工艺条件对高铝粉煤灰制备莫来石性能的影响

以内蒙古中西部地区某电厂煤粉炉高铝粉煤灰为原料,经碱液预脱硅、酸洗除杂活化处理,烧结得到莫来石.研究了不同工艺条件对烧结莫来石产品性能的影响及不同烧结条件下的莫来石产品物相及显微形貌转变规律.实验结果表明,经过预处理后,粉煤灰中的Al2O3含量由47.58wt％提高至65.35wt％,当原料平均粒径为2.89 μm,烧结温度为1600℃,恒温时间为2h时,经预处理后的粉煤灰烧结得到莫来石相含量高、长约10 μm左右的棒状晶体,且理化性能良好,满足相关行业标准要求.     

微硅粉低成本制备莫来石基陶瓷材料

以工业废弃物微硅粉和工业氧化铝为原料,采用原位反应烧结法制备莫来石基陶瓷材料,主要研究了烧结温度对莫来石的形成和莫来石基陶瓷的显微结构和性能的影响.结果 表明:当微硅粉和工业氧化铝的配比为32∶68时,在1550℃下进行烧结,可制得主晶相为莫来石基的陶瓷材料,其抗弯强度为66 MPa,显气孔率为24％,体积密度为2.25 g/cm3.微硅粉中的金属氧化物杂质使制备莫来石的烧结温度降低100℃.     

基于正交实验设计的多孔莫来石复合材料的研究

本文以工业废弃物粉煤灰、当地粘土和工业氧化铝为原料,干压成型后采用固相烧结法制备多孔莫来石材料.为获得材料的最佳制备配方和相关工艺参数,应用混合正交试验法(41 ×24)研究了氧化铝添加量、原料粒径、原材料预处理和烧结温度对合成多孔莫来石复合材料性能的影响.研究结果表明:烧结温度对莫来石性能的影响较大,原料粒径的影响较小.当氧化铝添加量为20wt％,原料粒径为150μm并将原料经过盐酸酸洗处理后,在1200℃下进行烧结,可制得主晶相为莫来石的多孔陶瓷材料,其抗弯强度为44.56 MPa,显气孔率为41.52％,体积密度为1.14 g/cm3及吸水率为36.38％.     

氟化铝添加量对碳化硅/莫来石复合多孔陶瓷性能的影响

本文以碳化硅(SiC)、气相SiO2、纳米Al2O3和AlF3·H2O为原料,制备出了碳化硅/莫来石复合多孔陶瓷,主要研究了AlFa·H2O添加量、烧结温度对多孔陶瓷抗弯强度、气孔率、孔径分布等性能的影响.用SEM、XRD研究了多孔陶瓷的微观形貌和物相组成.结果表明:AlF3·H2O对莫来石的生成有明显的促进作用,1300℃时,添加AlF3·H2O的样品中检测到莫来石相,多孔陶瓷气孔率随AlF3·H2O加入量增加而升高,而抗弯强度随其增高而先增加后减小,AlF3·H2O添加量为4wt％时,多孔陶瓷气孔率为42.8％,抗弯强度为31.1 MPa.     

ZnO对莫来石多孔陶瓷成相及微结构的影响研究

以A12O3和SiO2为原料,掺入不同含量的ZnO,采用高能球磨法与固相烧结法制得了莫来石多孔陶瓷,研究了ZnO含量及烧结温度对莫来石多孔陶瓷相组成、微观形貌、热膨胀性能、体积密度和气孔率的影响.研究结果表明,ZnO对莫来石的相形成和各向异性晶粒生长有着积极作用,ZnO含量为37.5 mol％时,试样中莫来石的成相温度...     

超低密压裂支撑剂的制备及性能研究

以二级铝矾土(65wt％Al2O3)和钾长石为原料,在添加不同含量的白云石的基础上制备了超低密高强的压裂支撑剂,并研究了白云石的添加量对烧成温度和石油压裂支撑剂性能的影响.结果表明:在原料中加入适量的钾长石,不仅可以降低烧结温度,同时还能降低压裂支撑剂的密度;添加白云石能有效降低支撑剂的烧结温度和破碎率,同时白云石和钾长石共同作用,促进了烧结致密化的进行,有利于棒状莫来石的生长发育,从而提高了支撑剂的强度.当白云石的添加量为2wt％,烧结温度为1330 ℃时,所制备的压裂支撑剂性能最优,其体密仅为1.30 g/cm3,52 MPa下的破碎率为4.51wt％.     

高气孔率及低热导率多孔莫来石陶瓷的制备(英文)

采用叔丁醇基凝胶注模工艺制备多孔莫来石陶瓷,研究了固含量和烧结工艺对多孔莫来石陶瓷显微结构、气孔率、气孔尺寸及分布、压缩强度和室温热导率的影响。结果表明,固含量相同时,随着烧结温度的升高,多孔莫来石陶瓷的气孔率不断降低,而抗压强度则不断增加;当固含量为15%、烧结温度为1 350℃时,多孔莫来石陶瓷的气孔率最高为71.7%,平均气孔孔径为3.49μm,而热导率则低至0.103W/(m·K)。通过改变烧结温度和初始固含量可调整多孔莫来石陶瓷的微观结构和性能。     

烧结温度对莫来石多孔陶瓷结构与性能的影响

以含锆硅线石为主要原料,α-Al₂O₃粉为辅料,改性淀粉为造孔剂,原位烧结制备了莫来石多孔陶瓷试样。研究了烧结温度(1 400～1 600℃,间隔50℃)对试样物相组成、显微结构及性能的影响。结果表明：1)随烧结温度的升高,试样中莫来石衍射峰的强度逐渐增强,莫来石晶粒逐渐发育长大,其外观呈现明显的台阶状形貌,符合二维成核生长机制。2)随烧结温度的升高,烧后试样的体积密度呈先减后增趋势,而显气孔率和线变化率的变化趋势则与之相反,常温耐压强度则呈逐渐增大趋势。3)当烧结温度为1 550～1 600℃时,试样综合性能较佳,莫来石晶粒发育长大并致密结合,适于在高温下使用。     

铝质原料对多孔针状莫来石合成的影响

采用铝质原料和粘土为主要原料,通过原位固相反应烧结制备多孔针状莫来石陶瓷材料。利用XRD、SEM、EDS能谱分析等研究了Al(OH)3、γ-Al2O3、α-Al2O3等三种不同铝质原料对制备的针状莫来石多孔材料物相组成、微观结构和微区元素分布的影响。结果表明:不同铝质原料对针状莫来石的形成有着明显影响。在1400℃保温2h烧成后,以Al(OH)3为铝质原料制备的多孔材料中莫来石晶相含量可达88.77%,而采用α-Al2O3和γ-Al2O3时,莫来石晶相含量分别仅为55.65%,76.78%。采用三种不同铝质原料合成的针状莫来石长径比相近,但以Al(OH)3为铝质原料合成的莫来石晶体发育得更充分,且更有利于提高制备的针状莫来石多孔陶瓷的孔隙率和抗弯强度。     

硅粉粒径对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷介电性能的影响

以硅粉为原料,添加质量分数为30%的成孔剂(苯甲酸)球形颗粒,反应烧结制备了气孔率为55%,具有球形宏观孔的低密度多孔氮化硅陶瓷.研究了硅粉粒径对反应烧结多孔氮化硅陶瓷介电性能的影响.结果表明:烧结后样品的介电常数ε'和介电损耗tanδ随着初始硅粉粒径的减小都有明显的降低.平均颗粒尺寸为7μm的硅粉制备的样品的ε'嘬小,约为2.5.原料硅粉的粒径变化将影响反应烧结的反应速率,从而影响反应烧结后样品的生成相和微观结构.随着平均颗粒尺寸的减小,反应烧结后Si3N4相含量增加,Si2ON2相和游离硅含量减少,气孔变小.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。