高聚物非等温结晶过程的Monte Carlo法模拟

采用Monte Cado方法模拟高聚物非等温结晶过程，获得PET试样在从熔体降温过程中相对结晶度随时间的变化曲线．通过Monte Carlo方法模拟曲线与DSC实验值的对比，发现通过调整结晶的起始温度和晶核数目可以使模拟曲线与实验值具有很好的一致性，表明所建模型正确，并为获取体系中晶核的数目和结晶起始温度奠定了基础。     

纳米二氧化钛粒子对聚乳酸非等温结晶过程的影响

首先采用溶胶凝胶法制备纳米二氧化钛粒子(TiO2),然后采用溶液共混的方法将纳米TiO2粒子与聚乳酸(PLA)共混,在平整的玻璃皿上流延,待溶剂挥发后形成TiO2/PLA材料。采用同步差示扫描量热法(DSC)对样品的非等温结晶过程进行测试分析,采用Jeziorny方法和莫志深方程确定非等温结晶动力学参数。结果表明:样品TiO2/PLA在非等温结晶初期的n值与PLA相比有所减小,说明纳米TiO2粒子的加入,使PLA非等温结晶过程的成核机理与晶体生长方式发生改变;同时,纳米TiO2粒子对基体PLA的非等温结晶过程起到抑制作用。     

氢化棉籽油非等温结晶动力学研究

应用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)研究氢化棉籽油的非等温结晶行为.考察了两种氢化棉籽油在5、10、15和20℃/min降温速率下的非等温结晶行为,并用Ozawa方程进行动力学分析.非等温结晶曲线表明:随着降温速率的增大,结晶的温度范围增大;Ozawa方程解析非等温结晶曲线表明:当温度升高时,结晶常数m值增大,结晶速率常数K(T)减小.与等温结晶常数相比,非等温结晶常数偏大,说明非等温状态下氢化棉籽油结晶时可能会发生异相成核.     

用差热分析法研究BAS凝胶玻璃的非等温结晶过程

由非等温ＤＡＴ实验和Ｂａｎｓａｌ等提出的动力学参数计算方法，首次直接采用修正的ＪＭＡ方程导出ＢＡＳ凝胶玻璃结晶动力学方程，计算的结晶体积分数和ＤＴＡ曲线上峰区面积比值确定的实验值很接近。     

CBT/PA6共混物等温及非等温结晶动力学

利用溶液共混法制备了尼龙6(PA6)/对苯二甲酸丁二醇酯(CBT)的共混物,研究了PA6和CBT/PA6体系粘度随温度的变化、结晶形态以及等温和非等温结晶动力学。流变结果表明,CBT的加入可以明显降低PA6的粘度。DSC结果表明:等温结晶时,加入CBT后,PA6的Avrami指数n、t1/2、tmax均降低,结晶速率G提高;非等温结晶时,共混物的Jeziorny指数n有所降低,相比于PA6,结晶速率加快。POM结果表明:CBT的加入能有效地增加PA6的成核密度。可见CBT有望成为PA6结晶过程促进剂。     

成核剂对聚酯切片非等温结晶性能的影响

为了提高聚酯(PET)切片结晶速度,采用差示扫描分析仪(DSC)研究了5种成核剂对聚酯切片的非等温结晶性能的影响,并采用Jeziorny法对非等温结晶过程进行分析,发现Jeziorny法适合描述聚酯的非等温结晶过程;分析结果表明,滑石粉、苯甲酸钠、碳酸钠及碳酸氢钠均具有促进PET结晶的作用,其中苯甲酸钠的效果最理想,而硫酸钠会阻碍聚酯切片的结晶。     

体积收缩对高聚物等温结晶动力学过程的影响

采用Monte Carlo法，模拟了在预先成核条件下，体积收缩对高聚物等温结晶动力学过程的影响，用模拟结果对Avrami方程和Price方程的有效性进行了评价，得到了体积收缩对结晶动力学参数影响的定量数据。结果表明，体积收缩导致结晶初期Avrami指数n值减小，复合结晶速率常数Z值和由Z返算的线生长速率常数G值增加；与Avrami方程相比，Price方程仍不能较准确地描述高聚物后期结晶行为。     

半水硫酸钙晶须结晶过程

水热过程中半水硫酸钙晶须的成核过程与生长过程两个方面考查Na~+、K~+、Mg~(2+)、Zn~(2+)和Al~(3+)几种不同价位的金属离子对水热过程中半水硫酸钙晶须结晶过程的影响。结果表明:在纯水体系中,随着过饱和比的升高,半水硫酸钙晶须的成核时间逐渐降低,其临界界面张力为9.5mJ·m~(-2);随着一价离子、二价离子、三价金属离子的加入,半水硫酸钙晶须的临界成核时间逐渐升高,同时界面张力也逐渐升高。其中,Al~(3+)对半水硫酸钙晶须成核的抑制作用最大。     

间规立构聚丙烯非等温结晶行为研究

使用DSC对间规立构聚丙烯（sPP）和等规聚丙烯（iPP）的非等温结晶行为进行了研究。发现间规聚丙烯具有与等规聚丙烯不同的结晶结构。修正的Avrami方程和Ozawa方程对非等温结晶过程处理得到的结晶动力学参数表明两种聚丙烯非等温结晶过程中的成核和生长机理不同;由于立构规整性的差异,间规聚丙烯的结晶速度明显低于等规聚丙烯。     

尼龙6/11共聚物的非等温结晶动力学研究

以尼龙11预聚物和尼龙6预聚物为原料,采用熔融聚合的方法制备了尼龙6/11共聚物.利用差示量热扫描热分析仪(Differential Scanning Calorimetry,DSC)研究了尼龙6/11共聚物的非等温结晶过程,用经Jeziorny修正的Avrami方程对其非等温结晶动力学进行了研究,计算并得到非等温结晶动力学参数.结果表明:该方程适合于处理尼龙6/11共聚物的非等温结晶过程.在尼龙6/11共聚物非等温结晶过程中,在其初期结晶阶段可能同时包含了均相成核和异相成核,在二次结晶阶段结晶生长可能是一维生长;此外,还利用Kissinger方法求得尼龙6/11共聚物非等温结晶的结晶活化能为-201.76 kJ/mol.     

Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of kaolin modified polyester

Fiber-class modified kaolin and PET have been blended in the twin-screw and granulated to chips containing 4 wt% of kaolin.Non-isothermal crystallization process of kaolin modified polyester was investigated using a differential scanning calorimetry (DSC),and the addition of kaolin enhances either the melting temperature (Tm) or the crystallization temperature (Tc).The morphology of kaolin modified polyester,the melt of which is cooled at different cooling rate,was observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM).The relationship between Tc and cooling rate F was studied.Semi-crystalline phase t1/2 makes an exponential decline with increasing F,and the higher the cooling rate,the shorter the time of crystallization completion.Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics parameters and the activation energy were calculated,indicating that the higher rate of cooling needs the higher relative crystallinity in the unit crystallization time,the crystallization rate increased while speeding up the temperature reduction,and the activation energy ΔE was calculated to be-204.1566 kJ/mol for the non-isothermal crystallization processes by the Kissinger’s methods.     

Non-isothermal melt crystallization kinetics of anhydrite-filled polypropylene composites

The non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of polypropylene (PP), PP/anhydrite composites were investigated by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) with various cooling rates. The Avrami analysis modified by Jeziorny and a method developed by Mo were employed to describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of these samples. The difference in the exponent n between PP and PP/anhydrite composites indicated that non-isothermal kinetic crystallization corresponded to tri-dimensional growth with heterogeneous nucleation. The values of half-time, Z _c and F(T) showed that the crystallization rate increased with the increasing of cooling rates for PP and PP/anhydrite composites, but the crystallization rate of PP/anhydrite composites was faster than that of PP at a given cooling rate. The method developed by Ozawa did not describe the non-isothermal crystallization process of PP very well. Moreover, the method proposed by Kissinger was used to evaluate the activation energy of the mentioned samples. The result showed that the activation energy of PP/anhydrite was greatly larger than that of PP.     

氧化镍与氧化石墨烯复合电极的制备及其光电催化性能

通过水热法、电泳法制备了氧化镍-氧化石墨烯复合电极,利用XRD、SEM等对其进行了晶体结构和形貌表征.将所得电极材料用于降解活性艳蓝染料废水,利用电化学工作站、PL、DRS和废水降解考察了样品的理化性质及光电催化活性.结果表明,电泳时间为15 min时,氧化石墨烯修饰后的电极降解效果最好,降解率高达84.45％,与纯氧...     

石墨烯与四氧化三铁复合材料的制备与性能

为了得到具有良好吸附性能的石墨烯与含铁氧化物的复合材料,在碱性条件下通过亚铁离子与氧化石墨烯的一步反应制备石墨烯与四氧化三铁复合材料. 采用Ｘ射线衍射、扫描电子显微镜和热失重分析对该复合材料的结构与微观形貌进行表征,并研究了石墨烯与四氧化三铁复合材料对罗丹明Ｂ的吸附性能. 实验结果表明,亚铁离子在碱性条件下生成的四氧化三铁纳米颗粒较均匀地分布在石墨烯表面,破坏了石墨烯原有的结晶结构. 与单独的石墨烯或者四氧化三铁相比,复合材料对罗丹明Ｂ有良好的吸附性能. 吸附染料的复合材料可以用磁铁从溶液中移出,有利于复合材料的回收与重复使用. 研究其吸附动力学和吸附等温线发现,该复合材料吸附罗丹明Ｂ符合准二级动力学方程和Ｌａｎｇｍｕｉｒ吸附模型.     

Characterization on the exfoliation degree of graphite oxide into graphene oxide by UV-visible spectroscopy

The exfoliation degree of graphite oxide into graphene oxide plays an important role in the massive production method of reduced graphene oxide. It is significant to find a simple and feasible method to analyze the exfoliation degree of graphite oxide. In the present work, graphite oxide was synthesized by a modified Hummers method, and then graphene oxide colloids were obtained by exfoliation of graphite oxide dispersed in de-ionized water. UV-visible spectroscopy was used to characterize the absorption of the graphene oxide colloids, and the concentration of graphene oxide colloids indicated by absorption area of UV-visible spectra was studied. Results show that there is a relatively stable relationship between them, indicating that UV-visible spectroscopy is a potential method for analyzing the exfoliation degree of graphite oxide into graphene oxide.     

钽阳极氧化膜的防晶化研究

阐述了烧结型钽电解电容器在阳极赋能过程中生成钽氧化膜介质易出现的“晶化”现象及其机理．晶化时钽氧化膜局部生成的是一种β-Ta2O5晶型结构，这种晶型给钽电解电容器的电特性造成破坏性的影响，致使产品漏电流、损耗上升，电容量下降．对此，给出了防止钽阳极氧化膜“晶化”的有效措施．     

Floc flotation of jamesonite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate

The hydrophobic flocculation of jamesonite fines in aqueous suspensions induced by ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate was investigated using laser particle size analysis, microscope analysis, electrophoretic light scattering and infrared spectroscopy.Single minerals of 4.607 μm for the 50% volumetric diameters were researched by varying several parameters, including p H,ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate concentration, stirring strength and kerosene addition. It is found that the maximal floatability of jamesonite fines is induced by ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate at p H 6, and the floc flotation increases with increasing ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate concentration despite a simultaneous increase in the negative ζ potential of jamesonite, meaning that hydrophobic interaction between the particles increases much more strongly than electric double layer repulsion from the adsorption of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate. It is also found that the floc flotation is closely correlated with the size of flocs,which is strongly influenced by the stirring strength and enhanced by the addition of a small amount of kerosene. The results of FTIR spectra indicate that adsorption of ammonium dibutyl dithiophosphate onto jamesonite is chemical adsorption and the adsorption product is lead dibutyl dithiophosphate.     

甲基橙掺杂聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料

为了得到新型导电聚合物/石墨烯纳米复合材料,采用偶氮染料甲基橙为掺杂剂,过硫酸铵为氧化剂,一步法制备了纳米片状的聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料,通过傅里叶红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜等测试,对聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料的结构和形貌进行表征;通过循环伏安法对其进行电化学性能测试.结果表明:由于甲基橙分子中含有的磺酸根阴离子,甲基橙分子掺杂在聚吡咯分子链中,影响了聚吡咯分子的共轭结构;在聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料中保留了氧化石墨烯的片状结构,表明吡咯单体首先被吸附到氧化石墨表面,进而在氧化石墨烯表面发生聚合.聚吡咯/氧化石墨烯复合材料均匀的片状纳米结构,在循环伏安测试中显现出具有良好的电容特性,将来可以应用到商业电容器领域.     

氧化石墨还原法制备石墨烯及其吸附性能

利用液相化学氧化法制备氧化石墨,通过水合肼还原氧化石墨制备石墨烯.采用X射线衍射分析、激光拉曼光谱和透射电子显微镜等测试方法,对石墨烯材料的结构和吸附性能进行分析表征.结果表明,通过氧化石墨还原法制得的石墨烯晶体结构完整性有所降低;石墨烯对极性较大的有机染料亚甲基蓝、甲基橙和罗丹明B的吸附率都在95%以上,对极性较小的有机污染物苯酚和氯苯酚的吸附能力较弱.