基于Fluent的亚音速翼型气动特性数值研究

根据Spalart-Allmaras模型建立了NACA0006翼型二维湍流流动模型,并对模型近壁面进行了网格加密处理.利用Fluent软件模拟了NACA0006翼型的二维湍流流动,得到在不同攻角及马赫数下升力系数和阻力系数的变化特性.研究结果表明,在所选攻角范围内,随着攻角的增大,升力系数和阻力系数均逐渐增大;在跨音速区,由于激波的产生,升力系数急剧下降.Fluent为研究翼型气动特性提供了重要参考和依据.     

二维串置翼型气动特性数值分析

采用基于雷诺时均法和k-ω湍流模型,对模型低速下粘性流场进行数值仿真.在不同迎角下,以前后翼总体升阻系数特性和升阻比为参数,对比了前后翼相对安装位置和安装角度两种因素对升阻特性的影响,初步得出其对升阻力特性影响的规律.结果表明,串置翼布局在选定的安装位置和安装角度下,相比于两段单翼升力最高提升37.2％;两翼夹角越大,升力曲线过渡越平缓;串置翼型气动载荷存在传递作用.     

一种风力机专用翼型气动特性的非定常数值模拟

基于N-S控制方程,对NREL的S827翼型进行了非定常数值模拟,得到了雷诺数为2×106时,该翼型在不同攻角下的升力系数和阻力系数曲线以及速度分布图,数值模拟结果与NREL所提供的气动数据吻合良好.同时,在1×105～1×107雷诺数范围内,对0°、6°、10°等攻角下该翼型的升力系数和阻力系数随雷诺数的变化规律进行了数值模拟研究,为工程实际提供了一些有意义的参考.     

翼型超低雷诺数气动特性研究

采用多块格子玻尔兹曼方法(Lattice Boltzmann Method,LBM)研究超低雷诺数下翼型的气动特性。在超低雷诺数下,由于粘性作用十分显著,流动呈现明显的非定常特性,引起前后缘层流分离与再附以及涡脱落现象。结果表明粘性作用改变了翼型的有效攻角与有效弯度,对翼型的气动性能有重要影响。翼型厚度增加明显降低了升阻比,翼型几何弯度的增加可以补偿粘性作用引起的有效弯度的减小,雷诺数的减小会减小翼型的升阻比。     

家燕翅展翼型的气动特性

对家燕滑翔时的后掠形姿态翅翼和完全展开形姿态翅翼进行了三维重构,获取了每种形态下4条不同展弦比的翼型。利用FULENT里的S-A模型对获取的翼型进行了气动特性模拟分析。结果表明:两种姿态下的翅翼最大升阻比攻角范围均在3°～5°,展弦比在35%处的翼型具有最优的气动特性。分析指出:后掠形姿态翅翼展弦比在35%处的翼型前缘半径较小,最大厚度位置靠近后缘且翼型线性曲率变化较慢,是产生较优气动特性的原因。     

襟翼偏转翼伞气动性能数值模拟分析

为研究襟翼偏转对翼伞气动性能的影响,对不同襟翼偏转情况分别建立CFD模型,通过有限体积法进行空间离散并求解RANS方程,模拟翼伞在转向与雀降阶段的气动性能,进而结合最小二乘法进行参数辨识,实现翼伞气动模型的修正.模拟结果表明:襟翼偏转会引起翼伞压强分布改变,失速迎角减小,升阻力系数突增,对翼伞气动性能造成复杂的影响;修正的翼伞气动模型可以较好描述翼伞气动性能与襟翼偏转的变化规律,相比传统气动模型有效地提高了计算精度,为翼伞在转向与雀降阶段的精确建模提供参考.     

三角翼大迎角俯仰运动气动特性数值研究

应用有限体积方法求解三维可压缩雷诺平均N-S方程,对76° 后掠角三角翼作大迎角俯仰运动时的动态气动力系数进行计算,研究三角翼以不同频率进行大迎角俯仰振动和在不同迎角范围内进行俯仰振动的非定常气动力系数变化特征,对减缩频率和振动所在的迎角范围对三角翼动态非定常气动力迟滞特性的影响进行分析.计算结果表明,在三角翼作大迎角俯仰谐振荡过程中,升力、阻力和俯仰力矩系数曲线都形成明显的滞环,且随着减缩频率增加,所产生的迟滞特性明显增强;在同一减缩频率下,三角翼在较大迎角范围内作周期振动时,所表现的迟滞特性明显不同.     

气动喷射数值仿真分析

利用CFD软件Fluent建立数学物理模型,运用欧拉法和拉格朗日方法相结合的计算模型对离散相模型(DPM)进行三维数值模拟。研究当进口处空气速度为60m/s时,不同直径的固体颗粒在喷管外部流场的轨迹和横截面上的分布。仿真得到以下结论:在固体颗粒从喷管喷出后短距离内,固体颗粒大体上呈现圆锥状喷射,喷射的锥角随颗粒的减小而逐步减小;颗粒直径减小时,长轴半径接近短轴半径,逐步过渡为圆形。     

太阳能无人机低雷诺数翼型气动特性研究

以高空低速太阳能无人机翼型研究为背景,对大弯度高升力翼型在一定雷诺数范围内的流动特性进行了研究。采用求解k-kl-w湍流模型的雷诺平均N-S方程有限体积法,对SD7037翼型进行了数值模拟,在排除网格效应影响的基础上,针对较大范围内的低雷诺数复杂流动问题,验证了该湍流模型的适用性与准确性;针对翼型受力特性,分析了气动力随雷诺数变化的趋势;基于典型雷诺数下翼型绕流结构变化,研究了翼型产生高升力的流动特征;通过进一步研究升力非线性特征,揭示了较大迎角下翼型失速特征的流动机理。     

关节式准柔性后缘翼型的气动特性分析

采用面元法研究了翼面压力分布和关节数量之间的关系,同时也研究了后缘偏角、俯仰力矩系数和转轴力矩随着后缘关节数量的变化规律.计算结果表明:后缘的关节数越多,相对偏转角越小,翼型表面曲率的突变程度越低,相应表面的压力趋于平缓;但多关节式后缘无法克服柔性后缘带来的俯仰力矩偏大的问题,而且转轴力矩随着关节数的增加而逐渐增大。     

带后缘附翼的桨叶气动扭转变形特性

针对修正的Greensberg准定常气动理论建立了带后缘附翼的桨叶运动方程.在此基础上,研究了不同的附翼偏角下桨叶扭转角沿着展向的分布规律,同时,也研究了不同的附翼偏转角下桨叶挥舞方向的变形情况.数值结果表明:当附翼偏转角为6°时,桨尖的扭转角为-3.8°;当附翼偏转角为-6°时,桨尖的扭转角为3°.附翼偏转角对桨叶挥舞方向的变形也有很大的影响,当附翼偏转角为6°时,桨尖挥舞位移为0.16R,比附翼无偏转时减少了50.8%.因此,通过后缘附翼的偏转使桨叶产生扭转变形在理论上是可行的.     

Buffeting numerical simulation coupled with aerodynamics and structure based on MDDES

Unsteady effect of seriously separated flow is the main factor of modern aircraft buffeting. So accurate simulation of this complex flow becomes the basis associated with the research of aircraft buffeting. This paper constructs an unsteady numerical simulation method for separation flow based on modified delayed detached eddy simulation (MDDES) method by considering both modern computer resources and the credibility of simulating separation flow. The proposed method is also verified through the simulation of the separated flow by a typical fighter at high angle of attack. And then a robust and efficient technology for deforming mesh is established using radial basis function (RBF) and infinite interpolation method. Moreover, the platform for numerical simulation of buffeting is set up in combination with the structural dynamics equations in the modal space, by which the research of vertical tail buffeting caused by edge vortex is carried out on a fighter at large angle of attack. Through spectrum analysis of time-domain response of pressure pulsation on the location of vortex rupture, the results show that the pulsation frequency of vortex structure with different scales covers the inherent modal frequency of vertical tail structure. Compared to the Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes equations, the MDDES method can distinguish the more detailed and higher frequency small-scale vortex structure. Unlike flutter, displacement acceleration response of each mode in buffeting is dominated by its own mode. There exists strong coupling between the first bending mode and first torsion mode, and it leads to acceleration and large inertia impact of structure, which is the main factor causing structural fatigue. In sum, the obtained results verify the validity of the numerical means and the corresponding methods in the paper.     

Numerical analysis of ice accretion effects at super-cooled large droplet conditions on airfoil aerodynamics

Changes in flow field around NACA23012 airfoil from a clean condition to a super-cooled large droplet (SLD) condition were simulated, and variations in aerodynamic parameters were calculated using FLUENT. In the case of numerical simulation for a clean airfoil, flow field characteristics simulated agreed well with theory analysis, indicating that turbulence models and parameters setting are feasible. Aerodynamic parameters for iced airfoil were calculated using the same method and agreed with those measured test data under the same environment in icing wind tunnels by S. Lee. Conclusion is made that the numerical simulation is valid, and it can be an alternative to study ice accretion effects at the SLD condition on airfoil aerodynamics, leading to reduction in research cycle time and cost.

     

Numerical simulation of gurney flaps lift-enhancement on a low reynolds number airfoil

Two-dimensional steady Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) equations with transition shear stress transport(SST) model were solved to investigate the effects of Gurney flaps on the aerodynamic performance of a low Reynolds number airfoil. This airfoil was designed for flight vehicles operating at 20 km altitude with freestream velocity of 25 m/s. The chord length(C) of this airfoil is 5 m and the corresponding Reynolds number is 7.76×10~5. Gurney flaps with the heights ranging from 0.25%C to3%C were investigated. It has been shown that Gurney flaps can enhance not only the prestall lift but also lift-to-drag ratio in a certain range of angles of attack. Specially, at cruise angle of attack(3°), Gurney flap with the height of 0.5%C.can increase lift-to-drag ratio and lift coefficient by 1.6% and 12.8%, respectively. Furthermore, the mechanisms of Gurney flaps to improve the aerodynamic performance were illustrated by analyzing the surface pressure distribution, streamlines and trailing-edge flow structure for this low Reynolds number airfoil. Specially, distinguished from some other numerical researches, the flow details such as the laminar separation bubble and transition phenomena for low Reynolds number airfoil with Gurney flaps were investigated and it was found that Gurney flaps can delay the transition onset position at small angles of attack(≤2°). However, with the increase of angles of attack, Gurney flaps will promote the boundary layer transition.     

Numerical simulation of aluminum holding furnace with fluid-solid coupled heat transfer

To predict three-dimensional temperature distribution of molten aluminum and its influencing factors inside an industrial aluminum holding furnace, a fluid-solid coupled method was presented. The fluid-solid coupled mathematics models of aluminum holding furnace in the premixed combustion processing were established based on mass conservation, moment conservation, momentum conservation, energy conservation and chemistry species conservation. Computational results agree well with the test data of the typical condition. The maximum combustion temperature is 1 850 K. The average temperature of the molten aluminum is 1 158 K, and the maximum temperature difference is about 240 K. The average temperature increases 0.3 °C while the temperature of combustion air increases 1 °C. The optimal excess air ratio is 1.25–1.30.     

基于合成射流风力机翼型气动特性的数值模拟

在翼型上引入射流,以较小流动干扰对翼型表面绕流进行主动流动控制,从而达到延迟失速、抑制分离、增升减阻的目的.通过数值模拟方法,分析了合成射流中的参数射流偏角、动量系数和无量纲频率对翼型气动特性的影响.结果表明,合理地选择射流参数可以达到抑制翼型流动分离、实现增升减阻的目的,得出了相关参数与翼型特性之间的关系曲线,为下一步射流器的选择与控制提供了一些有意义的帮助.     

下表面射流对翼型气动性能影响的数值模拟

为探索增强小迎角下翼型气动性能的射流控制方法,进而实现无舵飞行控制,在环量控制的启发下,提出在NA-CA0012翼型下表面靠近后缘的位置布置射流(Jet on the lower surface of trailing edge,LSTE jet),并通过分析流动状态与参数变化优化LSTE射流的气动控制效果.首先,采用...     

基于流固耦合的汽车气动特性

传统CFD仿真方法通常只考虑风载荷对汽车气动性能的作用,忽略了车身结构振动与气流之间耦合作用带来的影响,导致计算结果与真实汽车行驶状况存在一定偏差。以1/4标准MIRA模型为研究对象,通过双向显式流固耦合仿真方法将流固耦合效应引入到数值计算中,得到不同工况下的气动力、表面压力、振动频率以及车身姿态角等数据,分析与传统仿真方法在计算结果上的差异,再利用风洞测试技术验证仿真结果的准确性。对比有无耦合仿真及试验结果表明:耦合仿真与试验结果更加吻合,各项数据偏差都在5%以内,从而验证了耦合仿真方法的准确性;随车速增加流固耦合效应影响增大,特别是对气动升力的影响较大,直接影响汽车操纵稳定性,因此在高速时流固耦合效应带来的影响不能忽略。