泥基复合材料的SEM形貌及力学性能测定结果表明：当GO掺量为0.03wt%时,GO能够使水泥水化产物形成花朵状晶体,并使水泥基复合材料的拉伸强度、抗折强度和压缩强度比对照样品分别提高了65.5%、60.7%和38.9%。提出了GO纳米片层对水泥水化产物的模板调控机制,揭示了花状晶体的形成过程。     

Robust magnetic and electromagnetic wave absorption performance of reduced graphene oxide loaded magnetic metal nanoparticle composites

With the increasing demand for microwave absorbing materials, to develop a microwave absorber with a simple synthesis process is of great significance to the field of protection. Herein we have successfully loaded iron-cobalt-nickel oxide (FeCoNiO_x) onto the as-prepared polydopamine-reduced graphene oxide (PDA-rGO) through a two-step process. The preparation method has mild reaction conditions without high temperature and pressure compared with the traditional method, which is conducive to large-scale production. Based on effectively combining dielectric loss and magnetic loss mechanism, the obtained material possesses excellent electromagnetic waves absorbing performance with the minimum RL value of ?36.28 dB. The results proved that the composites can be endowed with various microwave absorption effects by the adjustion of different component ratios. In addition, the microwave absorption mechanism was dicussed in detail, and we believe that the results of our research have certain guiding significance for preparation of efficient microwave absorbers.     

Ionic liquid-assisted one-step hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2-reduced graphene oxide composites

We have demonstrated a facile and efficient strategy for the fabrication of soluble reduced graphene oxide sheets (RGO) and the preparation of titanium oxide (TiO₂) nanoparticle-RGO composites using a modified one-step hydrothermal method. It was found that graphene oxide could be easily reduced under solvothermal conditions with ascorbic acid as reductant, with concomitant growth of TiO₂ particles on the RGO surface. The TiO₂-RGO composite has been thoroughly characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis. Microscopy techniques (scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy) have been employed to probe the morphological characteristics as well as to investigate the exfoliation of RGO sheets. The TiO₂-RGO composite exhibited excellent photocatalysis of hydrogen evolution.