常压烧结制备AlN-W复合微波衰减材料及其性能研究

以氮化铝、钨为原料,在氮气气氛下,采用无压烧结方式制备了AlN-W复合微波衰减材料.采用扫描电子显微镜、矢量网络分析仪及激光导热仪对样品的微观结构、介电性能及热导率进行测试分析.结果表明:随着烧结温度的增加,AlN-W复合陶瓷的介电常数逐渐增大,介电损耗变化不大.随着烧结助剂添加量的增加,AlN-W复合陶瓷的介电常数和介电损耗相应增大.随着W含量的增加,AlN-W陶瓷的介电常数呈增加的趋势,介电损耗逐渐降低,当W添加量为60％时损耗几乎为零.随着W颗粒粒径的增加,AlN-W复合陶瓷的介电常数变化不大,介电损耗逐渐降低.由此可通过调节烧结温度、衰减剂含量、衰减剂粒径及烧结助剂的添加量,来制备符合实际需要的复合微波衰减材料.1750℃下制备的A1 N-40％W复合陶瓷热导率为91 W/m·K.初步分析了AlN-W复合陶瓷的微波衰减机理.     

AIN-C复相陶瓷热导率影响因素分析

在AIN基相中加入不同的C,采用热压工艺,制备了AIN-C系列微波衰减瓷,通过矢量网络分析仪、SEM、XRD及热导率仪等测试手段系统研究了影响衰减瓷热导率的因素.研究结果表明,复相陶瓷中氧化钛添加物的含量、晶界相分布状态、碳的形貌及分布形式对复相陶瓷的热导率有重要影响.制备出热导率高达116 W/m·K AIN-C(炭黑)的材料,符合微波能量衰减要求.     

密集烤烟房用氧化铝-堇青石换热陶瓷材料的制备

本文以矿物原料制备了氧化铝-堇青石换热陶瓷材料,研究了其密度、抗热震性能和热导率等性能,并将其用于烤烟生产工艺中。研究结果表明,随着温度的提高,样品的热导率也有所提高,烧结收缩率也增大;随着堇青石含量的增加,铝矾土含量的降低,样品热导率先增加后降低,并在堇青石含量为20%,1300℃温度下烧结时达到最大值4.69W/(m·K)。此时样品的密度为2.78g/cm3,抗热震性能良好。     

导热PE-LD复合材料的制备与性能研究

采用低密度聚乙烯(PE-LD)为基体材料,石墨、Al N为导热填充材料,通过双辊混炼、模压制备了导热复合材料,并对该复合材料的导热性能、力学性能、热行为进行了分析。结果表明,随着石墨或Al N含量的增加,PE-LD/石墨复合材料和PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率逐渐增大;PE-LD/石墨复合材料的热导率高于PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率。当石墨与Al N的总质量分数为50%、石墨与Al N的质量比为4∶1时,PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的拉伸强度、弯曲强度均达到最大值,分别为12.8,17.15 MPa;此时PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的热导率达到最大值,为0.618 W/(m·K),略低于添加质量分数50%的石墨时的PE-LD/石墨复合材料的热导率[0.634 W/(m·K)];当石墨与Al N质量比为1∶4时,PE-LD/石墨/Al N复合材料的热导率为0.488 W/(m·K),高于只添加质量分数50%Al N的PE-LD/Al N复合材料的热导率[0.410 W/(m·K)]。当石墨和Al N总质量分数为50%时,随着Al N含量的增加,PE-LD的结晶度增大。     

PDMS/SCF导热复合材料制备工艺对导热性能的影响

采用SCFNA法(即空间限域强制组装法),制备碳纤维质量分数为30%的PDMS/SCF复合材料,并探究了在制备PDMS/SCF导热复合材料过程中,基体与填料混合工艺以及压印过程中的温度对复合材料制品导热性能的影响。研究结果表明,在复合材料制品厚度不变的前提下,当混合转速为2 000 r/min时,随着混合时间由10 min缩短至2 min,复合材料制品的热导率由10.314 W/(m·K)提高至11.188 W/(m·K),提高了8.474%。当混合时间为3 min时,随着混合转速从2 500 r/min降低至1 500 r/min,复合材料制品的热导率由10.140 W/(m·K)提高至10.963 W/(m·K),提高了8.116%。对比不同压印温度对复合材料制品热导率的影响发现,当压印温度在120℃附近时,复合材料制品的导热性能最佳,热导率为11.188 W/(m·K)。控制混合转速、混合时间和压印温度这3个工艺条件能够有效地提高复合材料制品的导热性能。     

改性硅微粉对加成型有机硅灌封胶性能的影响

以甲基乙烯基聚硅氧烷为基料、含氢硅油为交联剂、硅烷偶联剂为填料改性剂、改性硅微粉为导热和补强填料制得加成型有机硅灌封胶。研究了硅烷偶联剂种类、改性硅微粉粒径和用量对有机硅灌封胶性能的影响。结果表明,随着改性硅微粉平均粒径由1μm增大到20μm,有机硅灌封胶的黏度由7 712 mPa·s降至1 520 mPa·s,热导率由0.64 W/(m·K)升至0.73 W/(m·K),拉伸强度由1.70 MPa降至1.60 MPa,拉断伸长率由100%降至45%,沉降物平均质量由8 g增加到61 g;随着改性硅微粉用量从0增加到300份,有机硅灌封胶的黏度从200 mPa·s升至2 501 mPa·s,热导率从0.20 W/(m·K)升至1.05 W/(m·K),拉伸强度升高并趋于稳定,拉断伸长率先升后降;综合考虑,采用γ-氨丙基三乙氧基硅烷作填料改性剂、200份平均粒径10μm的改性硅微粉作导热和补强填料较佳,此时有机硅灌封胶的拉伸强度为1.65 MPa,拉断伸长率为75%,黏度为2 010 mPa·s,热导率为0.65 W/(m·K),沉降物平均质量为35 g。     

TiB2-B4C陶瓷复合材料高压烧结与性能表征

在5.0GPa及1500～2000℃的压力和温度条件下,采用高压烧结的方法制备了B4C含量分别为10％和30％的TiB2-B4C陶瓷复合材料.对TiB2-B4C陶瓷复合材料的物相、显微结构、密度、硬度、热导率、电阻率等进行了分析.结果表明:材料在高压下没有发现化学反应生成新的相;TiB2-B4C陶瓷复合材料具有较高的致密性,没有明显的气孔;TiB2-30％B4C在1800℃下硬度最高,在4.9N载荷下可达27.8GPa,在9.8N载荷下可达24.3GPa;在常温下,热导率可达30.42W/(m·K).     

一锅法制备酚醛基炭气凝胶

炭气凝胶因其优异的隔热性能和耐高温性能，成为热保护系统中的最具潜力的高温隔热材料之一。然而，由于现有炭气凝胶制备工艺复杂、周期过长等因素，限制了其工业化制备及其应用。论文采用一锅法制备酚醛气凝胶、经炭化制得炭气凝胶，与传统法制备的炭气凝胶进行了对比，表征了炭气凝胶的孔结构、微观形貌，考察了固含量对炭气凝胶密度、收缩率的影响及热导率随密度及温度的变化。结果表明，随着固含量的增加，密度逐渐增大，而收缩率基本维持在22%左右，不随固含量的变化而变化，固含量从16%增加到46%时，炭气凝胶的密度从0.15 g/cm³增加到0.58 g/cm³,其中，密度为0.15 g/cm³的炭气凝胶室温下热导率低至0.074 W/(m·K),随着温度升高热导率逐渐增大，1 800℃高温下热导率为0.620 W/(m·K)。一锅法有望成为一种快速、批量、低成本制备炭气凝胶的新技术路径。     

Sm_xCe_(1-x)O_(2-x/2)(x=0.05,0.1,0.15)陶瓷的热物理性能

以Sm_2O_3和Ce(NO_3)·6H_2O为原料,采用溶胶凝胶法和固相烧结法合成了Sm_xCe_(1-x)O_(2-x/2)陶瓷材料。研究了材料的相结构和显微组织,热导率和热膨胀。结果表明:合成的Sm_xCe_(1-x)O_(2-x/2)陶瓷纯净并具有单一的萤石结构。其显微组织致密,晶界清晰。Sm_2O_3掺杂能降低CeO_2的热导率,其1000℃时的热导率在2.2~2.6 W/m·K之间,与氧化钇部分稳定氧化锆的热导率相当;Sm_xCe_(1-x)O_(2-x/2)陶瓷的热膨胀随Sm_2O_3含量的增加而降低,其1200℃时的热膨胀系数大于13×10~(-6)/K。     

导热绝缘PE-LD/PE-g-MAH/h-BN泡沫塑料的制备及性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了一系列导热绝缘的低密度聚乙烯/马来酸酐接枝聚乙烯/六方氮化硼(PE-LD/PE-g-MAH/h-BN新型泡沫塑料,研究了相容剂PE-g-MAH的加入、h-BN含量对PE-LD/PE-g-MAH/h-BN泡沫体系导热性能、绝缘性能、力学性能及热稳定性的影响。结果表明,PE-g-MAH有利于增加PE-LD与h-BN的界面黏结,增强泡沫体系拉伸强度和断裂伸长率,显著提高其热导性能;当h-BN含量为30%时,PE-LD/PE-g-MAH/h-BN泡沫体系的导热率为0.256 W/(m·K),相对于PE-LD/h-BN泡沫体系的0.217 W/(m·K)和纯PE-LD泡沫体系的0.039 W/(m·K),热导率分别提高1.18和6.57倍,同时保持较好的绝缘性和热稳性。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。