敏捷导弹直接侧向力与气动力复合控制策略

针对直接侧向力与气动力复合控制的敏捷导弹,提出了一种基于自抗扰控制方法和动态控制分配技术的复合控制策略。根据导弹纵向动力学模型设计自抗扰控制器,得到建立导弹攻角所需的期望控制力矩。采用动态控制分配将期望控制力矩映射到空气舵和固体脉冲发动机阵列,从而实现导弹对攻角指令的快速精确跟踪。自抗扰控制器具有对模型参数变化和外部扰动不敏感的特性,适用于敏捷导弹侧向喷流气动干扰较大的情形。动态控制分配技术则可以综合考虑执行机构的动态特性和饱和约束对期望控制力矩进行合理分配。仿真结果表明,本文提出的复合控制策略可以快速跟踪攻角指令,适用于敏捷导弹直接侧向力与气动力复合控制系统设计。     

寻的导弹的变结构比例导引律

设计寻的导弹稳定控制回路 ,证明修正的变结构比例导引律能够用于被动寻的导弹系统 ,并比较变结构比例导引律和比例导引律在寻的导弹中的应用效果 .采用角速率反馈和线加速度反馈可提高自动驾驶仪的稳定性和鲁棒性 ,通过寻的导弹攻击坦克和直升机的计算机数学仿真 ,对比两种导引律 .弹体的阻尼性能和稳定性能提高 ,修正的变结构比例导引律与比例导引律相比 ,显著降低了导弹末段过载 ,使弹道平直 ,并减少了脱靶量 .变结构比例导引律也适合被动寻的导弹系统 ,特别适合攻击直升机     

迎面拦截变结构导引律及其应用研究

基于变结构控制理论,提出了一种迎面拦截目标的变结构导引律,用于水下防御.该导引律在引入理想的视线角基础上,在理论上不仅能保证脱靶量为零,而且能同时达到迎面拦截目标的目的.应用研究表明,该导引律不仅具有很好的鲁棒性,而且具有脱靶量小、拦截时间短的优点.     

侧窗探测自适应制导研究

为增强配置侧窗导引头的导弹的探测和跟踪目标的能力,在比例导引的基础上提出了一种随导弹速度前置角变化的自适应比例导引,随后在自适应比例导引的基础上通过引入目标加速度补偿项得到了一种针对目标机动的自适应增广比例导引,通过研究这两种制导律的脱靶量和导弹速度前置角范围,得到了侧窗探测条件下制导律的适用范围,最后基于导引弹道仿真与传统比例导引和平行接近法进行了仿真比较。仿真结果表明,侧窗探测条件下自适应比例导引和自适应增广比例导引有效且适用范围更广。     

具有随机输入的非线性制导系统的统计分析方法

概述随着现代武器的发展,对战术导弹(如地—空导弹、反坦克导弹等)的制导系统的性能要求愈来愈高。为此,要求有一个精确的分析计算制导系统性能的有效方法。当代制导系统毫无例外的都存在着明显的随机输入(如探测系统的测量噪音,目标的随机机动等等)和非线性(如存在非线性部件、导弹加速度饱和等等),对这样制导系统性能的分析计算,就是对系统性能进行统计分析,其主要的工作就是对制导系统进行脱靶量计算,通过对计算结果的分析,找出制导系统主要参数与脱靶量之间的关系,以提出提高制导系统性能的方向。要完成这项工作,显然用传统的控制理论分析方法是无能为力的。     

直驱式电液伺服系统压力流量复合控制

为实现直驱式电液伺服系统优化的压力流量复合控制,建立了直驱式电液伺服系统流量和压力控制的数学模型。提出基于压力差切换参数的恒压力限流量控制方式。并在此基础上对压力流量切换控制方式进行修正。这种复合控制在满足系统稳定性的前提下,极大地提高了系统响应特性。实验结果表明,通过合理的积分及死区调节,两种控制方式均可使压力流量平稳切换,系统对执行机构及负载参数变化的敏感性降低,系统响应性能得到提高。这些结果证实所提出方法的效果。     

红外成像空空导弹多模制导技术研究

通过对几种现存制导规律特点的讨论，分析了每种制导规律各自的局限性，并在此基础上提出了导弹多模制导这一技术。通过数字仿真，初步证实了多模制导的技术可行性。结果表明，多模制导对控制导弹攻击大机动目标－９ｇ较比例导引有更小的脱靶量和更平滑的弹道。     

具有角度和时间约束的导弹最优全弹道设计

文章针对导弹非线性运动学方程,基于变结构与最优控制原理,设计了具有角度和时间约束的导弹最优全弹道。初制导阶段利用变结构控制原理设计了纵向和侧向通道的控制,中制导阶段对导弹非线性运动学方程进行了变换,无需线性化处理,利用最优控制中的极小值原理解算设计出了在具有时间和角度约束情况下的制导律,该制导律可以将目标导引到预定位置并同时满足角度和时间约束,对于多弹齐射研究具有重要意义,末制导阶段将导弹和目标的速度投影到视线坐标系中,建立弹目相对运动模型,解算出弹目运动关系,采用改进的三维比例导引律进行制导。全弹道仿真结果表明,所设计的最优弹道在给定约束条件下,能够精确击中目标,满足性能指标要求。     

驾束制导导弹一体化制导控制系统设计

针对驾束制导导弹,运用超扭曲二阶滑模控制理论,提出了一种一体化制导控制系统设计方法.通过联立制导回路与弹体动力学方程,建立了一体化制导控制回路的四阶状态方程.运用该状态方程的转移矩阵,重新定义了零能脱靶量(ZEM),使其不再需要估计剩余时间,并将此作为滑模切换面,设计了一体化超扭曲二阶滑模制导控制系统.通过对目标的拦截仿真,结果表明制导线偏差可在有限时间内收敛到零,从而验证了该一体化设计方法的有效性.通过与传统制导控制分开设计法作仿真比较,证明了该方法的优越性.     

便携式防空导弹初始段复合控制的研究

针对某型便携式导弹,研究了其初始段侧向推力与空气动力的复合控制。首先介绍了自旋导弹控制力产生机理,建立了引入侧向推力后的动力学模型,设计了相应的控制方法,并对其进行了仿真。仿真结果表明引入侧向推力后的控制效果与加前置量的效果相近,可以达到直瞄的目的。     

Effect of direction error on the miss distance of rolling missiles with x-rudder

Based on the analysis of periodic equivalent control force of rolling missiles with x-rudder, the guidance loop model with direction error is established and the relationship between direction error and miss distance is analyzed. Results show that the miss distance is zero or a constant or infinite, and it is always zero when the real parts of system matrix eigenvalues decided by direction error are both positive values in an ideal system, in which all the lags are neglected. However, the miss distance gradually increases with the increase of the direction error and its variation is small when direction error is not more than 5° in the system, in which seeker lag and missile body lag are considered.     

Optimal Guidance Law to Maximize Terminal Velocity for Missiles with Impact Angle Constraint

In this paper, an optimal guidance law for missiles with impact angle and miss distance constraints is proposed to achieve the maximal terminal velocity. The normal acceleration command that includes the time-varying coefficients is introduced to satisfy the desired impact angle as well as zero miss distance according to the geometric relation and relative motion parameters between missile and target. The problem is formulated as an optimal control problem by defining the angle of velocity error and flight-path angle as state variables and maximizing a performance index of the terminal velocity. The analytical form of the proposed guidance law is obtained as the solution of the optimal control problem combining optimal control theory and numerical value computation method. Nonlinear simulations of various situations demonstrate the performance and feasibility of the proposed optimal guidance law.     

一种变系数比例导引规律

针对经典比例导引规律和最优导引规律的缺点，由蝇追逐行为得到启发，提出了变系数比例导引规律，并以某型空空导弹的大回路模型为对象，进行了大量数字仿真。仿真结果表明，文中所提出的新导引规律脱靶量小、易于工程实现。     

Three-dimensional suboptimal guidance law for fly-over and shoot-down smart ammunition via virtual target

An optimal burst height is required for the fly-over and shoot-down smart ammunition with an EFP warhead at the instant of explosion which brings a special requirement to the miss distance of the terminal guidance law.In this paper,aguidance law based on the virtual target scheme is proposed.First,the practical pursuit-evasion issue between the ammunition and the target with specific miss distance is transformed into a virtual pursuit-evasion problem with zero miss distance.Secondly,a complete three-dimensional pursuit-evasion kinematics model is established without any simplifications.And then,a suboptimal guidance law is designed based on theθ-D method which has constraints of the elevation and azimuth angular velocity of the virtual line of sight(LOS).Finally,in order to verify the performance of the proposed guidance law,three test cases are conducted.Numerical results show that under the proposed terminal guidance law,the smart ammunition not only can fly above the target with an optimal burst height but also have a smaller normal acceleration on the terminal trajectory.     

Key Techniques of Terminal Correction Mortar Projectiles

The operational principle, the impulse force and terminal guidance laws of terminal correction mortar projectiles（TCMP） are researched in this paper, by using the TCMP simulation program, key techniques such as the miss distance influenced by the acting point of impulse force, the impulse force value, the correction threshold, and the number of impulse rockets are researched in this paper. And the dual pulse control scheme is also studied. Simulation results indicate that the best acting point is near the center of gravity, sufficient correction resources are needed, the miss distance is insentive to the correction threshold, increasing the number of impulse rockets properly is beneficial to increase the hit precision, the velocity pursuit guidance law has less miss distance, the change of the attack angle is milder and the transient time becomes less in the dual impulse control scheme. These conclusions are important for choosing parameters and impulse correction schemes designed for TCMP.     

基于神经元的中远程空地导弹制导律

以经典控制的弹体闭环回路作为受控对象,研究了基于神经元的导弹自适应控制器。以整体式冲压发动机超音速空地导弹为算例,进行了末制导段弹道仿真。仿真结果表明所设计的控制规律实时性强、抑制干扰性能好,且结构简单,易于工程实现。     

Time-to-go weighted optimal trajectory shaping guidance law

For maneuvering target,the optimal trajectory shaping guidance law which can simultaneously achieve the designed specifications on miss distance and final impact angle was deduced using optimal control theory based on the time-to-go weighted function.Based on the same cost function,the closed-form solutions of the guidance law were derived when the initial displacement of missile,final impact angle,heading error and target maneuver was introduced into the lag-free guidance system.To validate the closed-form solutions,the simulation of the lag-free system was done and the simulation results exactly matched the closed-form solutions and only when the exponent is greater than zero,the final acceleration approaches to zero.     

纯方位量测下增强可观测性的微分对策制导律

为改善导弹受到干扰或加装被动捷联导引头仅能够完成视线角度或纯方位量测情况下的导弹制导信息估计性能,提出了一种适用于纯方位量测的微分对策制导律。首先,通过对范数型微分对策制导律对策空间的分析,明确了捕获区的制导特性可以用于改进纯方位测量情况下的可观测性的设计思路。其次,在完成纯方位估计器设计的基础上,利用估计均方误差反映估计器可观测性的特性,建立了导弹控制量和可观测性之间的关系。然后在微分对策空间的捕获区域内,进行制导控制指令的选取,保证脱靶量的同时,提升估计器的可观测性能。最后给出了所提出的增强可观测性的制导律的执行流程,并考虑控制系统延迟和外部其他不确定性因素的影响,以及脱靶量控制优先的原则,对零控脱靶量参数和剩余飞行时间参数进行了设计。制导律的设计方法超出了确定性等价原理的框架,实现了滤波和制导律的集成设计。非线性仿真对比表明,采用所提出的制导律,可以获得较好的目标信息估计性能,且具有较高的单发命中概率。     

Extended trajectory shaping guidance law considering a first-order autopilot lag

To satisfy the terminal position and impact angel constraints, an optimal guidance problem was discussed for homing missiles. For a stationary or a slowly moving target on the ground, an extended trajectory shaping guidance law considering a first-order autopilot lag (ETSGL-CFAL) was proposed. To derive the ETSGL-CFAL, a time-to-go-nth power weighted objection function was adopted and three different derivation methods were demonstrated while the Schwartz inequality method was mainly demonstrated. The performance of the ETSGL-CFAL and the ETSGL guidance laws was compared through simulation. Simulation results show that although a first-order autopilot is introduced into the ETSGL-CFAL guidance system, the position miss distance and terminal impact angle error induced by the impact angle is zero for different guidance time.     

Proportional Navigation Guidance Law with Variable Coefficient Gravity Compensation

Based upon a discussion on the merits and limitations of proportional navigation (PN) guidance law in which constant gravity compensation is included as a part, a counterpart having varying compensations, which changes with pitching angle and line-of-sight angle, is substituted. Flight trajectory simulation over a submissile model is conducted, resulting in increased impact angle, shorter miss distance, smaller maximum normal overload and narrower terminal angle of attack.