钆铈修饰氧化锌的制备及其可见光催化性能研究

以离子液体1-庚基-3-甲基咪唑溴盐([C7mim]Br)为反应介质,采用水热法制备钆铈修饰纳米ZnO光催化剂。通过SEM、TEM、XRD、UV-Vis等手段对所制备的样品的形貌、物相和结构进行表征。结果表明,以离子液体[C7mim]Br为反应介质制备的ZnO与(Gd3+,Ce4+)-ZnO均属纤锌矿结构;钆铈修饰则有效抑制了ZnO晶粒的生长,使得光响应范围发生红移,且增强了ZnO的可见与紫外光区光吸收。以氙灯为光源,有机染料活性艳蓝为目标降解物,考察纳米ZnO及(Gd3+,Ce4+)-ZnO的光催化活性。光催化活性测试显示(Gd3+,Ce4+)-ZnO对活性艳蓝的去除率(92.36%)远高于ZnO(52.49%),Gd3+、Ce4+共修饰能够显著提高ZnO的可见光活性。     

La掺杂钼酸钴花状材料的制备及其降解印刷染料亚甲基蓝的研究

主要对钼酸钴花状结构材料的制备及其降解印刷染料亚甲基蓝展开研究。采用简单易操作的水热法进行钼酸钴花状结构材料和La掺杂的钼酸钴复合材料(La-CoMoO₄)实验制备,运用XRD、SEM、TEM方法对样品进行表征分析,研究了La掺杂对钼酸钴花状结构材料的光催化性能和稳定性的影响。结果表明,实验中制备的La-CoMoO₄呈现均匀的花状结构,无其他杂质峰和杂质元素存在,纯度较高。催化降解有机染料亚甲基蓝的实验结果表明,La掺杂使钼酸钴光催化降解亚甲基蓝的能力得到显著提升,经过40 min降解,染料降解率可以提高到98%,La掺杂同未掺杂相比,提高近25%的降解率,数据表明,光催化活性循环20次后,没有明显衰减,说明La-CoMoO₄具有很好的稳定性,可以重复多次利用。     

La掺杂TiO_2的制备及光催化处理石化二级出水的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了稀土La掺杂TiO_2纳米粉末,利用X射线衍射(XRD),紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-Vis DRS)、透射电镜(TEM)和荧光光谱(PL)等分析方法对所制备样品进行表征;以亚甲基蓝和石化二级出水作为降解对象,研究了La掺杂TiO_2样品的光催化性能。表征结果显示,本实验所制备的TiO_2样品均为锐钛矿晶型;稀土La掺杂可以使样品的晶粒尺寸由25 nm减小为15 nm;同时可改善样品的团聚现象;并可促进样品对可见光的吸收;此外还具有降低电子-空穴的复合,提高TiO_2量子效率的作用。光催化降解亚甲基蓝实验结果显示,当La掺杂含量为0. 50%时,样品的光催化性能最佳;优选0. 50%La-TiO2对石化二级出水进行光催化降解反应,结果显示光催化反应180min时,二级出水中的化学需氧量(COD)和UV254的降解率分别可达55%和70%以上;且经过3次回用后降解率未明显下降,说明本实验所制备的实验样品具有良好稳定的光催化性能,这为光催化深度降解石化二级出水工业应用提供了可能。     

La~(3+)掺杂TiO_2的制备及光催化性能研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了La3+掺杂的TiO2光催化剂(La/Ti原子比分别为1/100,2/100,3/100,4/100和5/100)。用比表面(BET)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、紫外可见漫反射光谱(DRS)和表面光电压谱(SPS)对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征。结果表明,La3+掺杂量为4%(La/Ti原子比)时所制备的TiO2具有最高电子-空穴分离效应。以甲基橙为模拟偶氮染料对所制备光催化剂的脱色性能进行考察,光催化脱色结果显示La3+掺杂量为4%时所制备的TiO2具有最高的光催化活性。     

SrWO4-ZnO复合物的制备及光致发光与光催化性质的研究

采用溶剂热法制备纯的和复合ZnO的SrWO4,利用XRD、TG、PL、ICP和UV-Vis等手段对样品进行表征,研究ZnO含量对SrWO4-ZnO复合物的光致发光及光催化降解次甲基蓝活性的影响.结果表明:适量ZnO的复合引起SrWO4-ZnO复合物PL光谱强度降低,当ZnO复合量为7%时,复合物的PL光谱强度最低,光催化次甲基蓝溶液效率最高.表明复合物的PL光谱与其光催化活性有着一定的联系.     

高分子凝胶法制备纳米ZnO/La2O3及光催化性能

以Zn(CH3COO)2·2H2O,AgNO3为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N'-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子凝胶法在550℃下制得纳米ZnO/La2O3.通过XRD物相分析,得知沉积稀土氧化物La2O3的ZnO纳米粒子样品的物相均是六方晶系纤锌矿结构;TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,纳米ZnO/La2O3的平均粒径约为26 nm,红外光谱分析高分子的分解程度,在550℃时分解完全.水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在ZnO/La2O3半导体光催化条件下,pH值为9时,能迅速分解,在降解90 min时,次甲基蓝的降解率达到81%.     

La~(3+)掺杂WO_3的制备及其光催化分解水活性的研究

研究了不同掺杂量和焙烧温度对La3+掺杂WO3催化材料催化分解水析氧活性的影响,通过XRD检测表征了La3+掺杂WO3的相组成与掺杂量的关系。实验结果表明,400℃条件下制备的0.05%La3+/WO3催化剂的催化活性最高,与未掺杂WO3相比,其光催化析氧速率增加1.44倍。微量La3+的掺杂能够有效提高WO3的光催化活性。La3+的掺杂可以抑制WO3由单斜晶型向六方晶型的转变。     

高分子凝胶法制备纳米ZnO/La2O3及光催化性能

以Zn(CH3COO)2.2H2O,AgNO3为原料,丙烯酰胺为单体,N,N’-亚甲基双丙烯酰胺为网络剂,采用高分子凝胶法在550℃下制得纳米ZnO/La2O3。通过XRD物相分析,得知沉积稀土氧化物La2O3的ZnO纳米粒子样品的物相均是六方晶系纤锌矿结构;TEM形貌观察,粒子基本为球形,纳米ZnO/La2O3的平均粒径约为26 nm,红外光谱分析高分子的分解程度,在550℃时分解完全。水溶液中次甲基蓝染料在ZnO/La2O3半导体光催化条件下,pH值为9时,能迅速分解,在降解90 min时,次甲基蓝的降解率达到81%。     

(BiO)_2CO_3光催化剂的制备及性能

以硝酸铋和碳酸钠为原料在60℃条件下合成次碳酸铋((Bi O)2CO3)光催化剂。以亚甲基蓝、苯酚和甲基橙为光催化反应的模型化合物,考察了(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂在紫外光和可见光下光催化活性;以对苯二甲酸作为探针分子,结合化学荧光技术,研究了(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂表面羟基自由基的生成;添加各种清除剂,探究了(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂起主要催化作用的基团。结果表明:(Bi O)2CO3具有很好的可见光和紫外光光催化活性。紫外光照射下(Bi O)2CO3光催化剂比Ti O2光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性;在紫外光条件下(Bi O)2CO3和Ti O2光催化降解苯酚、甲基橙、亚甲基蓝的活性依次增高,并且,(Bi O)2CO3光催化降解甲基橙和亚甲基蓝的降解率分别达到94.3%,95.6%。可见光条件照射下,各种清除剂对(Bi O)2CO3光催化降解甲基橙的影响表明,反应体系所产生的·OH,h+,·O-2都起着很重要的催化降解作用,其中·O-2起着最主要的作用。     

稀土离子(La3+,Eu3+)掺杂纳米TiO2的光催化性能

采用溶胶-凝胶法制备了Eu^3＋,La^3＋掺杂纳米TiO2粉体,并采用亚甲基蓝为目标降解物考察了稀土掺杂对TiO2光催化活性的影响。实验表明：适量的La^3＋掺杂可以提高TiO2的光催化活性,最佳掺杂浓度为0.3 mol%;La^3＋掺杂后降解反应符合一级反应动力学,H2O2的加入会使其反应速率大大提高;0.25 mol%Eu^3＋掺杂在日光灯下较紫外灯下显示出更好的光催化活性,这可能由于Eu^3＋掺杂导致了TiO2吸收光谱范围的整体红移;通过XRD图谱分析可以看出La^3＋、Eu^3＋掺杂均可以抑制TiO2的晶型转变,减小光催化剂的平均粒径,掺杂后其平均粒径均约为10 nm,TEM结果与XRD大致吻合。     

水热法合成Ag2CO3/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂及其光催化性能

采用水热法合成了一系列不同Ag₂CO₃含量的新型Ag₂CO₃/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂, 运用X射线粉末衍射(XRD)、扫描电镜(SEM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱(UV-vis DRS)等系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征, 并以紫外光(254 nm)为光源, 评价了催化剂光催化降解甲基橙的活性, 考察了不同Ag₂CO₃复合量、不同水热温度对ZnO复合光催化剂反应活性的影响.结果表明, 当Ag₂CO₃含量为2 %、水热温度为140 ℃, 复合光催化剂具有最大的光催化活性, 降解率达到86.31 %.Ag₂CO₃/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性主要原因是复合光催化剂对紫外光有很强的吸收能力, 适量Ag₂CO₃能提高光生电子-空穴对的分离效率, 并改善催化剂的物理性能.      

Photocatalytic activity of cerium-doped mesoporous TiO2 coated Fe3O4 magnetic composite under UV and visible light

A novel kind of magnetically separable photocatalyst of cerrium-doped mesoporous titanium dioxide coated magnetite (Ce/MTiO2/ Fe3O4) was prepared and its activities under UV and visible light were reported. The catalysts with Ce/MTiO2 shell and Fe3O4 core were pre-pared by coating photoactive Ce/MTiO2 onto a magnetic Fe3O4 core through the hydrolysis of tetrabutyltitanate (Ti(OBu)4, TBT) with pre-cursors of ammonium ceric nitrate and TBT in the presence of Fe3O4 particles. The MTiO2 shell was for photocatalysis, the Fe3O4 core was for separation by the magnetic field and the doped Ce was used to enhance the photocatalytic activity of MTiO2. The morphological, struc-tural and optical properties of the prepared samples were characterized by Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) surface area, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy. The effect of cerrium-doped content on the photocatalytic activity was studied and the result revealed that 0.5 mol.% Ce/MTiO2/Fe3O4 exhibited highest photoactivity. The photocatalytic activities of obtained photocatalysts under UV and visible light were estimated by measuring the degradation rate of methylene blue (MB, 50 mg/L) in an aqueous solution. The results showed that the prepared photocatalyst was activated by visible light and used as effective catalyst in photooxi-dation reactions. In addition, the possibility of cyclic usage of the prepared photocatalyst was also confirmed. Moreover, Ce/MTiO2 was tightly bound to Fe3O4 and could be easily recovered from the medium by an external magnetic filed. So, the photocatalyst can be reused without any mass loss. It can therefore be potentially applied for the treatment of water contaminated by organic pollutants.     

水热法合成Ag2C03／ZnO异质结复合光催化剂及其光催化性能

采用水热法合成了一系列不同Ag2CO3含量的新型Ag2CO/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂,运用X射线粉末衍射（XRD）、扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、傅里叶变换红外光谱（FT-IR）、紫外-可见漫反射吸收光谱（UV-visDRS）等系列手段对所制备的光催化剂进行了表征,并以紫外光（254nm）为光源,评价了催化剂光催化降解甲基橙的活性,考察了不同Ag2CO3复合量、不同水热温度对ZnO复合光催化剂反应活性的影响．结果表明．当Ag2CO3含量为2％、水热温度为140℃,复合光催化剂具有最大的光催化活性,降解率达到86．31％．Ag2CO3/ZnO异质结复合光催化剂具有更高的光催化活性主要原因是复合光催化剂对紫外光有很强的吸收能力,适量A龅C03能提高光生电子一空穴对的分离效率,并改善催化剂的物理性能．     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of La~(3+) and Eu~(3+) co-doped TiO_2 nanoparticles: photo-assisted degradation of methylene blue

Rare earth ions La3+ and Eu3+ co-doped TiO2 photocatalyst (La-Eu/TiO2) was prepared by sol-gel method, and characterized by various techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), specific surface area and porosity (BET and BJH), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The photocatalytic activity of the La-Eu/TiO2 was evaluated by the degradation of methylene blue (MB) ...     

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of Fe3O4@SiO2@ZnO:La

In this study, Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres were successfully prepared. The microspheres have the advantages of both ZnO doped with La and the Fe₃O₄@SiO₂ structure such that the former improves the photocatalytic activity of ZnO and the latter can be reused. The X-ray diffraction (XRD), a field emission scanning electron microscope (SEM), a field emission transmission electron microscope (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres. Methyl orange was used as the model molecule to study the effect of the Zn²⁺ concentration and the doping amount of La on the photocatalytic activity of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres. Results show that in the synthesis of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres, photocatalytic activity of the microspheres is enhanced first and weakened later with the increase of Zn²⁺ concentration. In the La doping process, the photocatalytic activity of Fe₃O₄@SiO₂@ZnO:La microspheres is enhanced with the increase in the La doping amount. The magnetic photocatalysts not only have high photocatalytic activity, but also can be reused. After being reused five times, the photocatalyst's degradation rate of methyl orange is still as high as 81%, which shows that magnetic photocatalysts have prospective wider applications in photocatalytic degradation of dye wastewater.     

Enhanced visible-light photocatalytic activity of samarium-doped zinc oxide nanostructures

In the present work,we have synthesized samarium doped zinc oxide nanostructures(Zn_(1-x)Sm_xO;x=0.00,0.02,0.04 and 0.06) via chemical precipitation method and studied their structural,morphological,optical and photocatalytic properties.X-ray diffraction(XRD) patterns,PL and Raman spectra results indicate that the undoped and Sm-doped ZnO nanostructures are crystallized in a hexagonal wurtzite structure.FESEM images show that the morphology of the sample changes from cubical to hexagonal nanostructures with increase in Sm~(3+)doping concentration.The EDX spectra confirm the incorporation of Sm~(3+)ion in ZnO.The influence of Sm~(3+)doping on the structure,morphology,absorption,emission and photocatalytic activity of ZnO nanostructures were investigated systematically.The addition of Sm~(3+)ion leads to a red shift in the optical energy band gap from 3.19 to 2.67 eV and hence,increases the visible light absorption ability.The presence of E_2(H) and E_1(LO) modes in microRaman spectra confirms the crystallinity and defects in the samples.The detailed photocatalytic experiments reveal that Sm-doped ZnO nanostructures show the maximum photodegradation efficiency for Methylene blue(MB) dye for x=0.04,i,e.,94.94%,under visible light irradiation.The photocatalytic efficiency improves by 6.98 times when ZnO is doped with rare earth metal ion(Sm~(3+)) and is a potential candidate for practical applications.The investigation demonstrates that as-synthesized nano-sized photocatalysts act as an efficient photocatalyst for the degradation of MB dye.     

稀土上转光剂(Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+)复合TiO2光催化剂的制备及其催化性能的研究

采用溶胶-凝胶法、高温煅烧法和超声分散法制备了Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+/TiO2复合光催化剂,并对制备的样品进行了XRD和SEM表征。利用次甲基蓝水溶液模拟有机污染水,对比了单一TiO2,上转光剂Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+以及Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+/TiO2复合光催化剂的催化活性。同时讨论了煅烧温度、煅烧时间、光照射时间、光照强度以及光催化剂用量等因素对光催化剂性能的影响。结果表明,煅烧温度为550℃、煅烧时间为90 min,照射时间为150 min,光照强度为1.0 mW/cm2和催化剂的量为1.00 g/L时,Y3Al5O12∶Er^3+/TiO2复合光催化剂降解次甲基蓝表现出了最佳的催化效果。     

A stable and efficient La-doped MIL-53(Al)/ZnO photocatalyst for sulfamethazine degradation

Photocatalytic technology can solve various environmental pollution problems, especially antibiotic pollution. A novel La-doped MIL-53(Al)/ZnO composite material was successfully synthesized by a combination of hydrothermal method and calcination, showing high photocatalytic degradation percent of sulfamethazine (SMT). The 2 mol% La MIL-53(Al)/ZnO photocatalyst shows the highest degradation efficiency toward SMT (92%) within 120 min, which is 4.1 times higher than pure ZnO (increased from 18% to 92%). In addition, the degradation analysis of SMT by high performance liquid chromatography proves that the products are CO₂ and H₂O. The improved photocatalytic activity is mostly caused by the following factors. (1) Doping La ions can decrease the band gap of ZnO, enhance light response, and effectively enhance the separation rate of photo-generated holes and electrons. (2) MIL-53(Al) can adsorb SMT and promote the separation of electron. This work shows that the synthesized La-doped MIL-53(Al)/ZnO photocatalyst is expected to be used as a green and effective method for treatment of environment water pollution.     

Preparation and performance research of Ce-TiO2/KL ball photocatalysts

The Ce-TiO2/KL （diatomite） ball photocatalyst was prepared and characterized based on the pretreated diatomite. The resuits showed that comparing with the crude diatomite, proper pretreatment could significantly improve its SiO2 purity and specific surface area. The surface of diatomite was clear with uniform pore structure and big pore size. With diatomite ball as carder, the supported Ce-TiO2/KL ball photocatalyst was prepared by sol-gel method. The photocatalytic performances of the supported Ce-TiO2/ KL ball and Ce-TiO2/KL powder photocatalysts under various preparation conditions were studied in view of photocatalytic degrada- tion rate of Rhodamine B （Rh B） solution. The degradation rate of the ball photocatalysts for Rh B reached 94.6% and could be reused for many times, which showed much better photocatalytic performance and stability than powder photocatalysts.     

Visible-Light Excitated Photocatalytic Activity of Rare Earth Metal-Ion-Doped Titania

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