VO2薄膜相变及其温度滞后

以攀钢产V2O5为原料，采用无机胶体法制备电阻突变VO2薄膜，研究了VO2薄膜的电阻突变温度、突变数量级及其突变温度滞后. 结果表明，VO2薄膜相变温度为35℃，制备方法和衬底材质对VO2薄膜的电阻突变数量级有较大影响. 以普通玻璃和石英玻璃作衬底、用H2还原法，可使VO2薄膜的电阻突变达到2~3个数量级，用N2热分解法仅能达到1.5~2个数量级；普通玻璃衬底上VO2薄膜的电阻突变数量级小于石英玻璃衬底上的VO2薄膜的电阻突变数量级. VO2薄膜的电阻突变温度滞后为1~6℃，电阻突变数量级、衬底材质和制备方法对其有较大影响.     

二氧化钒薄膜制备研究的最新进展

VO2在68℃附近发生从高温金属相到低温半导体相的突变,且相变可逆。由于相变前后其电、磁、光性能有较大的变化,使得它在光电开关材料、存储介质、气敏传感器和智能玻璃等方面有着广泛的应用。然而由于VO2稳定存在的组分范围狭窄,使得制备高纯度VO2薄膜较为困难。为此人们做了很多工作来研究VO2薄膜的制备。本文综述了2000年以来VO2薄膜制备方法的研究情况,比较了各种制备方法对薄膜性能的影响,介绍了VO2薄膜研究的最新研究进展,并为扩大其应用领域而探讨了今后的研究方向。     

退火真空度与氧化钒薄膜物相的相关性

以高纯五氧化二钒(V2O5)粉末(纯度≥99.99%,质量分数)为原料,用真空蒸发工艺制备出氧化钒薄膜,并测试其在真空退火前、后的X射线光电子能谱、X射线衍射谱及电阻-温度关系曲线.结果显示:低真空退火对氧化钒薄膜的还原性比高真空退火的强.但是,在高真空退火下得到的氧化钒薄膜的晶粒尺寸要比在低真空下退火的大.随退火温度升高,高真空下退火制备的薄膜经历了从VO2(B)到V02(B)与V6O13混合,再到V6O13的转变过程,B表示薄膜无热致相变特性.低真空下退火制备的薄膜经历了从VO2(B)到VO2(A)的转变,A表示薄膜有热致相变特性.这些薄膜的电学性质也有很大不同.     

热致变色V02薄膜的制备及研究进展

VO2作为一种最有应用潜力的功能材料,在智能窗等许多领域发挥着非常重要的作用.V02是一种热致变色材料,相变温度为68℃,相变前后VO2光学性能有较大的变化.详细介绍YVO2薄膜的各种制备方法;同时,分析了降低VO2薄膜相变温度及提高VO2薄膜可见光透过率的方法,并综述了其应用领域.     

VO2薄膜的制备技术及应用研究

VO2作为一种最有应用潜力的功能材料,在智能窗等许多领域发挥着非常重要的作用。VO2是一种热致变色材料,相变温度为68℃,相变前后VO2光学性能有较大的变化。本文详细介绍了VO2薄膜的各种制备方法,同时分析了降低VO2薄膜相变温度及提高VO2薄膜可见光透过率的方法,并综述了其应用领域。     

FeS2光电薄膜的研究现状和趋势

黄铁矿(pyrite)结构的FeS2具有合适禁带宽度和较高光吸收系数等优良的光电特性,并且其组成元素储量丰富、环保,使得FeS2薄膜作为太阳能吸收材料在太阳能电池等光电材料方面有很广阔的应用前景.本文介绍了FeS2薄膜的制备方法以及影响其光电特性的因素,综述了这种优良的太阳能电池材料在研究中的问题和研究趋势.     

类金刚石薄膜和金刚石薄膜的最新制备技术与各种特性

类金刚石薄膜等硬质碳膜具有许多优异特性,其开发研究已引起人们的极大关注.文章就类金刚石薄膜和金刚石薄膜的最新制备方法与各种特性进行了解说.     

VO2薄膜智能玻璃的研究进展

从建筑节能的角度,概述了几种节能玻璃的特点,提出了新型VO2镀膜玻璃的智能化特性,并阐述了近年来对VO2薄膜的主要研究工作以及今后的努力方向.     

沉积条件对SiO2光子晶体表面形貌的影响

自组装制备是一种常用的三维光子晶体制备方法,在制备光子晶体过程中影响薄膜质量的因素较多.本研究对原始的双基片垂直沉积法进行了一定的改进,控制光照强弱、蒸发速度快慢等条件,沉积了不同的SiO2光子晶体薄膜样品.通过与单基片垂直沉积法得到的薄膜样品进行比较,得到了双基片垂直沉积法沉积光子晶体薄膜样品的最优实验条件.     

VO2相变温度及性能的影响因素与应用研究进展

二氧化钒（VO2）作为一种相变金属氧化物，相变温度为68℃。在68℃以下VO2呈绝缘单斜相，在68℃以上呈金红石相，由于这种晶体结构的变化导致VO2在光性能和电性能方面表现出可逆的突变，从而成为光电开关领域的宠儿。基于此，本文对VO2的制备方法及其调控VO2相变温度与性能所采取的主要手段进行了综述，并归纳了不同制备方法的优缺点及调控VO2相变温度与性能的因素，总结了近年来VO2的应用进展，最后对VO2今后的发展趋势进行了展望，期望对相关领域的研究者具有指导作用。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Novel polyurethane coating technology through glycidyl carbamate chemistry

Glycidyl carbamate chemistry combines the excellent properties of polyurethanes with the crosslinking chemistry of epoxy resins. Glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers were synthesized by the reaction of polyfunctional isocyanate oligomers and glycidol. The oligomers were formulated into coatings with several amine functional crosslinkers at varying stoichiometric ratios and cured at different temperatures. Properties such as solvent resistance, hardness, and impact resistance were dependent on the composition and cure conditions. Most coatings had an excellent combination of properties. Studies were carried out to determine the kinetics of the curing reaction of the glycidyl carbamate functional oligomers with multifunctional and model amines. Detailed kinetic analysis of the curing reactions was also undertaken. The results indicated that the glycidyl carbamate functional group is more reactive than a glycidyl ether group. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, on October 27–29, 2004, in Chicago, IL.     

Highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating prepared via facile sol-gel process

A highly moisture-proof polysilsesquioxane coating was obtained from a new bis-silylated precursor, which was synthesized from 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES) and m-xylylene diisocyanate (m-XDI) in tetrahydrofuran (THF) and verified by ¹H MAS NMR. For direct comparison purposes, an SiO₂ coating was also prepared by the Stöber method using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS) as the reactant. Interestingly, the coating obtained from the polysilsesquioxane sol exhibited a much higher moisture resistance capability than its counterpart, which was attributed to its more compact feature between nanoparticles as characterized by N₂ absorption experiment and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Furthermore, its high transparency of about 92% showed potential for application in the protection of optical crystals.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.