非高斯噪声下Kalman滤波熵理论算法研究

从一个新的角度结合具体的算法讲述了Kalman滤波器的原理,并对噪声为非高斯情况下结合熵的理论提出了假设,解决了噪声为非高斯情形下的滤波器设计的瓶颈.传统的Kalman滤波器是在噪声为高斯的情形下得出的最优滤波估计,但是现实生活中大多数噪声却是未知的、不确定性并且非高斯的.为了清楚说明熵原理应用于非高斯滤波器的设计结果,运用了数学统计的方法,对比滤波效果,说明了其可行性,证明了这种方法更适应于对噪声情况未知、参数不明确的情况,为研究广义噪声的随机系统提出了一种新的通用的解决途径.     

非高斯噪声驱动的耗散动力系统的信息熵演化

熵在描述随机系统的演变、不稳定性、无序性或混乱程度以及信息传递方面起着重要的作用.本文对非高斯噪声驱动的一类耗散动力系统的信息熵演化进行了研究,文中通过线性变换的方法简化了所研究系统的FPK方程,然后根据Shannon信息熵定义推导出了该耗散动力系统随时间演化信息熵的精确表达式,最后分析了非高斯噪声和系统耗散参数对系统信息熵的影响.     

适用处理非高斯观测噪声的强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器

在高斯噪声条件下,卡尔曼滤波器(KF)能够获得系统状态的一致最小方差线性无偏估计.但当噪声非高斯,KF性能将严重下降.观测噪声非高斯现象在深空探测自主导航中经常遇到,然而现有模型可能存在着精度不高、稳定性不强或者计算复杂度较高的缺点.针对这种现状,本文在传统强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器(STKF)中新息正交原则的基础上,推导了适用处理非高斯观测噪声的强跟踪卡尔曼滤波器(STKFNO),并将其嵌入到无迹卡尔曼滤波(UKF)框架下形成适用处理非线性系统非高斯观测噪声的强跟踪无迹卡尔曼滤波器(STUKFNO).所提出的算法被应用到深空光学自主导航系统中,仿真结果表明所提出的算法能够较好地应对观测噪声的非高斯性.     

非高斯列维噪声激励下非线性系统的Lyapunov指数

研究了非高斯列维噪声作用下非线性系统的渐近线性化方法和Lyapunov指数.利用渐近线性化方法将非线性系统线性化,通过系统的响应轨迹验证了该方法的有效性.通过广义的伊藤法则公式,推导出了列维噪声驱动下Lyapunov指数的一般表达式.给出当参数变化时,非线性系统的随机稳定性分析.     

非高斯噪声下Kalman滤波熵理论算法研究

从一个新的角度结合具体的算法讲述了Kalman滤波器的原理,并对噪声为非高斯情况下结合熵的理论提出了假设,解决了噪声为非高斯情形下的滤波器设计的瓶颈。传统的Kalman滤波器是在噪声为高斯的情形下得出的最优滤波估计,但是现实生活中大多数噪声却是未知的、不确定性并且非高斯的。为了清楚说明熵原理应用于非高斯滤波器的设计结果,运用了数学统计的方法,对比滤波效果,说明了其可行性,证明了这种方法更适应于对噪声情况未知、参数不明确的情况,为研究广义噪声的随机系统提出了一种新的通用的解决途径。     

含指数积分型阻尼和周期激励系统的稳态随机响应分析

运用基于短时高斯逼近的广义胞映射方法,研究了含指数积分型非粘性阻尼和周期激励系统在高斯白噪声作用下的稳态响应.首先介绍了方法的实施过程,并推导了系统的矩方程.然后给出了系统的稳态概率密度函数,分析了阻尼系数和松弛参数对稳态响应的影响,并通过直接Monte Carlo模拟的结果验证了广义胞映射方法的有效性.     

基于高斯–广义双曲混合分布的非线性卡尔曼滤波

本文研究带非平稳厚尾非高斯量测噪声的非线性系统状态估计问题.考虑到广义双曲分布包含多种常见厚尾分布特例,且其混合分布为共轭的广义逆高斯分布,选用广义双曲分布建模厚尾噪声;进而引入伯努利变量构建高斯–广义双曲混合分布来建模非平稳厚尾噪声,并利用该分布的高斯分层结构得到系统的概率模型.随后采用变分贝叶斯方法实现对系统状态以及噪声参数的后验估计,得到针对此类噪声系统的卡尔曼滤波(Kalman filter, KF)框架,现有的几种鲁棒滤波算法均是本文算法的特例.机器人跟踪仿真实验表明,所提算法与同类算法相比具有更好的估计精度和数值稳定性,且对于初始参数具有较好的鲁棒性.     

利用混合卡尔曼滤波的混沌信号盲估计

针对混沌动力学系统时变参数未知的混沌信号,在含有状态噪声的情况下,利用混合卡尔曼滤波提出一种盲估计算法.对未知参数和混沌状态构成的高维状态进行估计,先利用卡尔曼滤波给出线性高斯部分的最优精确估计,剩余部分利用粒子滤波方法给出次优估计,文中详细研究了高斯噪声以及非高斯噪声下的最优重要性函数选取并推导了重要性权重的计算公式,最终基于有效粒子的最小均方误差准则实现了信号的盲估计.仿真结果表明该算法能有效实现含有状态噪声混沌信号的盲估计,并取得了比基本粒子滤波算法更优的性能.     

鲁棒高斯和集合卡尔曼滤波及其在纯角度跟踪中的应用

针对纯角度目标跟踪中量测信息易受异常值和非高斯噪声干扰的问题,提出了一种新的非线性滤波算法–鲁棒高斯和集合卡尔曼滤波(robust Gaussian-sum ensemble Kalman filter,RGSEnKF)算法.首先,采用Huber技术重塑集合卡尔曼滤波的量测更新过程,能够有效地处理量测中的异常值.随后,将改进的集合卡尔曼滤波在高斯和框架下进行扩展,得到RGSEnKF算法,可以进一步解决受非高斯噪声干扰的非线性系统的状态估计问题.此外,新算法中包含距离参数化初始化策略和高斯分量融合策略.前者是为了减小纯角度跟踪中距离信息不可观测的影响,而后者可以避免高斯分量数目随时间不断增长.大量仿真结果验证了新算法的有效性和鲁棒性.     

模态参数辨识在压力开关同步检测中的应用

在介绍压力开关同步时间检测方案的基础上,提出了一种基于Laplace小波匹配的经验模式分解(EMD)模态参数辨识法.以汽车空调用的压力开关作为研究对象,采用锤击激励法和白噪声激励法进行了开关膜片翻转振动识别试验.结果证明:该方法能有效地克服白噪声和脉冲噪声干扰,在多模态混叠和模态密集的情况下仍能准确提取出特征模态参数,...     

手动变速箱rattle噪声的仿真和试验

针对手动变速箱的振动和噪声直接影响整车NVH性能的问题,简述手动变速箱rattle噪声的产生机理,将非承载齿轮敲击过程理解为由离合器、承载齿轮、差速器和车身等组成的扭振系统和非承载齿轮副敲击系统相互作用的结果.用AMESim建立传动系统敲击模型并通过试验验证模型的准确性,重点分析离合器参数(刚度和迟滞阻尼)以及齿轮齿隙对齿轮敲击力的影响.结果表明,利用这些参数对变速箱rattle噪声加以控制可达到预期的效果.     

三阶累积量的语音激活检测方法

在电子与通信系统中,传输信道的噪声都可以看作是加性的高斯随机过程,而高斯随机过程的三阶累积量为零,通信系统中传输的语音信号一般是非高斯信号,基于这个原理提出一种语音激活检测算法。在通信系统的接收端,对于被噪声污染了的语音信号,通过计算接收信号的三阶累积量,得到语音信号的累积量,从而可以区分语音和噪声,达到检测出语音信号的目的。仿真结果表明,在通信系统低信噪比的环境下能有效地检测出语音信号。     

Maximum likelihood neural approximation in presence of additivecolored noise

In many practical situations, the noise samples may be correlated. In this case, the estimation of noise parameters can be used to improve the approximation. Estimation of the noise structure can also be used to find a stopping criterion in constructive neural networks. To avoid overfitting, a network construction procedure must be stopped when residual can be considered as noise. The knowledge on the noise may be used for "whitening" the residual so that a correlation hypothesis test determines if the network growing must be continued or not. In this paper, supposing a Gaussian noise model, we study the problem of multi-output nonlinear regression using MLP when the noise in each output is a correlated autoregressive time series and is spatially correlated with other output noises. We show that the noise parameters can be determined simultaneously with the network weights and used to construct an estimator with a smaller variance, and so to improve the network generalization performance. Moreover, if a constructive procedure is used to build the network, the estimated parameters may be used to stop the procedure.     

An Interacting Multiple Model Approach for State Estimation with Non‐Gaussian Noise Using a Variational Bayesian Method

The conventional interacting multiple models (IMM) approach for a hybrid system under the Gaussian assumption is limited for most real applications due to the noisy measurements often being in the presence of outliers. This paper aims at accommodating the IMM approach to the non‐Gaussian cases where outliers exist. In the proposed IMM algorithm, the Student‐t distribution is used to model the non‐Gaussian measurement noise. At the interaction step, the mixed statistics of the noise parameter under a Bayesian framework are obtained via a Gamma approximation and a recently reported moments matching method. To address the state noise‐coupled intractability in Bayesian filtering, a variational Bayesian method is utilized to approximate the posterior distributions of the noise and state recursively. The proposed algorithm is tested with a maneuvering target tracking example and is shown to be robust to the outliers.     

Identification and prediction of a class of non-Gaussian time-series via transformation

Whereas optimal prediction of Gaussian sequences requires the employment of a linear filter with consistently identifiable parameters and with Gaussian white noise input, the optimal predictor of non-Gaussian sequences is n nonlinear filter, having an independent noise input. Since the latter cannot be identified directly without prior knowledge of the non-linearity, the optimal linear predictor is usually identified where a non-Gaussian white noise input is considered and which is fully optimal only when that input turns out to be independent in all moments. However, if the non-Gaussian sequence is the outcome of a Gaussian sequence passed through a zero memory non-linearity or through non-linear measurement elements, a transformation of the non-Gaussian sequence into a Gaussian one is possible, such that optimal non-linear prediction may be approximated to any required degree, as is shown by the analysis of the present work. Furthermore, the parameters of that predictor may be consistently identified in the absence of any parameter information.     

随机平均原理研究若干进展

本文介绍了随机平均原理的研究现状和发展趋势,探讨了基于非高斯列维噪声、分数高斯噪声、Markov切换的随机复杂动力学系统随机平均原理研究中的若干问题及进展.     

Updating response sensitivity models of nonlinear vibrating structures using particle filters

The problem of updating response gradients with respect to chosen system parameters based on spatially sparse measurements is considered. The measurement noise and imperfections in mathematical modeling are treated as Gaussian white noise processes. The system states are augmented by response gradients with respect to system parameters and an extended set of equations in the state space is formulated. These equations are cast in the form of Ito’s stochastic differential equations and measured data are assimilated into this model using Monte Carlo based Bayesian filtering tools. Illustrative examples include a few low dimensional dynamical systems with cubic and hereditary nonlinearities.     

Filtering of systems with nonlinear measurements with an application to target tracking

This paper studies the problem of recursive state estimation of stochastic linear systems with nonlinear measurements. The main idea is to rewrite the measurement map in a linear form by considering, as system output, a vector of “virtual” measurements. The result is a linear system with a non‐Gaussian and nonstationary output noise. State estimation is therefore obtained using a Kalman filter or, alternatively, a quadratic filter, suitably designed for non‐Gaussian systems. This work provides two sufficient conditions for the application of the virtual measurement approach and shows its effectiveness in the case of the maneuvering target tracking problem.     

Directionlet-based method using the Gaussian mixture prior to SAR image despeckling

In this article, a new denoising algorithm is proposed based on the directionlet transform and the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimation. The detailed directionlet coefficients of the logarithmically transformed noise-free image are considered to be Gaussian mixture probability density functions (PDFs) with zero means, and the speckle noise in the directionlet domain is modelled as additive noise with a Gaussian distribution. Then, we develop a Bayesian MAP estimator using these assumed prior distributions. Because the estimator that is the solution of the MAP equation is a function of the parameters of the assumed mixture PDF models, the expectation-maximization (EM) algorithm is also utilized to estimate the parameters, including weight factors and variances. Finally, the noise-free SAR image is restored from the estimated coefficients yielded by the MAP estimator. Experimental results show that the directionlet-based MAP method can be successfully applied to images and real synthetic aperture radar images to denoise speckle.