一种新的环氧端基超支化聚(胺-酯)的合成

以二乙醇胺和丙烯酸乙酯为原料,通过Michael加成反应合成了N,N-二羟乙基-3-胺基丙酸乙酯AB2单体;以季戊四醇为反应中心核,N,N-二羟乙基-3-胺基丙酸乙酯为单体,用"准一步法"制得了1~5代端羟基超支化聚(胺-酯);并用环氧氯丙烷改性法对其端羟基进行改性,首次制得了1~5代环氧端基超支化聚(胺-酯)。FT-IR、GC-MS、环氧滴定等方法测定结果表明:环氧端基超支化聚(胺-酯)黏度在30~554mPa.s之间,远低于同分子量线性分子的黏度;各代聚合物环氧值均较高,在0.288~0.512mol/100g之间,该聚合物将在改善传统聚合物加工性能方面有着潜在的应用前景。     

棉织物的超疏水整理及其性能表征

通过采用溶液聚合法合成了含有全氟烷基的甲基丙烯酸酯类聚合物并用于织物的疏水整理,成功制备了具有超疏水性能的棉织物。利用红外光谱、核磁共振、扫描电子显微镜等手段对高聚物的结构及形貌进行表征,讨论了摩擦次数及皂洗次数对接触角的影响,随后考察了织物在整理前后的疏水特性以及白度、透气性、折皱回复角、断裂强力等性能的变化。结果表明:整理后棉织物与水的接触角可达到160°以上,断裂强力经向、纬向分别达到644N、334N,经5次水洗或50次摩擦后织物仍能保持超疏水性能,而且整理后织物基本保持了原有的特性,只是透气性能和白度略微下降,断裂强力和折皱回复角有所上升。     

端基对超支化聚合物改性环氧树脂性能的影响

研究了分别具有羟端基和环氧端基的脂肪族超支化聚酯对双酚A环氧树脂/酸酐固化体系力学性能及热性能的影响,分析对比了两种不同端基超支化聚酯改性环氧树脂浇注体性能时机理上的差别。结果表明,在相同含量和代数时,具有环氧端基的超支化聚酯能更好地提高环氧树脂浇注体的力学性能,同时还使玻璃化转变温度有所提高。分析发现,这是由于环氧端基的存在使得超支化聚酯与树脂基体有很好的相容性,从而有利于形成合适的第二粒子分散相,表现出比羟端基超支化聚酯更好的改性效果。     

含氟丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及对棉织物的整理与应用

采用乳液聚合法合成了含氟丙烯酸酯乳液(FP),并结合溶胶凝胶法制得的SiO_2,通过浸渍-固化法涂覆到棉织物上,成功制备了具有超疏水性能的棉织物。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、粒度分析、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析及接触角(CA)等测试手段研究了高聚物的结构形貌和热稳定性,讨论了摩擦及皂洗对织物疏水性的影响,随后考察了织物在整理前后的防紫外性能、白度、透气性、折皱回复角及断裂强力等性能的变化。结果表明,FP及SiO_2/FP整理后的棉织物均具备超疏水能力,且SiO_2/FP整理织物(CA=157°)比FP整理织物(CA=153°)的疏水性好,说明硅溶胶先对棉纤维表面进行粗糙化处理再附载FP提高了其疏水性。经多次水洗或摩擦后织物仍能保持较好的疏水效果,而且整理前后棉织物物理力学性能变化不大,不会影响棉织物的服用性能。     

环氧-聚醚端基改性硅油合成与工艺研究

以烯丙基聚醚(F-6)、环氧氯丙烷、1,1,3,3-四甲基二硅氧烷为原料制得环氧基烯丙基聚醚二硅氧烷。在碱性条件下,八甲基环四硅氧烷(D4)开环缩合,与环氧基烯丙基聚醚二硅氧烷反应合成环氧-聚醚端基改性硅油。1 H-NMR表明成功合成目标产物,讨论了物料比、反应温度、反应时间和催化剂用量对产物性能的影响,确定最佳工艺:环氧基烯丙基聚醚二硅氧烷与D4质量配合比为1∶1,催化剂用量为0.7%(wt,质量分数),60℃,反应3h,制得的环氧-聚醚端基改性硅油,收率达到78%。     

含氟丙烯酸酯乳液的制备及对棉织物的整理与应用EI北大核心CSCD

采用乳液聚合法合成了含氟丙烯酸酯乳液(FP),并结合溶胶凝胶法制得的SiO_2,通过浸渍-固化法涂覆到棉织物上,成功制备了具有超疏水性能的棉织物。利用红外光谱、扫描电镜、原子力显微镜、粒度分析、差示扫描量热分析、热重分析及接触角(CA)等测试手段研究了高聚物的结构形貌和热稳定性,讨论了摩擦及皂洗对织物疏水性的影响,随后考察了织物在整理前后的防紫外性能、白度、透气性、折皱回复角及断裂强力等性能的变化。结果表明,FP及SiO_2/FP整理后的棉织物均具备超疏水能力,且SiO_2/FP整理织物(CA=157°)比FP整理织物(CA=153°)的疏水性好,说明硅溶胶先对棉纤维表面进行粗糙化处理再附载FP提高了其疏水性。经多次水洗或摩擦后织物仍能保持较好的疏水效果,而且整理前后棉织物物理力学性能变化不大,不会影响棉织物的服用性能。     

棉织物弯曲性能与折皱回复角的关系研究

本文概述了目前主要抗皱评价方法存在的问题,着重介绍了折皱回复角测量方法,以棉织物为例,分析了不同织物的弯曲性能及其与抗皱性的关系。通过SAS回归分析得到织物弯曲刚度、弯曲滞后矩与折皱回复角的线性回归方程。回归方程显示:随着弯曲刚度的增加,折皱回复角线性增大;而随着弯曲滞后矩增加,折皱回复角线性减小,并用其他样本回代检验了回归方程的适用性。     

羟丙基硅油改性水性聚氨酯在纯棉织物整理中的应用

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚丙二醇(PPG)、羟丙基硅油(M=4000)、甘油聚醚(G-18)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和二乙烯三胺等为原料,合成了有机硅改性聚氨酯乳液,并制备了4种不同有机硅含量的乳液,再将其分别稀释成4种不同浓度的乳液,应用于纯棉织物整理,测试了整理前后棉织物的风格、强力等各项性能变化。结果表明,当有机硅改性聚氨酯乳液中有机硅质量分数为6%、整理剂浓度为100g/L时,整理后棉织物的综合性能最佳,织物表面光滑性大大提高,耐热性能得到较大的改善,经向断裂强力可达725.0N,增幅为27.35%;急弹回复角和缓弹回复角分别可以达到218°和230°,增幅分别为21.11%和12.20%。     

超支化聚合物的合成及在丙烯酸乳液中的应用

以季戊四醇为"核",与1,2,4-偏苯三酸酐和环氧氯丙烷反应合成超支化聚合物,并通过马来酸酐进行端基改性,合成了以羟基和/或羧基为末端基的水溶性超支化聚合物(HBPs),通过FT-IR1、H-NMR对结构进行了表征。然后将该超支化聚合物(HBPs)应用于BA/VAc/AA丙烯酸共聚物压敏胶粘剂(PSAs)乳液中。发现超支化聚合物的加入提高了胶粘剂的稳定性和粘接性能。以羧基为末端基的超支化聚合物(HBP-B)加入量为0.5%时,胶粘剂互相矛盾的两个性能——持粘力与剥离强度同时达到最大值。     

聚醚/二苯甲酮类紫外吸收基聚硅氧烷应用性能研究

对有机硅抗紫外线整理剂侧基聚醚/二苯甲酮类紫外吸收基聚硅氧烷(PE-PUVSi)在100%棉布上的应用性能进行了研究.结果表明:经PE-PUVSi整理后的棉织物具有明显的抗紫外效果,柔软性能有很大改善.研究还发现,PE-PUVSi中二苯甲酮紫外吸收基(UV)质量分数由4.67%增至26.58%时,整理后织物的紫外光透过率由71.0%降至38.1%,但整理后织物的吸湿性下降,白度变略有下降.柔软性能在UV质量分数为19.29%时达到最好,此时紫外光透过率为43.6%.     

IPDI/PPG封端水性聚氨酯的合成及其对棉织物的整理

以异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯(IPDI)、聚氧化丙烯二醇(PPG)、二羟甲基丙酸(DMPA)和甲乙酮肟(EMAO)为主要原料,合成了封端水性聚氨酯。通过化学滴定法确定了70℃条件下聚合的反应时间为225min,并利用红外光谱和凝胶渗透色谱技术对产物进行了表征。将该封端水性聚氨酯配制为乳液,对棉织物进行整理。结果发现,焙烘温度150℃处理3min,整理后织物的折痕回复角达到154.4°,经向断裂强力和纬向断裂强力分别达到436.83N和338.5N。     

Ultraviolet curing for surface modification of textile fabrics

In this study, cotton, polyester and polyamide fabrics were treated by radical or cationic ultraviolet curing of different commercial products conferring water and oil repellency. Moreover, radical ultraviolet curing of chitosan was applied to confer antimicrobial properties. The advantages of this technology are well known making it very interesting for industrial applications: energy savings, low environmental impact, simple, cheap and small equipment, high treatment speed. The polymerization was controlled through weight gain and gel content measurements, while the properties of hydro and oil repellency were determined in terms of contact angle, moisture adsorption and water vapor permeability. The polymer distribution on fabric surfaces was investigated by scanning electron microscopy and atomic force microscopy. However the fabrics treated with chitosan were subjected to the standard test for determining the antimicrobial activity. Finally the finished cotton samples were subjected to washing fastness tests.     

Graphene oxide-silver/cotton fiber fabric with anti-bacterial and anti-UV properties for wearable gas sensors

Wearable gas sensors can improve early warning provision for workers in special worksites and can also be used as flexible electronic platforms. Here, the flexible multifunctional gas sensor was prepared by grafting graphene oxide (GO)-Ag onto cotton fabric after swelling. The maximum bacterial inhibition rate of GO-150/cotton fabric was 95.6% for E. coli and 87.6% for S. aureus, while retaining the original high moisture permeability of cotton fabric. So GO/cotton fabric can resist the multiplication of bacteria. At the same time, GO can greatly improve the UV protection performance of cotton fabric used in garments. With increase of the GO concentration, the UV protection ability of composite fabric is enhanced. Finally, GO-Ag/cotton fabric sensors had stable NH₃ gas-sensitive properties and good washing stability. In conclusion, these cotton fabric sensors with antibacterial properties, UV resistance and highly sensitive gas-sensitive properties have potential applications in wearable early warning devices and textile products.     

Zinc oxide nanowire enhanced multifunctional coatings for cotton fabrics

Zinc oxide (ZnO) nanowires have been grown on cotton fabric to impart self-cleaning, superhydrophobicity and ultraviolet (UV) blocking properties. ZnO nanowires were grown by the microwave assisted hydrothermal method and subsequently functionalized with steraic acid to obtain a water contact angle of 150°, showing their superhydrophobic nature which is found to be stable up to 4 washings. UV protection of the resulting cotton fabric was also examined and significant decrease in the transmission of UV range was observed. Self-cleaning activity of the ZnO nanowire coated cotton fabric was also studied and it showed considerable degradation of methylene blue under UV light irradiation. These results suggest that ZnO nanowires could form ideal multifunctional coatings for textiles.     

Recyclable and highly efficient photocatalytic fabric of Fe(III)@BiVO4/cotton via thiol-ene click reaction with visible-light response in water

In this article, we designed a photocatalytic cotton fabric of Fe(III)@BiVO₄/cotton via thiol-ene click reaction and achieved an enhanced photocatalytic performance and excellent recyclability under visible-light irradiation. The Fe(III)@BiVO₄ and cotton fabric were modified with KH570 (including CC groups) and KH580 (including SH groups), respectively. Then, the Fe(III)@BiVO₄/KH570 and KH580/cotton reacted and connected via thiol-ene click reaction, which can effectively solve its recyclability in practical application and realize ideal all-in-one structure. The as-prepared Fe(III)@BiVO₄/cotton not only exhibited an excellent photocatalytic performance in reducing Cr(VI) to Cr(III), but also showed a remarkable performance in degradation of C.I. reactive blue 19 (RB-19) under visible-light. Meanwhile, various analysis technique were used to confirm the successful connection between Fe(III)@BiVO₄ and cotton fabric via thiol-ene click reaction. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism was also discussed comprehensively in view of trapping experiments and ESR analysis.     

水热法制备纤维素基CdS纳米复合材料及其光催化性能研究

以棉花为纤维素基质,CdCl_2·21/2H_2O和L-半胱氨酸为原料,采用水热法制备了纤维素基CdS纳米复合材料。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为目标降解物,研究了反应时间和反应温度对该复合材料光催化性能的影响,通过XRD、SEM、FT-IR和UV-VisDRS对不同温度下制得的复合材料进行了结构表征。结果表明,反应温度为影响纤维素基CdS样品光催化活性的关键因素,且对样品中CdS的微观结构有显著影响。当反应温度为120℃时,样品的光催化活性最佳,反应50min对MB溶液的光降解率达到94.78%。经过3次循环其光降解率基本保持不变,表明纤维素基CdS是一种稳定有效的光催化剂。光催化增强机理分析表明,CdS光生电子迁移至纤维素表面,实现了与光生空穴的有效分离,从而增强了材料的光催化性能。     

Determination of cotton-bound glyoxal via an internal cannizzaro reaction by means of high-performance liquid chromatography

Glyoxal, a non-formaldehyde cross-linking agent, was applied in combination with aluminum sulfate hexadecahydrate to impart durable-press properties to cellulosic materials. The cotton fabric was impregnated with a pad bath formulation containing 6% (w/w) glyoxal and 4.5% (w/w) aluminum sulfate hexadecahydrate. The curing process was conducted at 140 degrees C for 3 min, thus affecting a cross-linkage between the cellulose chains. For the first time, a chromatographic method is presented that enables both qualitative and quantitative analysis of the portion of glyoxal that has reacted with the cellulosic material. For this purpose, the glyoxal-treated fabric was treated with an NaOH solution (c = 4 mol L(-1)) at 100 degrees C for 20 min. As a result, glyoxal was extracted from the cellulosic sample and converted into glycolate via an internal Cannizzaro reaction. Subsequently, the glycolate was analyzed chromatographically using the strong cation-exchange column Aminex HPX-87H as the stationary phase and sulfuric acid as the mobile phase. The detection limit was 1.87 mg L(-1) (UV detection). The recovery was 85%. Dry crease wrinkle recovery measurements gave evidence that the cross-linkage was removed completely. The application of the analytical technique developed in the present study demonstrated that the amount of glyoxal that had reacted with the cellulose was 15.7 +/- 0.72 mg/g of fabric. In addition, glycolate thus formed was well separated from non-formaldehyde durable-press finishing agents based on polycarboxylic acids such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic acid or citric acid.     

Polyaniline/silver nanowire cotton fiber: A flexible electrode material for supercapacitor

The silver nanowire (AgNWs) / cotton fiber was used as a conductive substrate with high conductivity charge transfer. Then the polyaniline (PANI) molecular chain was fixed on the AgNWs / cotton fiber by in-situ polymerization to prevent its dedoping and improve its cyclic properties. Thus the flexible capacitor electrode material with conductive, specific capacity and cyclic properties was obtained. The results showed that when the mass ratio of KH-560 to AgNWs/cotton fiber was 3:1, the grafting rate of epoxide group on the modified AgNWs/cotton fiber was the highest. When the mass ratio of aniline to modified AgNWs cotton fabric was 3:1, the PANI content of in-situ polymerization on the fabric surface was the highest, 20.83%. The specific capacity of PANI/AgNWs/cotton fiber electrode material was the highest, 154 F/g, after 5000 cycles of charging and discharging, the specific capacity could keep 96%. It is worth mentioning, the introduction of PANI and AgNWs could significantly improve the wear resistance of cotton fiber, the friction resistance of the cotton fabric increased to 36,000 times. It is provided a new idea for design a flexible capacitor electrode material integrating electrical conductivity and cyclic stability.     

Room-temperature synthesis of single-phase anatase TiO2 by aging and its self-cleaning properties

A facile process to synthesize single-phase anatase titanium dioxide nanocrystallites at room temperature was presented. The process included a sol-gel reaction in an aqueous media followed by aging at room temperature. The anatase TiO2 was characterized using XRD, TEM and SEM. The cotton fabrics-coated by the anatase nanocrystallites possessed significant photocatalytic self-cleaning properties as demonstrated by their ability to decompose a colorant and degrade red wine and coffee stains, which was equivalent to that of prepared by heating or hydrothermal methods described previously. The anatase TiO2-coated cotton substrate also showed a high UPF rating of 50+, which means excellent UV protection to human wearers. The study of the adhesion between the anatase TiO2 and the cotton substrate showed that even after 20 times of repeated launderings, the-coated substrate was still capable of decomposing stains, which indicated its photocatalytic power, though this was reduced compared to that before laundering. The tensile strength results of the anatase TiO2-coated cotton fabrics indicate that the anatase TiO2 will not damage the cotton substrate even after 20 h of continuous UV irradiation. The method of preparing single-phase anatase TiO2 revealed in this study not only eliminates the need for high temperature processing, which means energy saving, but also broadens its applications to poor acid-resistant and low thermal stability materials such as many of the biomaterials and cellulosic materials.