水热法温度对合成MoO3亚微米带形貌及其光吸收特性的影响

以分析纯的仲钼酸铵为钼源,分析纯的硝酸为沉淀剂,在酸性反应体系中通过水热法成功地合成了径向尺寸小于500 nm的MoO3亚微米带.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、热场发射扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和紫外可见光的吸收光谱仪(UV-VIS)对试样进行表征,研究结果表明:在水热法体系中不同反应温度下合成试样的物相都是MoO3,随着水热反应温度的升高,合成MoO3的长径比增加.同时,UV-VIS分析可得,随着水热法合成MoO3长径比的增大,获得的MoO3的光吸收能力逐渐是增加的.因此,MoO3长径比的增加是有利于它们光吸收能力的增强.特别是MoO3亚微米带具有良好的光吸收能力.     

水热法制备Bi_4Si_3O_(12)粉体

以B i2O3和S iO2为原料,一定浓度的双氧水为溶剂,采用水热法制备了硅酸铋(B i4S i3O12)粉体。用X射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜分析了合成粉体的相结构和形貌,用单因素实验法研究了反应时间、反应温度以及双氧水浓度对产物物相组成的影响,结果表明,在220℃下反应48 h,H2O2浓度4%~6%的条件下,可以合成微米级的纯相硅酸铋。     

硼酸铜微纳米材料的制备与表征

采用硼酸熔融法,以乙酸铜和硼酸为主要原料,制得了微米级的球状偏硼酸铜;采用水热法,以硝酸铜和硼酸为主要原料,合成了微米级的氧化亚铜和溴化亚铜复合物。通过X射线粉晶衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)等手段对合成产物进行了物相鉴定及形貌分析。     

氧化铜为助熔剂制备硼酸铝晶须

利用H3BO3和Al(OH)3为原材料,CuO为助熔剂制备硼酸铝9Al2O3·2B2O3晶须。经研究发现,试样在1350℃煅烧6h,试样的物相为硼酸铝相。以CuO为助熔剂制备的硼酸铝晶须,其直径较均匀为1～5μm,长度为10μm。     

Ca2+共掺杂LaPO4:Tb3+荧光材料的水热合成与性能

采用水热法合成碱土金属Ca~(2+)共掺杂LaPO_4:Tb~(3+)纳米荧光材料,通过X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、荧光光谱等对所合成样品的物相结构和荧光性能进行分析。研究了反应体系pH值和Ca~(2+)的物质的量掺杂量等对样品物相结构及荧光性能的影响进行分析。结论表明:采用水热法所合成的样品均为纯相的单斜晶系独居石结构,在反应体系pH值=2和Ca~(2+)的掺杂量为5.0%(摩尔分数)的条件下合成的样品荧光效果最好,在545 nm处表现出Tb~(3+)的特征绿光。     

一步水热法制备CuO空心球及其CO氧化性能的研究

一步水热法合成了氧化铜(CuO)空心球,并将其用于CO催化氧化。采用X-射线衍射(XRD)、X-射线光电子能谱(XPS)等表征手段,分析了催化剂的化学组成及表面价态;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了时间、尿素及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP)添加量等制备条件对催化剂形貌结构的影响。结果表明,当三水合硝酸铜量为5 mmol,反应时长为10 h,尿素添加量为90 mmol, PVP的添加量为1 g时,所得空心球CuO-90+1 g PVP的形貌及大小较为均一。由此得到的CuO空心球可在150℃实现CO的完全转化,且有很好的稳定性。     

铝热剂对双基推进剂激光点火特性的影响

用纳米及微米铝粉、纳米氧化铅、纳米氧化铜和纳米三氧化二铋为原料,采用超声分散复合的方法,制备了铝热剂AI/PbO、Al/CuO和Al/Bi2O3.采用XRD、SEM-EDS和FTIR对原料和产物的物相、组成、形貌和结构进行表征;采用CO2激光点火实验方法,研究了含不同铝热剂双基(MIC-DB)推进剂在不同热流密度下的点...     

添加剂对合成CA_6性能和显微结构的影响

为了合成更致密的六铝酸钙材料,以86%(w)的α-Al_2O_3微粉(d_(50)=3.64μm,分析纯)和14%(w)的碳酸钙(d_(50)=5.24μm,分析纯)为原料,聚乙烯醇(PVA)为结合剂,分别外加5%(w)的化学纯TiO_2、Y_2O_3、ZrO_2为添加剂,经配料、混练、成型、烘干后,于1 550℃保温3 h煅烧,研究了不同添加剂对合成CA_6材料体积密度、显气孔率、常温耐压强度、物相组成和显微结构的影响。结果表明:1)在合成CA_6时加入TiO_2添加剂,生成新物相CaTiO_3,有α-Al_2O_3相剩余,能够明显地促进试样的烧结,降低显气孔率,增加体积密度,并且显著增加试样的常温耐压强度;2)在合成CA_6时加入Y_2O_3添加剂,烧后试样的主要物相为CA_6和Al_5Y_3O_(12)。Al_5Y_3O_(12)虽然是高熔点相,但是其对材料的常温物理性能并没有影响。3)在合成CA_6时加入ZrO_2添加剂,烧后试样主要物相为CA_6和ZrO_2相,ZrO_2并没有提高试样的致密性。     

反应温度对溶胶-凝胶法制备CuFeMnO_4光学性能的影响

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了CuFeMnO4复合金属氧化物,用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、紫外-可见-近红外分光光度计(UV-Vis-NIR)对试样的物相结构、微观形貌和光谱吸收性能进行了表征。结果表明,反应温度为50℃和70℃得到的试样含有CuO、Fe2O3和MnO杂质相,这些杂质相不利于试样对光线的吸收。随着反应温度的升高,积分平均吸收率随着下降。在反应温度25℃、pH=6.5、煅烧温度700℃、煅烧时间1 h的工艺条件下制备的CuFeMnO4复合金属氧化物对200~2 500 nm波长范围光线的平均吸收率达88.34%。     

氧化铜为助熔剂制备硼酸铝晶须

利用H3BO3和Al（OH）3为原材料,CuO为助熔剂制备硼酸铝9Al2O3·2B2O3晶须。经研究发现,试样在1350℃煅烧6h,试样的物相为硼酸铝相。以CuO为助熔剂制备的硼酸铝晶须,其直径较均匀为1～5μm,长度为10μm。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。