沸石的交联壳聚糖改性及对腐殖酸的吸附研究

缩水甘油基三乙基氯化铵交联壳聚糖负载到沸石上,制得了交联壳聚糖改性沸石复合吸附剂。复合吸附剂的结构经热重和扫描电镜进行了表征;考察了吸附剂用量、腐殖酸初始浓度、吸附时间、pH值等对腐殖酸吸附效果的影响。结果表明:交联壳聚糖成功地对沸石进行了改性;复合吸附剂对腐殖酸的吸附性能较沸石有显著提高;适宜的吸附条件是:吸附剂用量为2g/L,腐殖酸初始浓度不大于0.01kg/m3,吸附时间为150min,pH≈7,对腐殖酸的去除率为81.4%,最大吸附量为4.07mg/g。     

沸石的改性处理及吸附性能研究

介绍了沸石改性的方法,讨论了影响沸石吸附性能的因素.实验表明,在废水温度为25℃,pH为6,Cd2 的初始质量浓度为50 mg/L,吸附剂的用量为20g/L,吸附时间为120 min的条件下,改性沸石对镉离子的去除率达到99.12%.     

镧掺杂二氧化钛/沸石吸附对氨基酚的性能研究

以镧掺杂二氧化钛/沸石(La3+-TiO2/沸石)及沸石作为吸附剂,研究了两者吸附对氨基酚的性能。采用可见分光光度法,考察了吸附时间、吸附剂用量、对氨基酚浓度及温度等实验条件对吸附效率的影响。在吸附时间2 h、吸附剂用量0.02 g、对氨基酚初始浓度0.5 mg/L、实验温度20℃的条件下,La3+-TiO2/沸石吸附对氨基酚的能力明显优于未处理的沸石。对氨基酚在两种吸附剂上的吸附均符合准二级动力学模型。吸附过程为吸热过程,吸附等温线复合Langmuir和Freundlich方程。     

新型重金属吸附生物炭的制备及对含锰废水处理研究

本文以剩余活性污泥为基体，通过高温热解处理及对其进行酸改性，制备出高效多孔生物炭吸附剂。考察了吸附温度、溶液初始pH和吸附剂投加量对Mn²⁺吸附效果的影响。在Mn²⁺初始浓度为4mg/L、吸附剂投加量为0.5g、吸附时间120min、pH为2条件下，20℃时Mn²⁺去除效率最高为72.55%；在Mn²⁺初始浓度为4mg/L、吸附剂投加量为0.5g、吸附时间120min、20℃条件下，pH为2时Mn²⁺去除效率最高为73.63%；在Mn²⁺初始浓度为4mg/L、吸附时间120min、20℃条件下，pH为2条件下，吸附剂投加量为0.5g时Mn²⁺去除效率最高为73.08%。生物碳吸附剂对Mn²的吸附率由改性前的45.97%，提高到改性后的73.63%。实验结果表明，改性后的吸附剂相较于改性之前较大幅度提升了对于重金属离子的吸附能力。     

氢氧化镁改性硅藻土对水中活性红的吸附性能研究

对氢氧化镁改性硅藻土吸附去除活性红染料的行为进行了研究,探讨了pH值、吸附剂用量、NaCl浓度等因素对吸附脱色率的影响.结果显示当改性硅藻土投加量为6 g/L,溶液pH值为6,NaCl浓度为4 mol/L,该吸附剂对活性红溶液的脱色率可达95％.实验结果也表明氢氧化镁改性硅藻土对活性红的吸附符合Langmuir等温模型和准二级动力学模型,最大吸附量为64.94 mg/g.热力学研究表明氢氧化镁改性硅藻土对活性红的吸附是一自发、放热过程.     

X分子筛-硅藻土复合吸附剂对废水中亚甲基蓝吸附性能的研究

研究了不同类型的硅藻土与分子筛在单独和复合条件下对废水中亚甲基蓝的吸附性能,探讨了复合材料在最佳用量和配比的条件下,不同搅拌时间、pH值、亚甲基蓝初始浓度对亚甲基蓝去除的影响。试验结果表明:CD10型硅藻土0.03g、分子筛0.015g组成的复合材料在亚甲基蓝质量浓度为10mg/L、pH值为4、快速搅拌10min的条件下,亚甲基蓝的去除率可达99.2%。     

碱化香蕉皮作为Pb~(2+)吸附剂的性能研究

以碱化香蕉皮吸附剂去除溶液中的Pb~(2+),考察了NaOH浓度和碱化时间对碱化效果的影响,探讨了吸附剂粒径、时间、pH、吸附剂用量、Pb~(2+)初始浓度及温度等对吸附性能的影响,并研究了吸附平衡和吸附动力学过程。结果表明,NaOH浓度为0.5 mol/L,碱化时间为8h时制备的碱化香蕉皮吸附性能较佳;最佳吸附条件为:吸附剂粒径60目,时间8h,pH为5,吸附剂用量1.0 g,Pb~(2+)初始浓度500 mg/L及温度为20℃。此时,吸附率可达74.5%,吸附量35.7 mg/g。等温吸附实验表明,碱化香蕉皮对Pb~(2+)的吸附平衡较好地符合Langmuir等温式。吸附过程动力学符合拟二级动力学模型,说明其吸附主要是单分子层的化学吸附。     

海藻酸钠复合凝胶球的制备及其对水中氟的吸附性能研究

以海藻酸钠和膨润土为原料,成功制备了海藻酸钠复合凝胶球作为吸附剂。通过静态试验研究了该吸附剂对水中氟离子的吸附性能。实验结果表明:pH值为6.0～9.0、初始浓度为10 mg/L、吸附时间140～180 min、吸附剂投加量为7 g/L时,脱除率可达90%以上,残余F-含量小于1 mg/L,达到国家饮用水标准。     

改性沸石氨氮吸附剂的制备及其在生活污水处理中的应用

针对部分地区污水厂常规处理工艺排水氨氮超标的问题,通过制备改性沸石氨氮吸附剂,结合吸附试验、表征分析和中试试验对改性沸石去除城市生活污水中氨氮的性能进行深入研究,考察了改性沸石氨氮吸附剂最佳的制备工艺与氨氮去除特性。结果表明:改性沸石氨氮吸附剂有着更多的钠型沸石与孔道;在NaCl浓度为1.5 mol/L,搅拌时间为3 h,加热温度为75 ℃时,平均氨氮去除率与吸附量分别达到83.51%和0.840 mg/g;中试试验结果显示,经改性沸石氨氮吸附剂过滤后的水中氨氮含量稳定在2.0 mg/L以下,且吸附剂可再生后重复使用。该研究可为城市生活污水氨氮处理提供理论依据。     

粉煤灰-膨润土复合吸附剂处理含Cr(Ⅵ)废水

以粉煤灰和膨润土为原料,制备了粉煤灰-膨润土复合吸附剂,研究了该复合吸附剂对水中Cr(Ⅵ)的吸附性能,结果表明:在温度为25℃,pH值为4,Cr(Ⅵ)初始质量浓度为22 mg/L,复合吸附剂用量为8 g/L,吸附时间为1 h,Cr(Ⅵ)的去除率可达到91%以上。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。