基于化学激发的钢渣胶凝活性

以钢渣为研究对象,分别用硅酸钠、硫酸钠、碳酸钠、硫酸和醋酸激发钢渣的胶凝活性,依据相关标准测定了7 d和28 d时的活性指数.结果表明,水玻璃、碳酸钠和醋酸可较好地激发钢渣的胶凝活性,水玻璃掺量为1.6%(?)、碳酸钠掺量为2.4%(?)和醋酸浓度为0.10 mol/L时,激发的钢渣胶凝活性最佳.硫酸钠和硫酸对钢渣具有良好的活性激发作用,尤其早期对钢渣活性激发效果更好,硫酸钠掺量为3.2%(?)和硫酸浓度为0.10 mol/L时,激发的钢渣胶凝活性最佳.     

不同激发剂对钢渣活性影响的研究

本文选用水玻璃、氢氧化钠、硫酸钠、硅灰、铝酸钠以及复合激发剂,系统研究了不同类别激发剂对钢渣活性的影响和激发机理.利用SEM和XRD对不同激发剂制备的钢渣胶凝材料水化产物进行了微观表征和矿物相分析,比较了不同龄期活性激发钢渣胶凝材料的抗压强度.结果表明:激发剂能促使钢渣水化产物中水化硅酸钙凝 胶含量增加,促进钙矾石晶体生成,破坏钢渣中玻璃体网络结构,增大钢渣水化浆体的密实度.硅灰作为激发剂对钢渣活性的激发效果最好,制备的水泥试块28 d抗压强度能达15.9 MPa.     

钢渣复合激发剂的实验研究

由于钢渣具有潜在的胶凝性活性,本文采用机械和化学相结合的方法对钢渣的活性进行激发,研究了四种碱性激发剂对钢渣活性影响及变化规律,得到了复合激发剂的最佳组成,对其激发机理进行了探讨,对消除钢渣对环境的危害意义重大.     

钢渣活性激发及其机理的研究进展

钢渣是炼钢时的副产品,具有和水泥熟料相类似的矿物和化学组成,因此具有潜在的活性.本文介绍了目前4种主要的钢渣活性激发方法,即预激发、物理激发、化学激发以及热力学激发.并详细地分析了各种方法的激发机理,及重点阐述了碱激发和酸激发的激发效果.最后做出预测:未来应着重采用物理和化学相结合的方法对钢渣活性进行激发.     

钢渣的活性激发及其应用现状

针对钢渣活性低难以大规模利用的现状,介绍了钢渣的活性来源,活性激发剂,钢渣在建筑领域的应用及对钢渣大宗利用的研究方向。其中,激发剂对钢渣的作用效果直接影响钢渣混凝土的早强,复合激发剂将是研究的重点方向,通过对钢渣活性合理的激发可以使钢渣应用领域增大。     

钢渣安定性与活性激发的研究进展

钢渣是炼钢过程中产生的废渣,高碱度钢渣中含有较多的C3S和C2S,因而具有一定的胶凝活性,可用于生产钢渣水泥.但高碱度钢渣中游离氧化钙含量较高,使钢渣水泥的安定性不良.必须对钢渣进行适当的处理,解决其安定性问题,并通过机械或化学的方法激发其活性.本文对钢渣膨胀的诱因与抑制措施、活性激发等问题进行了详细的探讨.     

硅酸盐水泥对钢渣活性激发的性能研究

试验研究了在硅酸盐水泥体系中通过碱性激发提高钢渣水化活性的方法.研究表明,钢渣掺入量<30%时,硅酸盐水泥对钢渣的活性激发效果最好;复掺矿渣对钢渣活性的激发效果优于粉煤灰,即使掺量为30%时,其早期强度也与相应龄期普通硅酸盐水泥强度持平,而后期强度逐渐超过纯水泥的强度;在普通硅酸盐水泥体系中掺入钢渣可以改善其硬化浆体的性能.     

钢渣-矿渣-粉煤灰复合微粉的活性试验研究

本文首先研究了经物理激发后的低碱度钢渣活性指数,找出低碱度钢渣的适宜粉磨细度;并采用水玻璃、熟石灰、无水石膏三种激发剂对钢渣-矿渣-粉煤灰复合微粉进行了化学激发试验,利用SEM电子显微镜对试样进行了微观结构分析.试验表明:对于低碱度钢渣的适宜物理激发比表面积为400～500 m2/g.化学激发复合微粉时,熟石灰和水玻璃-熟石灰-无水石膏复合激发具有较佳的效果,激发后的复合微粉7 d和28 d活性指数完全满足一级粉的要求.     

电解锰渣热处理制度对转炉钢渣活性激发的影响

利用富含硫酸盐的电解锰渣激发了转炉钢渣的活性,研究了电解锰渣热处理制度对转炉钢渣活性激发的影响,确定了电解锰渣激发转炉钢渣活性的最优热处理制度。     

高岭土对脱硫石膏-钢渣复合材料性能的影响

分析了掺加高岭土对脱硫石膏-钢渣复合材料性能的影响,通过测试脱硫石膏-钢渣复合材料试样的微观结构和性能,探讨了掺加高岭土对脱硫石膏-钢渣复合材料的初凝时间、终凝时间以及力学强度影响规律,提出高岭土作为活性激发剂的作用机理.结果表明:高岭土掺量为3%时可以较好地激发钢渣的活性,提高复合材料的力学性能.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料，介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比，介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序，对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.