再生骨料混凝土空心砌块砌体的抗压性能

利用废弃混凝土加工成的再生骨料制作再生混凝土空心砌块.对再生混凝土空心砌块砌体进行抗压性能实验,研究不同再生粗骨料取代率对其受压性能的影响,分析了砌体的破坏特征和变形过程.研究结果表明:再生混凝土空心砌块砌体的受压性能和普通混凝土砌块砌体的受压性能极为相似,以85％再生粗骨料取代率,配制强度等级为MU5.0的再生骨料混凝土空心砌块是可行的.     

MU5.0再生骨料混凝土空心砌块配合比设计

利用废弃混凝土加工成的再生骨料制作再生混凝土空心砌块.在混凝土空心砌块配合比参数优化设计的基础上,以再生骨料混凝土空心砌块抗压强度作为评定指标,采用正交试验方法,研究再生骨料混凝土空心砌块配合比设计.研究结果表明:对于再生骨料混凝土空心砌块,以85％再生粗骨料取代率和100％再生细骨料取代率,选取合适配合比,其强度等级是可以达到MU5.0的.     

水平低周反复荷载下预应力砌体墙抗震承载力试验研究

通过对不同类型的预应力混凝土小型空心砌块砌体墙进行水平低周反复荷载试验,研究了预应力砌体的破坏形态、滞回特征、延性等抗震性能。试验结果表明:在墙顶施加预应力可以提高墙体的抗剪强度和变形能力,改善墙体的抗震性能。     

混凝土小型空心砌块约束砌体抗剪强度的试验研究

通过１２片砼空心砌块约束墙体的低固反复荷载试验,分析了芯柱,填芯率,水平条带数量对砼小型空心砌块约束砌体抗震性能的影响,用线性回归方法建立抗剪强度公式。     

粉煤灰加气混凝土砌体力学性能与节能效应分析

利用室内试验方法制备了粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块和砌体,分别测试了混凝土砌块的抗拉抗压强度和砌体的抗拉和抗剪强度,分析了砌体抗压和抗剪强度随砂浆厚度的变化规律。在此基础上,建立了粉煤灰加气混凝土砌体节能效应的FLAC 3D数值计算模型。研究表明:(1)粉煤灰加气混凝土砌块的抗拉压强度平均值分别为4.53 MPa和0.75MPa;(2)粉煤灰加气混凝土砌体的整体抗压和抗剪强度随砂浆厚度的增大而分别减小和增大;(3)粉煤灰加气混凝土砌体的平均传热系数小于普通灰砂砖砌体,且随砂浆厚度的增大而减小。     

再生混凝土多孔砖砌体轴心抗压强度试验

制作再生混凝土骨料替代率为75%、抗压强度达到MU10的再生混凝土多孔砖。对18个再生混凝土多孔砖砌体试件在轴心荷载作用下的试验进行研究。考察再生混凝土多孔砖砌体在不同砂浆强度下的受压性能和极限承载力,分析砌体的受压变形过程和破坏特征。结果表明:再生混凝土多孔砖砌体的受压性能和普通混凝土多孔砖砌体的受压性能基本相似,极限状态时多孔砖砌体被贯通的竖向裂缝分隔成若干独立小立柱,小立柱被压坏,再生混凝土多孔砖砌体轴心抗压强度略小于普通混凝土多孔砖砌体。通过对试验数据的分析,参考现行《砌体结构设计规范》建议的公式,提出了再生混凝土多孔砖砌体的轴心抗压强度计算公式。     

基于毛细孔张力理论的高强再生骨料混凝土收缩性能及预测方法研究

基于毛细孔张力理论,对高强再生骨料混凝土的收缩性能及预测方法开展了研究工作.首先通过试验测试了不同母料强度、不同天然骨料取代率下的混凝土试件的力学性能、收缩以及孔隙特征.之后基于毛细孔张力理论,提出了高强再生骨料混凝土的收缩预测方法.结果表明:再生骨料混凝土的静力受压弹性模量、抗压强度低于同龄期的天然骨料混凝土;再生骨料混凝土的收缩将随着再生骨料母料强度下降、天然骨料取代率的增加而上升;受再生骨料母料弹性模量的影响,再生骨料混凝土的孔结构较天然混凝土更小;研究提出的基于毛细孔张力理论的预测方法,能够有效的预测高强再生骨料混凝土早龄期的收缩性能.研究成果对于解决高强再生骨料混凝土收缩开裂问题具有推动作用.     

混凝土砌块建筑裂缝的成因及治理措施

自1897年美国建成第一栋混凝土砌块建筑以来,砌块结构已经历了百年的发展。我国混凝土砌块结构的应用也有了30多年的历史。混凝土砌块建筑向高层发展,砌块逐步成为一种承重、保温、装饰等多功能的新型建筑材料。据统计,我国砌块产量和混凝土砌块建筑的年递增都在20%以上,发展势头迅猛。但由于混凝土小型空心砌块具有收缩变形大、抗张能力差等特点,且砂浆接触面小、饱满度差,形成砌体抗剪强度低,砌块楼普遍存在裂缝、渗漏问题。     

固体废弃物再生骨料混凝土的耐久性试验研究

为有效处理和利用固体废弃物,本文研究了用钙系膨胀剂,高炉矿渣水泥以及采用吸水率较小的再生骨料抑制碱骨料反应,尝试制备强度为30 MPa的再生骨料混凝土.并对其耐久性能做了试验研究.试验结果表明:再生骨料混凝土在强度以及耐久性能方面显示出与普通混凝土几乎相同的性能,并用钙系膨胀剂,高炉矿渣水泥以及采用吸水率较小的再生骨料,在解决再生骨料混凝土耐久性方面能够取得较好的效果.     

再生骨料对混凝土透气性及碳化性能的影响研究

为了探明再生骨料对混凝土透气性及碳化性能的影响,试验针对再生骨料混凝土的透气性能,从不同强度、不同组配、不同再生骨料掺量为变量,研究了再生骨料混凝土的透气性及对碳化性能的影响.结果表明,随着混凝土强度等级的加大,普通混凝土与再生骨料混凝土的简易透气速度也有所减小,当细骨料采用天然砂时,再生粗骨料置换率对混凝土透气速度的影响并不大,都在0.2 mmHg/s以下;但细骨料采用再生细骨料时,随着再生粗骨料置换率的加大,远远高于对比用普通混凝土的透气速度;混凝土的碳化深度与其强度等级关系较大,再生骨料本身特性影响有限.     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。