广西贵港三水软铝矿制备聚合金属盐混凝剂的研究

以难以利用的贵港高铁三水铝矿制备了2种高效复合混凝剂：聚合氯化铁铝（PAFC）和聚硅氯化铁铝（PSFAC）,为该矿石的规模开发提供了一条路子。     

复配聚硅硫酸盐混凝剂对藻类污水絮凝效果的研究

以硅酸钠、硫酸铝和硫酸铁为原料,采用复合共聚法制备出聚硅硫酸铝(PASS)和聚硅硫酸铁(PFSS),分别以聚硅硫酸铝、聚硅硫酸铁和两者与天然粘土的复配为混凝剂,观察净化处理后的藻类污水颜色的变化以及对溶液浊度、耗氧量(COD)的测定,考察4种混凝剂对藻类污水絮凝效果的优异.结果表明:复配后的混凝剂对藻类污水的絮凝效果明显要好于单组分的混凝剂,其中以聚硅硫酸铝与粘土复配所产生的絮凝效果最佳.     

聚合铝硅复合混凝剂的制备与性能研究

以聚合氯化铝（PAC）和水玻璃为原料采用复合共聚的方法成功地研制了达到商品化浓度、高效稳定的聚合氯化铝硅（PASC）复合混凝剂。对制备PASC工艺中聚硅酸（PSA）的浓度、pH值、聚合活化时间、聚合氯化铝盐基度等工艺参数进行了选择与优化;并对PASC和PAC进行了长江水的混凝性能实验,结果表明PASC具有更优异的混凝性能：采用显微电泳实验和超滤实验对PASC混凝剂的混凝机理进行了初步探讨。     

电石渣-硅酸钠-硫酸铝混凝剂的制备及其处理造纸废水的应用研究

利用工业废弃电石渣作为原料,按一定比例与硅酸钠、硫酸铝加以混合,制备成一种无机高分子复合混凝剂(PACSS),对废水中的有机物进行去除.本实验考查了不同的硅酸活化pH值、缩聚反应时间、SiO2％质量分数,钙硅比等因素对合成PACSS的影响.实验结果表明,在硅酸活化pH值为2,SiO2％质量分数为6％,钙硅比为0.5,缩聚反应时间为1.5h,制备出的混凝剂对造纸废水中的色度、有机物都要较好的去除效果,去除率可以达到93.8％,88.6％.     

聚硅硫酸铁的制备及对生猪养殖废水磷酸盐去除的研究

为了解决生猪养殖污水磷排放量超标问题，制备了一种高效混凝剂聚硅硫酸铁，并开展对生猪养殖废水中磷酸盐的去除研究。实验分别制备聚合硫酸铁和聚硅酸并将其按不同物质的量比例混合制备聚硅硫酸铁，探究了混凝剂种类、混凝剂投加量、助凝剂投加量以及pH值对生猪养殖废水中磷酸盐去除率的影响。结果表明：Si/Fe物质的量比为0.6的聚硅硫酸铁的混凝效果最佳，当聚硅硫酸铁投加量为30 mL/L,助凝剂投加量为25 mL/L,初始pH值为8时，磷酸盐去除效果最佳，去除率达99.4%。本研究结果对实现生猪养殖废水中磷酸盐的高效去除和污水的达标排放具有重要的现实意义。     

改性硅藻土处理垃圾渗滤液的研究

改性硅藻土和PAC进行复配制备成复合混凝剂,用于垃圾渗滤液的预处理。结果表明,复合混凝剂中PAC含量80%,投加量3 g/L的最佳条件下,COD的去除率可达68.1%,并可显著提高渗滤液的可生化性;色度去除率达到90%,同时对氨氮、重金属都有一定的去除效果,具有一定的工程应用价值。     

煤矸石基混凝剂在制革废水处理中的应用

用煤矸石及硫铁矿烧渣作原料制备了-种高效复合混凝剂聚硅酸铝铁(PSAF),并将其用于制革废水的处理.结果表明:在pH 6～9范围内,PSAF混凝剂对废水有较好的处理效果.在常温、pH7～8、PSAF混凝剂用量为70mg/L条件下,S2-、SS、CODCr和Cr3 的去除率分别为90.4%、87.5%、84.5%和80.6%;温度对CODCr去除率的影响不大;与传统混凝剂Al2(SO4)3和FeCl3相比,PSAF混凝剂具有混凝沉降速度快、处理废水后水中残余量低、处理废水费用低等特点.文中还探讨了混凝剂对制革废水的混凝沉降机理.     

硅藻土复合吸附剂对水中氨氮的吸附性能研究

以硅藻土为原料,通过引入钢渣复合的方法制备硅藻土复合吸附剂,采用X射线衍射(XRD)、付立叶变换红外光谱(FTIR)、扫面电镜(SEM)和能谱分析(EDS)对其表征,并且对氨氮吸附过程中的动力学性能和热力学性能进行了研究.研究结果显示,硅藻土复合吸附剂中可能有新的晶相和新的基团生成;硅藻土和钢渣中的金属物质相互作用形成了无机硅酸盐聚合物,硅藻土复合吸附剂中钙、镁、铝、铁等金属元素的含量有所增加.准二级动力学模型更适合描述氨氮在硅藻土复合吸附剂上吸附行为.硅藻土复合吸附剂吸附氨氮的热力学参数(△G°、△H°和△S°)表明,硅藻土复合吸附剂对氨氮的吸附是自发进行的,而且是一个吸热过程,其表观活化能Ea接近40kJ/mol,说明物理吸附与化学吸附同时存在于该吸附过程中,且以物理吸附为主.     

多孔硅藻土支撑芒硝基相变储能材料制备及其性能表征

采用真空浸渍法制备出一种改性硅藻土/芒硝基复合相变储能材料.在该复合材料中,以蔗糖为碳源,按比例与多孔硅藻土混合后,在氮气气氛下煅烧,使之在多孔硅藻土表面发生原位碳化以增强其导热性.采用真空浸渍法与芒硝、十水碳酸钠复合制备硅藻土支撑的芒硝基相变储能材料,利用SEM、DSC、FTIR、Hot Disk等测试了材料微观形貌、热性能、过冷度、稳定性及导热系数.结果表明,蔗糖在多孔硅藻土表面碳化可以显著提高多孔硅藻土的导热性能,当蔗糖添加量为5wt％时,硅藻土颗粒结构未受到破坏,此时导热系数为0.7985 W/(m·K),相较于未添加蔗糖碳化的硅藻土提高46％;复合相变储能材料中水合盐负载量为60％;制得的复合相变储能材料的融化温度和结晶温度分别为18.3℃和16℃,相变过程放热量为74.43 J/g,相较于纯相变储能材料有所降低;复合相变储能材料中硅藻土可有效延长相变储能材料使用寿命,经100次循环试验后,相变焓为71.22 J/g,降低4.5％,循环稳定性较好.     

固废基无机高分子混凝剂研究进展及改进途径

无机高分子复合型混凝剂具有优越的絮凝能力,但目前于基于固废资源化利用制备无机高分子复合混凝剂的相关研究缺乏系统性。本文介绍了三类固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂的制备工艺、性质特点,简述了其在水处理领域的应用、作用机理及存在的问题,并结合新型无机高分子复合混凝剂的研究进展,分析了固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂的发展方向。根据已有结果,文中指出需要从固废原料的化学组成,建立全面的固废资源,优化不同来源固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂的制备工艺;其次指出应进行混凝剂的物耗、能耗等技术经济分析,促进其规模化生产使用;并提出对污泥固废应进行循环资源化利用,关注制备过程中产生的无机盐,避免对水质的不良影响;最后表明,应加强混凝剂功能化研究,开发具有协同效应的固废基无机高分子复合混凝剂。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。