Sol-gel法制备多孔氧化铝及其对甲醛的吸附研究

采用溶胶凝胶法制备出多孔活性氧化铝,采用XRD、热分析等表征手段进行分析,并且研究了造孔剂添加量对氧化铝吸附性能的影响.用静态吸附法研究了不同工艺方法制备的氧化铝对于甲醛的吸附性能,并与高锰酸钾处理的氧化铝进行了比较,结果表明实验制得的活性氧化铝对甲醛吸附性能较好,添加20%造孔剂制备的多孔氧化铝的吸附性能最好.聚乙烯醇(PVA)作为造孔剂能够起到提高多孔活性氧化铝的吸附性能的作用.     

纤维素基造孔剂对多孔陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响

本研究分别以经过3-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷(APTES)改性的微晶纤维素(MCC)和浆粕纤维作为造孔剂制备高岭土基多孔陶瓷,通过测定孔径分布、显气孔率、断裂挠度和抗弯强度等来探讨两种造孔剂对多孔陶瓷微观结构及力学性能的影响规律。结果表明:(1)以用量10.0wt%以下的改性MCC为造孔剂可以制备出孔径主要分布在0.5~3μm的均匀孔隙结构,而以同样用量的改性浆粕纤维为造孔剂获得的孔隙结构尺寸则为1~8μm;(2)多孔陶瓷的显气孔率会随着改性MCC用量的提高而显著增加,利用20.0wt%的改性MCC可获得54.1%的显气孔比例,而以改性浆粕纤维为造孔剂制备的多孔陶瓷显气孔率提高速率则较慢;(3)以5.0wt%的改性MCC为造孔剂制备所得多孔陶瓷的断裂挠度和三点抗弯强度分别为1.9 mm和21.5 MPa,优于同等条件下以改性浆粕纤维为造孔剂制备的多孔陶瓷。     

造孔剂对高温质子交换膜燃料电池膜电极性能的影响

为提高以ab-PBI为质子交换膜的燃料电池膜电极的性能,以草酸铵、硝酸铵、硫酸铵为造孔剂制备了一系列膜电极。对不添加造孔剂以及添加各种造孔剂对高温膜燃料电池膜电极的电化学性能进行了研究。研究表明,以硝酸铵作为造孔剂,可在催化层中形成最佳的微孔结构,提高膜电极的有效电化学表面积,从而提高该燃料电池的发电性能。     

核壳结构复合材料制备影响因素的研究

以Y型分子筛为核,采用溶胶-凝胶化学合成法制备了具有核壳结构的复合材料,考察了异丙醇、模板剂和硅源等原料因素对复合材料制备的影响.采用XRD、SEM、TEM以及N2物理吸附-脱附等表征手段对复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,异丙醇、模板剂和硅源是影响复合材料制备的重要因素.其中,异丙醇的加入可调节正硅酸乙酯的分解,影响壳层结构的厚度和壳层介孔结构特点;模板剂种类影响了壳层结构的厚度和决定了壳层介孔结构的产生;硅源类型是形成壳层结构的决定性因素,而其用量影响壳层结构的厚度.     

梯度多孔载Ag羟基磷灰石陶瓷的制备和性能研究

本文采用添加造孔剂法制备孔隙呈现梯度分布的多孔载Ag羟基磷灰石(Ag-HA)陶瓷.研究了造孔剂分布、烧结温度和载Ag含量对梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷孔隙度的影响.分析了烧结产物的物相组成和微观形貌,测量了烧结后梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的压缩性能和抗菌性能.研究结果表明:随着中间层造孔剂含量增加,梯度多孔Ag-HA陶瓷的孔隙度...     

载银和有机化蛭石的制备及其抗菌性能

对蛭石钠化处理后,通过离子交换法对蛭石进行载银和有机化插层改性,制备了3种抗菌蛭石。通过抑菌圈和抗菌率实验研究了其抑菌抗菌性能和机理,用热重和X射线衍射分析了改性蛭石的抗菌持久性和层间结构。结果表明:载银、用十六烷基三甲基溴化铵有机改性、载银并有机改性的3种蛭石均对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌具有明显的抑菌圈,对大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌的抗菌率均达到99.9%以上,所制备的抗菌蛭石具有极强的广谱抗菌能力;抗菌蛭石在水中浸泡60 d后仍具有长效抗菌性;有机改性蛭石的层间距由0.99nm可增大到4.33nm,其层间含有大量的有机插层剂,这为制备结构均匀的蛭石/有机复合材料提供了可能。     

核-壳结构木塑复合材料的抗静电及热力学性能研究

为了减弱核-壳结构木塑复合材料(WPC)壳层因高密度聚乙烯(HDPE)的非极性结构而产生的静电效应,降低其表面电阻率,在WPC壳层添加炭黑(CB),运用超高电阻测量仪、万能力学试验机、扫描电子显微镜以及差式扫描量热仪对样品进行检测分析,研究其电学性能、力学性能、微观结构和热力学性质。结果表明,改性处理前,核-壳结构木塑复合材料的表面电阻率约为10~(14)Ω,使用炭黑改性可以有效降低表面电阻率。壳层添加20%的炭黑后,表面电阻率降为10~6Ω。弯曲强度和弯曲模量分别增加21.56%和10.77%,冲击强度也增加26.11%。扫描电子显微镜图表明炭黑的加入会使得HDPE形成一定的片状结构,有助于电子的移动。炭黑的加入可作为HDPE成核剂,降低其熔融状态起始温度和熔融温度,并降低其结晶度。     

核壳结构丙烯酸转移胶的合成及性能研究

以丙烯酸酯为聚合单体,采用多次预乳、分步滴加的种子乳液聚合的方法,合成具有三层结构的丙烯酸酯转移胶。研究了核壳层数、各层单体比例及璃化转变温度、乳化剂、引发剂对乳液性能的影响。结果表明:具有三层核壳结构,内到外单体Tg点分别为15℃-45℃-30℃、单体比例为60∶30∶10,用0.3%的复合乳化剂及0.3%过氧化钾为引发剂时,转移胶具有最佳性能。并采用了TEM透射电镜分析,表明采用分步滴加法合成的乳胶颗粒为三层核壳结构。     

硅藻土掺杂钨渣制备多孔陶粒及其性能研究

为充分利用我国粘土资源和消除排放量巨大的钨渣对环境造成的污染,以硅藻土为基质材料,固体废弃物钨渣为辅料,采用添加造孔剂法制备多孔陶粒材料,研究了造孔剂添加量和烧结温度对其性能的影响。通过X射线衍射仪和扫描电子显微镜等分析技术对试样进行了性能表征。结果表明:随着复合造孔添加量的增加,气孔率、吸水率和粉化率也随之增加,密度则下降。烧结温度的提高则可以有效的降低粉化率,并且多孔陶粒材料的主要物相组成基本不变。而当烧结温度高于1075℃时,气孔率和吸水率会显著下降。造孔剂添加量为40%,烧结温度为1000℃时,可制得粉化率较低、气孔发达的多孔陶粒吸附材料。将在最佳工艺条件下制取的多孔陶粒对氨氮废水进行吸附试验,在300 min时单位吸附量可达1.3 mg/g。     

孔径分布对球形活性炭肌酐和VB_(12)吸附行为的影响

线型酚醛树脂中添加不同的造孔剂 ,制备出 3种孔径分布的酚醛树脂基球形活性炭。考察了它们对血液中有代表性的生理中小分子VB12 和肌酐的吸附行为。结果表明 ,这 3种球形活性炭对肌酐均有良好的吸附性能 ,而对VB12 的吸附性能相差较大 ;比表面积大的试样对肌酐的吸附量大 ,中孔孔容大的试样对VB12 的吸附量大     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。