可重构模块化蛇形机器人研制及多运动模态研究

蛇形机器人通过改变自身的形状可以在复杂的地形环境中有效地运动,然而传统的一体化设计面临着任务搜救效率低、机器人本体维修困难、机体灵活性差等挑战性问题.针对这些问题,本文研制了新一代可重构模块化蛇形机器人并研究了相应的多模态运动方法.具体而言,新型蛇形机器人可以由任意多个模块通过连接机构重构而成,每个模块都是集成了驱动、控制、通信、电源于一体的可独立运动的单元,模块之间的连接机构采用新型的便于切换的勾爪-插销机构.另外,本文针对该可重构模块化蛇形机器人进行了多模态运动方法研究,具体包括轮式机器人运动模态、平面蜿蜒模态、侧向蜿蜒模态、行波模态、攀爬模态、自主拆分模态等,并具体分析了攀爬运动及单模块转弯运动的性能.最后,基于自主研发的可重构模块化蛇形机器人样机对每种运动模态进行了实验验证.     

可重构模块化机器人研究

可重构模块化机器人是机器人学的一个新的发展方向,其研究的核心和基础问题是可重构机器人的模块设计以及模块组合的运动规划。设计了一种新型可重构模块化机器人,该机器人具有独特的平面连接机构,实现了结构、驱动、运动和功能的模块化,能够根据需要重新构形,完成实时任务。分别介绍了模块单元的机械结构设计、连接机构以及基于CAN总线的控制系统结构。构建了基于OpenGL技术和VC++开发平台的机器人仿真实验系统,仿真机器人构形和运动,验证了模块设计的正确性和整体运动构形规划方法的有效性。     

可重构数控系统模块化设计的研制与开发

传统的数控系统相对独立彼此封闭,不同的数控厂家开发的软硬件不能互相替换,缺乏兼容性,阻碍了数控系统的升级换代,造成了人力,物力和财力的巨大浪费,同时也阻碍了数控机床生产对市场和用户的快速响应能力,为了解决这一问题,本提出可重构数控系统模型,以Windows和PC机为软,硬件平台,在组件对象模型（COM）基础上,初步实现数控系统软硬件模块的可重构。     

模块化可重构履带式微小型机器人的研究

研制了一种模块化可重构履带式微小型机器人．单个微小型机器人可以独立运行,多个微小型机器人可以重构成链形机器人和环形机器人．微小型机器人结构紧凑、体积小、重量轻．采用了微控制器和PC机两级控制体系,两级间采用蓝牙通讯．实验结果验证链形机器人具有较强的越障能力,能爬越楼梯;环形机器人具有高速及路面适应能力强的特点．     

可重构模块化机器人现状和发展

由于市场全球化的竞争,机器人的应用范围要求越来越广,而每种机器人的构形仅能 适应一定的有限范围,因此机器人的柔性不能满足市场变化的要求,解决这一问题的方法就 是开发可重构机器人系统．本文介绍了可重构机器人的发展状况,分析了可重构机器人的研 究内容和发展方向．     

模块化可重构机器人动力学研究进展

模块化可重构机器人由于其构型多变,运动形式丰富等特点,可以在非结构化环境或未知环境中执行任务,在最近几年迅速成为机器人研究领域的前沿和热点. 模块化可重构机器人在军事、医疗、教育等众多工程领域具有广泛的应用前景,其典型代表包括仿生多足模块化机器人、模块化可重构机械臂、晶格式模块化机器人等. 模块化可重构机器人丰富的构型设计、多样的连接特征、不断拓展的应用范围,给动力学建模与控制带来了很多挑战和机遇. 本文首先阐述了模块化可重构机器人的研究背景和意义,并概述了其构型分类与设计、构型描述与运动学建模方法.随后,本文系统回顾了模块化可重构机器人动力学研究中相关问题的最新进展,包括：(1)系统整体动力学建模;(2)结合面以及对接机构动力学建模;(3)基于动力学模型的控制方法. 本文最后提出了模块化可重构机器人动力学研究中若干值得关注的问题.     

模块化机器人拓扑重构规划研究

模块化可重构机器人由若干个相同的机器人模块组合装配而成,能够重构成不同的几何形态和结构,从而适应不同的作业任务要求。本论文主要对树状拓扑结构的模块化机器人的重构规划问题进行了研究,定义了构型重构的基本概念,提出了分支重构规划算法。这类模块化可重构机器人可以用树状拓扑结构图来描述。机器人的拓扑结构从自由树转化为有根树,然后分解为若干个分支结构,并按一定顺序排列,通过对各个分支结构的逐步比较和操作,完成重构过程。最后选定模块数目,进行了重构规划过程的仿真计算。结果表明,文中所述算法对于树状拓扑结构的模块化机器人的重构规划问题是有效的。     

一种新的树型可重构机器人

本文提出一种新的具有树型结构的可重构机器人模型.首先研究了这种树型可重构机器人的模型及结构变化.接着研究了树型机器人的结构表征及运动学、动力学关系,这是研究树型可重构机器人的基础.然后研究了树型可重构机器人结构变化的表征,给出了一个结构变化阵和一个辅助的结构变化阵来表征其结构变化.最后建立了树型可重构机器人的运动学和动力学方程.     

基于机器人的可重构装配系统

本文分析了市场全球化给企业带来的挑战和机遇 ,提出了基于机器人的可重构装配系统 .在分析国外在可重构制造领域的研究状况的基础上 ,提出了基于机器人可重构装配系统的设计内容和方法 ,并提出了可重构装配系统今后需研究的方向     

机器人系统的操作能力与树型可重构的机器人研究

本文从机器人关节力矩和末端夹力的受限情况出发，提出了一个操作能力的概念，研究了单机器人和多机器人系统的操作能力，以此为依据，进一步讨论了作者提出的树型可重构机器人，这种机器人可以通过变化自身结构来改变其操作能力，以适应任务的变化，通过一个仿真实例说明了这种树型可重构机器人的有效性。     

Center-configuration selection technique for the reconfigurable modular robot

The reconfigurable modular robot has an enormous amount of configurations to adapt to various environments and tasks. It greatly increases the complexity of configuration research in that the possible configuration number of the reconfigurable modular robot grows exponentially with the increase of module number. Being the initial configuration or the basic configuration of the reconfigurable robot, the center-configuration plays a crucial role in system’s actual applications. In this paper, a novel center-configuration selection technique has been proposed for reconfigurable modular robots. Based on the similarities between configurations’ transformation and graph theory, configuration network has been applied in the modeling and analyzing of these configurations. Configuration adjacency matrix, reconfirmation cost matrix, and center-configuration coefficient have been defined for the configuration network correspondingly. Being similar to the center-location problem, the center configuration has been selected according to the largest center-configuration coefficient. As an example of the reconfigurable robotic system, AMOEBA-I, a three-module reconfigurable robot with nine configurations which was developed in Shenyang Institute of Automation (SIA), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), has been introduced briefly. According to the numerical simulation result, the center-configuration coefficients for these nine configurations have been calculated and compared to validate this technique. Lastly, a center-configuration selection example is provided with consideration of the adjacent configurations. The center-configuration selection technique proposed in this paper is also available to other reconfigurable modular robots. Supported in part by the National High-Technology 863 Program (Grant No. 2001AA422360), the Chinese Academy of Sciences Advanced Manufacturing Technology R&D Base Fund (Grant Nos. A050104 and F050108), and the GUCAS-BHP Billiton Scholarship     

基于模块的动态可重构系统设计

可重构计算是介于通用处理器和ASIC之间的全新计算解决方案,是一种即保留了硬件计算的速度性能,又兼具软件编程情况灵活性的算法实现方式.介绍了基于模块的动态可重构系统设计方法和模块间的通信方式.实现了基于单片Xilinx Virtex-Ⅱ Pro FPGA片上动态自重构系统,可在系统运行时以较短的时间开销灵活加载所需的重构功能模块,充分体现了可重构计算的性能与速度的优势.     

基于遗传算法的可重构系统软硬件划分

在考虑动态部分重构及重构延时等特征的基础上,采用遗传算法及其与爬山算法的融合实现可重构系统软硬件任务的划分,并采用动态优先级调度算法进行划分结果的评价。实验表明,在可重构系统的资源约束等条件下,算法能够有效地实现应用任务图到可重构系统的时空映射。     

Network-based reconfiguration routes for a self-reconfigurable robot

This paper presents a network-based analysis approach for the reconfiguration problem of a self-reconfigurable robot. The self-reconfigurable modular robot named ＂AMOEBA-I＂ has nine kinds of non-isomorphic configurations that consist of a configuration network. Each configuration of the robot is defined to be a node in the weighted and directed configuration network. The transformation from one configuration to another is represented by a directed path with nonnegative weight. Graph theory is applied in the reconfiguration analysis, where reconfiguration route, reconfigurable matrix and route matrix are defined according to the topological information of these configurations. Algorithms in graph theory have been used in enumerating the available reconfiguration routes and deciding the best reconfiguration route. Numerical analysis and experimental simulation results prove the validity of the approach proposed in this paper. And it is potentially suitable for other self-reconfigurable robots＇ configuration control and reconfiguration planning.     

Planning of collision-free paths for a reconfigurable dual manipulator equipped mobile robot

In this paper, we study the problem of finding a collision-free path for a mobile robot which possesses manipulators. The task of the robot is to carry a polygonal object from a starting point to a destination point in a possibly culttered environment. In most of the existing research on robot path planning, a mobile robot is approximated by a fixed shape, i.e., a circle or a polygon. In our task planner, the robot is allowed to change configurations for avoiding collision. This path planner operates using two algorithms: the collision-free feasible configuration finding algorithm and the collision-free path finding algorithm. The collision-free feasible configuration finding algorithm finds all collision-free feasible configurations for the robot when the position of the carried object is given. The collision-free path finding algorithm generates some candidate paths first and then uses a graph search method to find a collision-free path from all the collision-free feasible configurations along the candidate paths. The proposed algorithms can deal with a cluttered environment and is guaranteed to find a solution if one exists.     

数据加密在可重构系统中的设计

阐述了可重构技术在密集型计算领域的广阔应用前景.基于该技术的数据加密系统兼具了硬件的效率和软件的灵活性,有着重要的理论与实际意义.在可重构系统基础上设计并实现了数据的加密计算.给出了一种通用的加密模块接口的设计方法,用于实现对加密模块的状态控制,并向接口用户提供一个简单易用,与底层实现无关的接口.在XUP开发平台上,用AES和DES数据加密算法进行了功能验证和性能分析,表明该方法行之有效.     

A lattice-type reconfigurable robotic system for achieving gaits of chain-type robots

Traditional lattice-type reconfigurable robots can only achieve the flow-style locomotion with low efficiency. Since gaits of chain-type robots are proved to be efficient and practical, this paper presents a novel lattice distortion approach for lattice-type reconfigurable robots to achieve locomotion gaits of chain-type robots. Using this approach, the robotic system can be actuated by local lattice distortion to move as an ensemble. In this paper, a rule that makes the lattice distortion equivalent to joint rotation is presented firstly. Then, a kind of module structure is designed according to requirements of the lattice distortion. Finally, a motion planning for achieving locomotion is developed, which works well in physics-based simulations of completing a serpentine locomotion gait of a snake-like robot and a tripod gait of a hexapod robot.     

Gunryu III: reconfigurable magnetic wall-climbing robot for decommissioning of nuclear reactor

To perform the decommissioning on the inaccessible area to human workers, the need to develop a wall-climbing robot is increasing. In these wall-climbing robots, high mobility and stability on a surface of walls are most important required features. To achieve both of these features, the new type of arm-equipped reconfigurable multi-modules wall-climbing robot was proposed in this research. The stability and high mobility can be achieved by reconfiguration using attached arm as a connection mechanism. And the robot system composed of two mobile modules and 6DOF manipulator was developed as a proof mechanism. In this robot, for energy efficient and stable mobility at the environment of steel structure, the adsorption method based on magnet was selected and its functionality was confirmed. And, to enable intuitive control, the kinematic solver was developed and verified. Finally, basic experiment of motion test was performed, and it was confirmed that the proposed wall-climbing robot satisfies required functions, such as high mobility and stability.     

受动态约束的谐波传动式可重构模块机器人分散积分滑模控制

针对受外界动态约束的谐波传动式可重构模块机器人轨迹跟踪问题, 提出一种基于关节力矩反馈的分散积分滑模控制方法. 在无力/力矩传感器且存在耦合模型不确定性的条件下即能获得良好的控制品质. 基于谐波传动模型, 仅采用位置测量数据估计关节力矩, 并建立机器人子系统动力学模型. 基于可变增益超螺旋算法(VGSTA) 设 计分散积分滑模控制器, 补偿模型不确定性并削弱控制器抖振. 采用Lyapunov 理论对系统的渐近稳定性进行了证明. 值仿真结果验证了所设计的控制器的优越性.