磁性TiO2空心球的制备及其光催化性能

分别制备Fe3O4和ZnFe2O4粉体并以它们作为磁芯,葡萄糖为模板剂,氟钛酸铵为钛源,通过水热法制备出Fe3O4/C/TiO2和ZnFe2O4/C/TiO2前驱体,煅烧后获得磁性Fe3O4/TiO2和ZnFe2O4/TiO2空心球。采用扫描电子显微镜、X射线衍射仪、X射线光电子能谱仪分析了产物的形貌、结构和化学组成,用振动样品磁强计测试了样品的磁化强度。结果表明,以Fe3O4为磁芯得到的Fe3O4/TiO2空心球的比饱和磁化强度是ZnFe2O4为磁芯得到的ZnFe2O4/TiO2空心球的20倍。以亚甲基蓝溶液为降解模型,考察了磁芯Fe3O4添加量对Fe3O4/TiO2空心球在紫外光下的催化降解能力。结果显示,Fe3O4的添加量对Fe3O4/TiO2空心球的光降解性能影响较小,且Fe3O4/TiO2空心球的紫外光降解能力均比纯TiO2空心球略低,但Fe3O4/TiO2空心球具有在外加磁场下易于回收的优势,具有潜在的应用前景。     

溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO2/硅藻土复合材料及其光催化性能

采用焙烧、酸洗等工艺预处理硅藻土,以改性硅藻土和钛酸丁酯为前驱体,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、FT-IR、TG等手段对其进行分析表征,以甲基橙为降解对象考察其光催化性能。结果表明：硅藻土表面均匀负载着锐钛矿型的二氧化钛,晶粒尺寸为35.76 nm。负载比2∶1、pH为>2～3、焙烧温度500℃制备的TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料的光催化性能最好,热稳定性良好。当TiO₂/硅藻土复合材料投入量为1 g/L,对60 mL(10 mg/L)的甲基橙溶液60 min内的降解率达到92%。     

溶胶凝胶法制备掺杂纳米TiO2粉末及其光催化性能

采用溶胶–凝胶法制备掺锌纳米TiO2粉末、掺氮纳米TiO2粉末以及锌氮共掺纳米TiO2粉末(掺杂量均为1%)。采用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)、透射电镜(TEM)、傅立叶红外光谱测试仪及紫外可见–分光光度计等分析粉末的物相、形貌、光学性能及光催化性能。结果表明:在纳米TiO2粉末中掺锌或氮,既不会改变粉末的晶体结构,也不会产生新相。与纯TiO2粉末相比,掺锌或掺氮后粉末光催化性能更好。但同时掺入锌和氮,反而会降低TiO2粉末的光催化性。在热处理温度为500℃条件下制备的掺氮TiO2粉末光催化活性最高。     

TiO2/C制备及光催化降解性能

以钛酸四丁酯为钛源负载活性炭制备了Ti02/C复合催化剂,从催化剂的用量、循环使用次数以及与P25比较等几个方面分别考察了该复合催化剂的催化降解甲基橙的活性.实验结果表明,Ti02/C复合催化剂提高了催化活性.     

高分子凝胶法制备纳米ZnO/La2O3及光催化性能

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O,AgNO3为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子凝胶法在550℃下制得纳米ZnO/La2O3.通过XRD物相分析,得知沉积稀土氧化物La2O3的ZnO纳米粒子样品的物相均是六方晶系纤锌矿结构;TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,纳米ZnO/La2O3的平均粒径约为26 nm,红外光谱分析高分子的分解程度,在550℃时分解完全.水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在ZnO/La2O3半导体光催化条件下,pH值为9时,能迅速分解,在降解90 min时,次甲基蓝的降解率达到81%.     

凝胶限域制备CdS/SiO2及其光催化产氢性能研究

利用凝胶限域—阴离子交换法制备了CdS/SiO2复合材料,采用XRD、SEM、HRTEM、BET、UV-vis和GC对其结构、物性及可见光催化产氢性能进行了表征,并与水热法及常温沉淀法制备的CdS纳米粒子进行了性能比较。结果表明,利用SiO2凝胶限域制备的CdS粒径为3~7 nm,CdS/SiO2比表面积可达68.99 m^2/g,其吸收带边红移至605 nm。在无助催化剂的条件下,CdS/SiO2的光催化产氢速率达到1925.29μmol/(h·g),分别为水热法及常温沉淀法的47倍和2.3倍,且光催化循环稳定性更优。     

TiO2纳米管阵列涂层的相态和形貌对其光催化活性的影响研究

通过阳极氧化法在金属钛表面制备了TiO2纳米管阵列涂层(TiO2 nanotube array,TNT),并通过改变其形貌和相态探索TNT涂层光催化反应的机理。研究表明TNT涂层光催化降解有机物的机理是依靠光生空穴与氧化剂生成的羟基自由基来氧化有机物中的基团。此外涂层表面的F离子残留量对TNT涂层的光催化性能有一定的影响,F离子残留量越少,纳米管的光催化活性越高,这是由于在光照条件下,带有负电的F离子易于和带正电的光生空穴发生反应,同时由于F离子的残留使纳米管中出现了Ti3+,从而降低了光生电子的数量。低温退火处理条件下,纳米管的形貌基本上没有改变,影响半导体材料性能的主因是相态变化,锐钛矿占主体的混晶结构能够有效促进光生电子-空穴对的分离和传输,从而提高光催化性能。     

纳米TiO2光催化水泥降解甲基橙的研究

光催化剂与建筑材料的结合是光催化领域一个重要的发展方向.文中以添加纳米TiO2的水泥为研究对象,以甲基橙的光催化降解活性为指标,考察了光催化水泥用量、水泥中TiO2的含量、水泥水化龄期以及甲基橙初始浓度对甲基橙降解效果的影响.结果表明,在紫外光照射下,当甲基橙的初始浓度为5 mg/L,光催化水泥用量为3 g/L,水泥中TiO2含量为5%时,光催化效率最高;延长水泥水化龄期,光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能和降解性能均有所下降;提高甲基橙初始浓度,可以增强光催化水泥对甲基橙的吸附性能,当初始浓度达到15 mg/L时,光催化水泥的吸附量可达54.5%.     

石墨烯/TiO2复合材料的制备及其对甲基蓝的降解

光催化降解已成为污水处理领域发展最快的方法。为改善TiO₂的光催化性能,采用溶胶-凝胶法制备石墨烯(GN)/TiO₂复合材料,利用XRD、SEM对样品的微观结构进行表征,研究制备过程中煅烧温度、煅烧时间以及石墨烯含量对GN/TiO₂复合材料光催化性能的影响。结果表明：所制备TiO₂为球状形貌,粒径为70～200 nm,分布在石墨烯的片层和边缘。当煅烧温度为500℃,煅烧时间为20 min,石墨烯含量为5%时对甲基蓝(MB)的光催化降解率最高,为87.21%。此外,研究了GN/TiO₂复合材料对甲基蓝光催化降解的重复利用率,并探讨了光催化机理,结果表明重复使用5次后,对甲基蓝的降解率降低了17.64个百分点。     

Synthesis and Photocatalytic Activity of TiO2/V2O5 Composite Catalyst Doped with Rare Earth Ions

TiO2/V2O5 catalyst doped with rare earth ions was prepared by sol-gel method. Titanium tetrapropoxide and vanadium pentoxide were used as precursor of the composite catalyst and rare earth ions were used as dopant. The crystal phases, crystalline sizes, microstructure, absorption spectra of doped composite catalyst were studied by XRD, EDS, FT-IR and UV-Vis. Photoactivity of the prepared catalyst under ultraviolet irradiation were evaluated by degradation of methyl orange （MO） in aqueous solution. It is shown that the prepared catalyst is composed of anatase and futile. The rare earth ions are highly dispersed in composite catalyst. All the doped catalysts appear higher photocatalytic activity than TiO2/V2O5 catalyst and catalyst doped with Ce^4＋ present the best activity to MO.     

Photocatalytic activity of cerium-doped mesoporous TiO2 coated Fe3O4 magnetic composite under UV and visible light

A novel kind of magnetically separable photocatalyst of cerrium-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide coated magnetite (Ce/MTiO2/ Fe3O4) was prepared and its activities under UV and visible light were reported. The catalysts with Ce/MTiO2 shell and Fe3O4 core were pre-pared by coating photoactive Ce/MTiO2 onto a magnetic Fe3O4 core through the hydrolysis of tetrabutyltitanate (Ti(OBu)4, TBT) with pre-cursors of ammonium ceric nitrate and TBT in the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The MTiO2 shell was for photocatalysis, the Fe3O4 core was for separation by the magnetic field and the doped Ce was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of MTiO2. The morphological, struc-tural and optical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The effect of cerrium-doped content on the photocatalytic activity was studied and the result revealed that 0.5 mol.% Ce/MTiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited highest photoactivity. The photocatalytic activities of obtained photocatalysts under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB, 50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The results showed that the prepared photocatalyst was activated by visible light and used as effective catalyst in photooxi-dation reactions. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the prepared photocatalyst was also confirmed. Moreover, Ce/MTiO2 was tightly bound to Fe3O4 and could be easily recovered from the medium by an external magnetic filed. So, the photocatalyst can be reused without any mass loss. It can therefore be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants.     

钒酸铋/二氧化钛-石墨烯宽光谱复合光催化剂的制备及性能

通过溶剂热法制备了具有可见光光催化活性的BiVO₄/TiO₂-石墨烯复合光催化剂.利用X射线粉末衍射、透射电子显微镜、紫外-可见漫反射光谱和荧光发射光谱对样品进行表征,复合光催化剂的催化活性以模拟太阳光条件下降解水溶液中亚甲基蓝来评价.结果表明：BiVO₄/TiO₂-石墨烯复合光催化剂在530-800 nm的可见光范围具有很强的吸收峰.石墨烯的引入不仅拓宽了光谱响应范围,而且使得BiVO₄和TiO₂粒子均匀地分散在石墨烯薄片上,能快速捕获并迁移电子,有效地提高了光生载流子的分离效率,从而提高其光催化活性.     

Preparation and Photocatalytic Behaviors of Nanoporous Polyoxotungstate-Anatase TiO2 Composites

Nanoporous anatase TiO2 crystalline particles coupled with Keggin or Wells-Dawson unit, H3PW12O40/TiO2 or H6P2W18O62/TiO2, were prepared at a low temperature （200℃ ） using sol-gel method combined with hydrothermal treatment at programmed temperature. The as-prepared composites have uniform anatase phase, and they exhibit both micrand mesoporosities with pore sizes of 0.6 and 4.0 nm, respectively, and their average size is lower than 10 nm. Photocatalytic tests show the composites exhibit relatively higher photocatalytic activities to decompose the organocholorine pesticide hexachlorobenzene（HCB） than anatase TiO2, the starting polyoxotungstates, and EuEOa/TiO2 prepared by using sol-gel method, and this was attributed to （ 1 ） the synergistic effect of photoactive anatase TiO2 with the polyoxotungstate, and （2） the fascinating physical and chemical properties of the porous materials.     

Effect of Ho-doping on photocatalytic activity of nanosized TiO2 catalyst

Ho-doped TiO2 nanoparticles with higher photocatalytic activity were prepared by an acid-catalyzed sol-gel method. The photocatalytic decomposition of methyl orange in aqueous solution was used as a probe reaction to evaluate their photocatalytic activities. The effects of Ho doping on the crystallite sizes, crystal pattern, surface composition, and optical property of the catalysts were investigated by means of techniques such as X-Ray Diffraction （XRD）, Transmission Electron Microscopy （TEM）, Diffuse Reflectance UV-Vis Spectroscopy （UV-Vis DRS）, Fourier Transform Infrared （FT-IR）, and Photo-Luminiscence （PL） spectra. Moreover, the modification mechanism of Ho doping was also discussed. The results showed that Ho doping could inhibit phase transformation from anatase to rntile, suppress the growth of TiO2 grains, cause blue shift of the absorption spectrum edge, accelerate surface hydroxylation, and enhance the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole pairs, which resulted in a significant improvement in the photoreactivity of Ho-doped TiO2. Among them, the Ho-doped TiO2 calcined at 500℃ achieved the highest photocatalytic activity.     

纳米TiO2轧制液对硅钢冷轧性能的影响

分别采用传统冷轧轧制液和纳米TiO₂的冷轧轧制液,对无取向硅钢板进行了四辊冷轧实验.重点研究两种冷轧轧制液的轧制润滑性能和对轧后硅钢薄带表面质量和耐蚀性能的影响.通过场发射电子显微镜和能谱仪对使用两种轧制液轧后得到的硅钢薄带表面形貌和成分进行了分析.给出了轧制液中TiO₂纳米粒子在轧制过程中的抗磨减摩机理.在轧制载荷较高时,纳米TiO₂轧制液具有优良的轧制润滑性能并能显著改善轧后硅钢薄带的表面质量.同时在高载荷作用下,TiO₂纳米粒子被压入硅钢薄带基体,形成一个滑动系来支撑载荷,从而使润滑膜的耐磨性提高.     

RF-PCVD法制备纳米TiO2粒径分布的数值模拟及进料浓度的影响

射频等离子体反应器适用于气相法快速合成高纯纳米微晶.针对小流量TiCl₄氧化合成TiO₂纳米微晶反应体系,在Matlab软件中采用有限差分法,以求解温度场的二阶偏微分方程模拟出反应器内的温度分布.通过将温度场与长大过程动力学方程偶联,沿每条气体流线计算,模拟出最终TiO₂纳米微晶粒径及其粒度分布.不同进料浓度条件下的数值解与实验结果基本吻合.由于流动状态和浓度分布过于理想以及未考虑长大过程中传质因素的影响等,数值解与实验结果还存在一定的差距.     

高炉渣纤维负载SiO_2和TiO_2光催化材料的制备与性能研究

以高炉渣纤维(BFSF)为载体,采用溶胶凝胶法,在BFSF表面先后负载Si O_2和Ti O_2制备Ti O_2/Si O_2/BFSF光催化材料,考察了Si O_2负载,Ti O_2溶胶浸渍次数、煅烧温度和重复利用次数等对材料光催化活性的影响。利用SEM、XRD等测试方法,对所制备样品的显微形貌和相组成进行了表征。以亚甲基蓝(MB)为光降解物,评价样品的光催化活性。试验结果表明,BFSF表面负载Si O_2可以抑制Ti O_2晶粒长大,增加Ti O_2负载量和提高样品的光催化活性。Ti O_2溶胶负载3次,煅烧温度为450℃时,Ti O_2/Si O_2/BFSF光催化材料表面形成均匀密实的锐钛矿型Ti O_2层,样品的光催化活性最好,紫外光照180 min时,亚甲基蓝的降解率为96.1%。Ti O_2/Si O_2/BFSF光催化材料重复利用4次,亚甲基蓝的降解率依然能够达到67%。     

Photocatalytic degradation of imidacloprid by composite catalysts H3PW12O40/La-TiO2

A series of La-doped TiO2 with different mass fractions were prepared by sol-gel method. Composite catalysts H3PW12O40/La-TiO2 with different loading levels were synthesized using impregnation method. The prepared samples were characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis. The Keggin structure of H3PW12O40 (HPW) remained intact on the surface of the composites, they had relatively uniform spherical grains of diameter less than 20 nm. The visible light activity of prepared composites were improved by loading HPW and doping La. The prepared composites were used as photocatalysts in degradation of pesticide imidacloprid. Results revealed that 20%H3PW12O40/0.3%La-TiO2 possessed the best photocatalytic activity. Thus, the degradation conversion of imidacloprid reached 98.17% after 60 min irradiation when 20%H3PW12O40/0.3% La-TiO2 was used as catalysts. The degradation of imidacloprid corresponded with first-order kinetic reaction, and the half life of the degradation of imidacloprid was 9.35 min in the optimal conditions.