考虑地震历时影响的岩质边坡楔体稳定性分析与计算

本文根据Newmark在强震荷栽作用下计算土坎坎肩永久位移的概念,结合传统的刚体极限平衡分析法,计算了在地震历时作用下岩体边坡楔体的安全系数和永久位移,为岩体边坡动静稳定性评价提供了一条新的途径。在不考虑地震加速度垂向分量影响的假定条件下,本文提出了临界加速度,由此可根据加速度时程曲线评价边坡楔体的稳定性,迅速可靠,可避免繁琐的动力分析计算。作者用编制的计算程序计算了一工程实例。     

基于块体元的塑性极限下限法在拱坝坝肩稳定分析中的应用

将块体单元法与极限分析下限法相结合,提出了拱坝坝肩稳定的块体单元极限分析下限法.借助于块体单元法离散计算区域,通过块体系统静力场在结构面上满足Mohr-Coulomb屈服条件、应力边界条件以及在块体单元上的力矢力矩平衡原理,构成求解拱坝坝肩强度储备安全系数下限解的数学规划模型,模型的求解采用内点法.最后研究了一个楔形体算例和青龙拱坝左岸坝肩实例,通过比较块体单元下限法计算结果与刚体极限平衡法计算结果,验证了该方法的可行性.     

基于有限元极限平衡法的生基坪滑坡稳定性分析

依据有限元法计算得出的边坡应力状态,应用极限平衡法的原理对边坡进行稳定性分析,既可考虑岩土体变形对边坡稳定性的影响,又能给出工程上易于接受的安全系数.应用有限元极限平衡法对重庆生基坪滑坡进行了稳定性分析,并将计算结果与刚体极限平衡法、强度折减法的结果进行对比.结果表明:有限元极限平衡法计算所得的安全系数比刚体极限平衡法的计算结果稍低,与Janbu法计算值的相对差值最小,为0.85%,与Spencer法计算值的相对差值最大,为6.11%;比强度折减法的计算结果稍高;有限元极限平衡法的计算结果介于刚体极限平衡法和强度折减法之间.     

大同圩堤防出险段加固设计

文章介绍了大同圩堤防的出险情况,并采用刚体极限平衡法、有限元法计算了该段堤防的稳定状态,模拟出堤身内力场分布规律和塑性应变范围,提出了可靠的加固措施。     

弹塑性有限元和刚体极限平衡法混合分析土坡稳定

利用弹塑性有限元法分析成果 ,采用刚体极限平衡法分析土坡稳定 ,不仅考虑了土体应力 -应变非线性关系 ,同时能很方便计算土坡稳定的安全系数。避免了刚体极限平衡法单独计算时需要反复试算的过程 ,因而能够发挥有限元和刚体极限平衡法各自的优点     

用屈服线理论分析钢筋混凝土双向板极限承载力

通过分析钢筋混凝土双向板的受力状态和破坏形式,采用塑性力学中的屈服线理论,结合静力平衡法和虚功原理,分析确定了钢筋混凝土双向板的极限承载力计算方法,为双向板限承载力研究和实际工程设计提供了理论依据.     

水平地震作用下阶梯式复杂土层边坡动力响应及稳定性分析

针对一阶梯式复杂土层边坡,采用人工修正的加速度时程作为地震输入条件,引入三量放大系数对土坡坡面质点进行地震时程响应分析,并采用Newmark滑块分析法和有限元动力时程分析法计算其稳定性.计算结果表明,在水平地震波作用下,阶梯式土坡坡面质点的水平位移和水平速度随距坡脚的沿坡面距离的增大而增大,且最大值都出现在坡顶,地震加速度放大系数呈不规则分布,受地震累积效应影响,土坡坡面质点三量响应滞后于地震波谱变化;拟静力法计算的安全系数偏保守,有限元动力时程分析法和Newmark法计算后通过处理的各项安全系数结果相近.     

基于数值应力场的加固边坡临界滑动场

传统的极限平衡法广泛用于边坡稳定性,计算出的边坡安全系数在工程界普遍接受。但边坡加固后的受力较为复杂,由于极限平衡法假设条件较多,加上计算加固边坡安全系数的合理性受到质疑,所以较多地采用数值分析方法,但数值分析法不易获取工程意义上的安全系数。为此,利用数值分析法计算加固边坡应力分布,再利用临界滑动场理论搜索基于数值应力的临界滑面和计算最小安全系数。通过两种常用边坡加固方式（锚杆框格梁加固和抗滑桩加固）的分析,说明本方法在加固边坡分析中的优势和适用性。     

基于流固耦合的重力坝深层抗滑稳定离散元分析

在计算节理和断层时,基于连续介质力学的有限元法和假设岩体为刚性体的刚体极限平衡法有其内在的缺陷,在重力坝深层抗滑稳定的计算中遇到较大的困难,而离散元方法可以解决这些问题.采用离散元强度储备系数法分析了重力坝的深层抗滑稳定,其中考虑了渗流与变形的耦合效应,得到了坝体在降强前后的应力位移规律,给出了抗滑稳定安全系数和最终的破坏滑动模式.通过对关键点部位的应力及位移变化情况的记录,更清楚的了解坝体的变形情况和受力特点,而后将考虑流固耦合与不考虑耦合作用的结果进行了对比,考虑耦合的计算结果较小,其值偏于安全.最后通过与刚体极限平衡等K法计算结果进行了比较,采用流固耦合方法的计算结果与等K法结果比较接近,而其该方法物理概念明确,可以采用其方法计算重力坝深层抗滑稳定问题.     

地震作用下土质边坡永久位移分析的能量方法

边坡的永久佗移可以为边坡工程的抗震设计和坡体稳定性判识提供有力的依据,为了提出一种计算永久位移的新方法并使计算结果相对准确,论文基于塑性极限分析的上限定理,推导了潜在滑坡体的正、反向临界加速度,探讨了滑动面倾角和竖向加速度对临界加速度的影响;利用能量守恒原理,建立了地震作用下滑坡体系的能量反应方程,探讨了地震时滑坡体系中能量的传递、转化和耗散过程;定义了边坡的临界输入功率,推导了基于能量法的边坡永久位移计算公式,分析了莺力势能降对永久位移的贡献.研究表明:当滑动面倾角较小,且地震加速度较大或坡体自身稳定性较差时,反向位移不容忽略;考虑竖向加速度后临界加速度成为一个随时间变化的临界加速度时程;全面考虑正、反向临界加速度和竖向加速度的影响,可使永久位移的计算结果相对准确;地震对滑坡主要产生触发作用,边坡的永久位移量主要由重力势能降决定.     

Upper bound seismic rotational stability analysis of gravity retaining walls considering embedment depth

Stability analysis of gravity retaining wall was currently based on the assumption that the wall had no embedment depth. The effect of earth berm was usually neglected. The present work highlighted the importance of embedment depth when assessing the seismic stability of gravity retaining walls with the pattern of pure rotation. In the framework of upper bound theorem of limit analysis, pseudo-static method was applied into two groups of parallel rigid soil slices methods in order to account for the effect of embedment depth on evaluating the critical acceleration of wall-soil system. The present analytical solution is identical to the results obtained from using limit equilibrium method, and the two methods are based on different theory backgrounds. Parameter analysis indicates that the critical acceleration increases slowly when the ratio of the embedment depth to the total height of the wall is from 0 to 0.15 and increases drastically when the ratio exceeds 0.15.     

结构动力学逐步积分算法稳定性讨论

美国著名计算结构力学专家、地震工程专家Ray W Clough和Anil K Chopra分别写有在全世界范围内有很大影响的专著《DYNAMICS OF STRUCTURES》.两部著作在关于逐步积分算法的论述中都曾指出加速度由当前位移和速度代入运动方程求解将能得到更好的结果.但这一点存在可商榷之处,为避免读者误用,从算法的稳定性出发,经分析指出:专著观点应用于Newmark法增量格式时确实使得算法的谱半径有所减小;然而,应用于Newmark法全量格式时,算法特性并未发生改变,结果得不到改善;此外,书中给出了增量格式Wilsonθ法的推导步骤,按此推导的算法相对于全量格式稳定界限发生了改变——只有当θ≥1.5时算法才是无条件稳定的.如果误将加速度由当前位移和速度代入运动方程求解推广到Wilsonθ法全量格式,算法的稳定性将变得非常差.     

Limit equilibrium method for slope stability based on assumed stress on slip surface

In the limit equilibrium framework, two- and three-dimensional slope stabilities can be solved according to the overall force and moment equilibrium conditions of a sliding body. In this work, based on Mohr-Coulomb(M-C) strength criterion and the initial normal stress without considering the inter-slice(or inter-column) forces, the normal and shear stresses on the slip surface are assumed using some dimensionless variables, and these variables have the same numbers with the force and moment equilibrium equations of a sliding body to establish easily the linear equation groups for solving them. After these variables are determined, the normal stresses, shear stresses, and slope safety factor are also obtained using the stresses assumptions and M-C strength criterion. In the case of a three-dimensional slope stability analysis, three calculation methods, namely, a non-strict method, quasi-strict method, and strict method, can be obtained by satisfying different force and moment equilibrium conditions. Results of the comparison in the classic two- and three-dimensional slope examples show that the slope safety factors calculated using the current method and the other limit equilibrium methods are approximately equal to each other, indicating the feasibility of the current method; further, the following conclusions are obtained: 1) The current method better amends the initial normal and shear stresses acting on the slip surface, and has the identical results with using simplified Bishop method, Spencer method, and Morgenstern-Price(M-P) method; however, the stress curve of the current method is smoother than that obtained using the three abovementioned methods. 2) The current method is suitable for analyzing the two- and three-dimensional slope stability. 3) In the three-dimensional asymmetric sliding body, the non-strict method yields safer solutions, and the results of the quasi-strict method are relatively reasonable and close to those of the strict method, indicating that the quasi-strict method can be used to obtain a reliable slope safety factor.     

Seismic stability and permanent displacement of landfill along liners

The three-part wedge limit equilibrium method for seismic stability analysis of the landfill along liners is presented. The approximate solutions of the factor of safety and the yield acceleration coefficient are obtained. Parametric studies show that the interface strength of liners, the shear strength of waste and the height of retaining wall can influence the seismic stability of landfill along liners. The density and the shear wave velocity of the field waste are obtained by the borehole investigation and the spectral analysis of surface wave (SASW), respectively. The strain-dependent shear modulus and damping ratio of the artifical waste are obtained by the moderate-scale dynamic triaxial tests. The one-dimensional (1D) equivalent linear dynamic response analysis is used to calculate the horizontal equivalent seismic coefficient-time history of the sliding landfill during earthquake. The seismic permanent displacement of the landfill along liners with different site conditons and heights is evaluated by the Newmark method. The catculated results show that ratio of k _y/k _max, site conditions, the amplitude and frequency content of the bedrock motion can affect the seismic permanent displacement of the landfill along liners in some degree. Finally, the seismic stability and permanent displacements of three expanded configurations of a certain landfill case are analyzed. Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation (Grant No: 50538080) and National Distinguished Young Scientist Foundation of China (Grant No: 50425825)     

基于滑面应力场修正的改进极限平衡法

结合极限平衡条分法和有限元法的各自优点,提出从有限元法的分析结果中提取出滑动面上的应力分布,然后通过转化求得滑动面上的正应力分布,以此正应力作为边坡滑动面上的初始应力。引入两个未知参数对滑动面上的正应力进行修正,把修正后的滑动面正应力带入极限平衡方程组中,经简单迭代计算,求出未知参数和边坡的安全系数。通过对工程实例的稳定性计算,对比分析该方法和其他常用方法的计算结果,验证了该方法的合理性,其计算结果能够真实反映边坡的稳定状态。     

滑坡推力的数值计算方法研究

滑坡推力计算是滑坡治理工程中必不可少的步骤,现行滑坡推力计算方法主要采用传递系数法、刚体极限平衡分析方法等.传递系数法因其概念清晰,计算简便而被广泛使用,但是传递系数法不能正确计算滑面强度相同但是滑体强度不同的滑坡推力,为了较真实的反映滑坡推力,本文提出用快速拉格朗日差分法计算不同滑体参数下滑坡的推力,并以实例加以验证...     

基于可靠性的复合土钉支护基坑稳定性分析

针对预应力锚杆复合土钉支护基坑内部整体稳定的可靠性计算问题,以边坡极限平衡理论与圆弧滑动面法为基础,应用扰动力法建立了基坑内部整体稳定性分析的功能函数与最危险滑动面的计算模型.通过SLP优化法与单形调优法实现了最危险滑动面的优化搜索.以土体的抗剪强度指标作为随机变量,应用AFOSM(2)法计算了基坑内部整体稳定可靠性指...     

三维极限平衡法通用形式的建立及应用

在满足边坡整体力平衡、力矩平衡以及边坡微条柱力平衡的条件下,提出了一个综合各种三维极限平衡法的通用形式,该通用形式包含3个表达式。通过这3个表达式利用已有方法的假定条件就可以得到原方法的表达形式,并将他们解析化,不仅大大降低了传统三维极限平衡法的计算工作量,还使得具体实现各种方法时,编程变得更方便,计算更简便,提高了计算效率。最后,通过经典算例,利用通用形式导出的各种方法的解析形式,分析了滑体宽度、滑面强度参数以及滑面剪切力方向对稳定系数的影响。结果表明,该通用形式是正确有效的。     

Discrete element approach for mine dump stability analysis

Mine overburden dumps have posed significant safety issues in the operations of various unit operations of open pit min-ing especially the external dumps. The external dumps are composed of a mixture of fragmented rocks and loose soil. Their charac-teristic is comparable to heavily discontinuous solid mass. The conventional approach of limit equilibrium methods provide safety factors for the slope but nothing about the stress-strain characteristics of the large dump mass. The designs of dump location and their respective geometry are integrated for the know-how of the stability characteristics of these dumps. The discrete element method uses a circular disk to represent the granular solid mass and their interactions are described by the Newton's third law of motion. The displacement is described by the sliding of the circular disk. This work is focused on the modeling efficiency of the discrete element methods to represent the behaviour of mine dump masses with the specified joint plane for the limit equilibrium method. The advantage of the work lies on the ease of information retrieval at any point at the dump mass concerning the stress and strain histories, displacement, failures etc. which when integrated produces a better understanding of the stability of the dump masses.