新型有机黏结剂HC用于制备冷压球团的研究

采用新型有机黏结剂(HC)代替膨润土制备冷压球团的方法,得到高冶金性能的入炉原料.随着HC和膨润土用量(质量分数,下同)的增加,铁矿球团和含碳球团生球的抗压强度均呈逐渐升高的趋势,当黏结剂用量为1.5％时,抗压强度分别为5264,2012 N/个;生球落下强度随着HC用量的增加而增加,但随着膨润土用量的增加变化趋势不明...     

用煤泥作还原剂制备褐铁矿含碳球团

为确定低品位褐铁矿制备含碳球团的最佳工艺参数,以煤泥为还原剂,湿球落下强度和干球抗压强度为评价指标,探索了煤泥添加量、原矿粒度、水用量、成球压力、膨润土用量对含碳球团强度的影响。结果表明:球团强度因煤泥种类不同而有一定差异,在煤泥B加入量为25%,原矿粒度-0.074 mm含量占76%、水用量为4%、成球压力为10 MPa、膨润土用量为4%条件下,可以获得湿球落下强度7.3次/P,干球抗压强度197.6N/P的冷固结含碳球团。煤泥的高灰分、高黏性有利于提高冷固结球团强度且利用废弃物煤泥作为还原剂再利用,可减少污染,提高经济效益。     

磷矿粉球团冷固结成型试验及机械性能的影响因素

针对磷矿粉矿无法直接入炉冶炼黄磷的问题,本文采用磷矿粉冷固结成型方法来制备磷矿粉球团,研究黏结剂用量、水分添加量、成型压力和烧结温度对磷矿粉球团落下强度和抗压强度的影响。研究结果表明：球团的抗压强度和落下强度随黏结剂用量的增加而升高,随成型压力的增加呈现先升高后降低,随水分质量分数的增加呈现先升高后降低,抗压强度随着烧结温度的升高而升高;在黏结剂用量为0.4%、水分质量分数为8%、成型压力为11 MPa条件下制备的磷矿粉生球团的抗压强度可达148.46 N/P,落下强度达46次/(0.5 m);在1 200℃下烧结2 h后,磷矿球团的抗压强度可达966 N/P,且经跌落破碎后无粉化现象。本文旨在弥补富磷矿块矿资源的不足,并为进一步促进磷矿粉矿在黄磷生产中的应用提供参考。     

硫钴精矿含碳球团压力成型试验研究

以攀枝花硫钴精矿为原料,聚乙烯醇为黏结剂,采用单因素试验研究了水分含量、成型压力、硫钴精矿粒度、黏结剂用量等因素对硫钴精矿含碳球团抗压强度和落下强度的影响。结果表明:球团强度随着水分含量的增加先小幅波动后快速提高,随着黏结剂用量的增加呈先提高后降低的趋势,随着压强(成型压力建议前后一致)的增大和粒度的细化呈"N"字形变化。得出优化的硫钴精矿含碳球团制备工艺参数为:矿煤质量比5∶1,水分含量12%,成型压力6 MPa,黏结剂用量0.6%,硫钴精矿粒度-200目(74μm)占75%。此条件下制备的硫钴精矿含碳球团生球团的抗压强度为192.6 N/球,落下强度为28.4次/球;干球团的抗压强度为348.2 N/球,落下强度为57.2次/球。     

不同种类膨润土对球团性能影响的试验与应用

膨润土特殊的层状结构与黏土特性使其成为球团矿生产的主要黏结剂，但是其主要化学成分为SiO₂和Al₂O₃,所以向球团中添加膨润土相当于加入了酸性脉石矿物，会降低成品球的铁品位，增加生铁冶炼的成本，因此，在球团生产中应尽量降低膨润土的用量。为此，本文采用复合膨润土进行实验室小型试验和工业应用试验，分析不同种类膨润土对球团性能影响。结果表明：与常规膨润土相比，配加复合膨润土能够有效提高生球、预热球及成品球性能，其中生球落下强度从2.4次/(0.5 m)提高到4.3次/(0.5 m),爆裂温度从360℃上升到500℃以上，成品球抗压强度的提升最为明显，从3 480 N/P增加到3 774 N/P;复合膨润土的配比要比常规膨润土低1.0%左右，经济效益显著。     

中关铁矿制备熔剂性球团生球性能试验

 通过增加熔剂性球团矿的入炉比例,能够改善炉料结构,降低炼铁系统能耗,并且通过“源头减量”的途径可以降低炼铁过程中污染物的排放。实现高球比冶炼的核心环节是制备熔剂性球团,而熔剂性球团质量取决于生球的性能,因此,保证生球质量是探究熔剂性球团制备工艺较为重要的环节。由于中关铁矿硅含量较低、镁含量适宜,适合作为低硅熔剂性球团的原料。以中关铁矿为原料探究熔剂性球团的制备工艺,并在此基础上分析了影响熔剂性球团生球质量的因素(粒度、时间、水分、膨润土、SiO₂含量、碱度和MgO含量)。试验结果表明,生球的抗压强度、落下强度及爆裂温度受碱度、SiO₂和MgO含量变化的影响不大;生球的抗压强度、落下强度及爆裂温度主要受造球时间、水分、黏结剂用量、铁矿粉及熔剂的理化性能影响,并在造球时间维持为12 min、水分维持为8%～9%、膨润土用量为2%时,生球抗压强度、落下强度及爆裂温度较优且满足运输与入炉要求。     

复合黏结剂对铁精矿球团质量的影响

为充分发掘有机黏结剂对铁精矿球团质量提升的优点,同时弥补有机复合黏结剂削弱成品球抗压强度的不足,本文将蛭石、羧甲基纤维素钠(有机黏结剂)、膨润土进行复配,探究复合黏结剂对铁精矿球团质量的影响,并借助SEM和热重分析探索蛭石改善成品球强度的机理。试验结果表明：在不复配有机黏结剂,仅仅添加1%的膨润土时,球团的落下强度只有1.5次/(0.5 m),抗压强度为8.2 N/P,爆裂温度为550℃,在预热温度为950℃、焙烧温度为1 200℃时成品球的强度为3 121 N/P;固定膨润土用量,随着有机黏结剂复配比例增加到0.12%,生球落下强度可提升到8.0次/(0.5 m),抗压强度提升到11.3 N/P,但生球的爆裂温度下降到395℃,成品球强度下降到2 465 N/P;加入0.03%蛭石+0.12%有机黏结剂+1%膨润土的复合黏结剂后,球团的质量指标最好,球团落下强度可达到6.5次/(0.5 m),抗压强度为13.4 N/P,爆裂温度为362℃,成品球强度在相同条件下可以提升至2 764 N/P。SEM和热重分析结果表明：蛭石膨胀能不断填充球团中的孔隙,在焙烧过程中生成液相,有利于固相扩散...     

高强度生物质含碳球团制备及性能优化

炼铁原料劣化趋势难以改变,含碳球团为低碳冶炼提供了可能。将生物质作为清洁可再生零碳排放碳源、用于制备含碳球团还原剂成为钢铁企业节能降碳生产的发展趋势之一。目前限制含碳球团应用的关键因素是其高温强度较差,研究如何提高含碳球团高温强度具有重要意义。为此,采用大石河粉为含铁原料、生物质热解炭为还原剂,探究成型压力、水分添加量、焙烧制度及黏结剂种类对含碳球团的影响。结果表明,含碳球团强度随着成型压力和水分添加量增加均先升高后降低,以16 MPa成型压力和8%水分添加量为宜。随着还原温度升高,生物质含碳球团强度先降低后升高,由于在900～1 000℃温度区间发生晶格畸变,导致体积膨胀,强度最差;后期随着温度升高,金属铁逐渐汇聚成片,强度和金属化率均逐渐升高,1 200℃下金属化率可达84.84%。使用膨润土、水玻璃作为黏结剂时,常温强度较差,通过提高两者添加量可在一定程度上提升高温强度,但水玻璃含碱金属钠,不利于高炉顺行;使用标准水泥作为黏结剂时,常温和高温强度均较差,且生产效率较低;使用有机黏结剂CMC常温强度较高,但其在高温下易分解,球团高温强度较差;使用复合黏结剂可以同时获得常温和高温强度...     

复合粘结剂对球团高温固结的影响及机理

膨润土是球团矿生产过程中的主要粘结剂,能显著改善原料成球性、提升球团质量,但较高的SiO₂和Al₂O₃含量会造成炼铁生产渣量增加.添加少量有机粘结剂替代部分膨润土已成为改善球团性能的必要手段.本文考察了有机粘结剂P替代部分膨润土对球团高温强度的影响,结合激光闪射法和热重法(TG)研究了有机粘结剂对磁铁矿球团内部结构及传热、传质的影响.结果表明,复合粘结剂可以替代部分膨润土,适量有机组分的增加有利于预热球、焙烧球强度的提升和球团的氧化.主要原因是有机粘结剂P经过高温后热解,并在球团内部形成适量孔隙,球团热传导系数降低,内部升温梯度减缓,避免了球团表层因过快氧化结晶而形成致密的氧化层.同时,细小的孔隙有利于氧气进入球团内部,促进Fe₃O₄氧化成Fe₂O₃,氧化分数f_TGA随着有机粘结剂P的添加而逐渐升高,由90.80%提至92.17%.     

新型黏结剂强化冷固结球团的作用机理

 黏结剂在冷固结球团中必不可少,目前广泛使用的冷固结球团有机、无机黏结剂如CMC、膨润土和水泥等均会在高温下失效,导致球团高温强度严重下降,因此,寻找一种高温强度良好的黏结剂是目前需要解决的问题。采用新型黏结剂制备冷固结球团,通过XRD和SEM-EDS等对新型黏结剂球团制备原料及球团性能特征进行分析,同时探讨黏结剂对球团冷态抗压强度及高温强度的影响及其作用机理。试验结果表明,黏结剂以流动状态存在于冷固结球团中,可有效吸附或包裹铁矿粉颗粒,增加黏结剂配比可同时提高球团的冷态抗压强度及高温抗压强度;在高温还原性气氛下焙烧冷固结球团,由于发生还原反应,球团金属化率提高,铁矿粉颗粒间空隙增大,导致球团强度下降,焙烧时间为30～90 min时,球团金属化率及抗压强度变化趋势最明显;焙烧初期,球团抗压强度不会发生快速下降,且焙烧结束后球团强度仍可保持为100 N/个左右。     

优化球团原料的配矿

为了获得低成本、质量好的球团矿产品,以两种铁精矿粉（低铁高硅磁铁矿和高铁低硅磁铁矿）和一种膨润土为原料,以生球落下强度、抗压强度以及焙烧后成品球团抗压强度为评价指标,在相同造球工艺和膨润土加入量的条件下,研究两种质量不同的铁精矿混合配料造球对球团性能的影响。研究表明,随着低铁高硅矿配比的增加,生球落下强度、抗压强度以及焙烧后成品球团抗压强度均随之降低。通过优化配矿,当低铁高硅矿配比达40%时,生球的落下强度达到3次以上,抗压强度达20N以上,焙烧后抗压强度为3850N,完全满足生产要求。     

The Effect of Calcined Colemanite Addition on the Mechanical Strength of Magnetite Pellets Produced with Organic Binders

Iron ore pellets must have sufficient mechanical strengths against degradation in all stages of pellet production. Low strength is also a problem for product pellets since they abrade during transportation to the reduction furnaces. The use of a binder is necessary to provide sufficient strength to the pellets and for better operation and handling of pellets. Bentonite is the standard binder in the industry; however, it is considered an impurity due to its acid oxide contents. Organic binders have been tested for many years as alternative binder to bentonite. They have been found to give sufficient wet pellet properties. However, they failed to provide sufficient strength to the preheated and fired pellets due to lack of slag bonding. It has been assumed that one possible effective method to improve the preheated and fired pellet strengths is addition of a slag-bonding constituent. In this study, calcined colemanite was added to the pellet feed to overcome the lower strength problem encountered with organic binder use. The strength of pellets produced with organic binders and calcined colemanite alone and in combination was comparatively studied against the strength of pellets made with standard bentonite binder in magnetite concentrate pelletizing. The results showed that addition of calcined colemanite into the pellet mixture improved the preheated and fired pellet strengths of pellets produced with organic binders.     

铁矿球团用有机黏结剂研究进展

 随着钢铁行业绿色低碳转型,使用有机黏结剂替代膨润土已经是铁矿球团工序提质降耗的必然趋势。然而,有机黏结剂彻底替代膨润土的技术壁垒仍未突破,严重限制了其在工业生产中的广泛应用。有机黏结剂的黏结效用也是控制球团强度的关键因素,研究其在球团生产中的作用机理对提高球团强度以及开发具有国内知识产权的新型有机黏结剂意义重大。通过总结有机黏结剂在铁矿球团中的研究进展,旨在为其在中国钢铁行业的广泛应用以及新型有机黏结剂的研发工作提供理论指导与试验依据。在介绍理想有机黏结剂分子结构模型的基础上,揭示了4种常见有机黏结剂的结构及特性。重点讨论了黏度和吸水性对有机黏结剂黏结效用的作用机理,有机黏结剂的高黏度特性能够调节球团颗粒间液桥黏滞力大小,从而显著提高生球强度;吸水性是有机黏结剂调控生球自由水含量的重要特性,只有在最佳吸水率下,才能获得强度较高、粒径均匀的生球。总结了有机黏结剂的常见优缺点,其主要优点是微量高效、烧失量大、基本不影响球团铁品位,缺点是生产球团矿缺乏渣相固结而强度不足。分析了优化原料粒度组成、添加含硼化合物及分散剂等强化有机黏结剂球团生产的调控手段,并展望了有机黏结剂未来的发展方向。     

Application of Modified Humic Acid (MHA) Binder in the Pelletizing Of Fluxed Hematite Concentrate

Modified humic acid (MHA) binder consists of high molecular weight organic molecules and inorganic part. It is extracted from lignite coal with sodium hydroxide and used in pelletization of iron ore concentrates. Our previous study shows that MHA binder is also a potential binder instead of bentonite for pelletizing of fluxed hematite. For evaluating the use of MHA binder in pelletization of fluxed hematite, pelletizing tests were conducted to optimize parameters, such as dose, firing temperature and time. The results show that the qualities of green/dried balls with 0.6 wt% MHA binder are equal to or even better than that of 0.66 wt% bentonite pellets, and that both are much higher than the minimum requirements of the pellets’ strengths. The compression strength of fired pellets also suggested that MHA binder is promising to completely replace bentonite in pelletizing of fluxed hematite concentrate. However, the abrasion rate of the fired pellets with MHA binder is slightly higher than that of bentonite pellets.     

进口巴西矿的球团试验研究

以巴西镜铁矿为研究对象,进行了生球制备试验和预热焙烧小型试验。试验结果确定了生球制备试验的最佳参数和球团预热焙烧试验适宜的预热焙烧制度。生球制备试验的最佳参数:膨润土用量为2.1%,造球水分为8.5%(质量分数),造球时间为13 min,此时落下强度为5.0次/(0.5 m),生球抗压强度为11.26 N/个,爆裂温度为356℃,符合球团生产对生球质量的要求。球团预热焙烧试验适宜的预热焙烧制度:预热温度为900℃,预热时间为10 min,焙烧温度为1 200℃,焙烧时间为15 min,此时预热球强度能达到500 N/个以上,焙烧球强度能达到2 500 N/个以上,符合高炉对球团矿的质量要求。     

铬铁矿球团焙烧固结特性

本文系统研究铬铁矿球团的焙烧固结特性.结果表明:预热时间对于预热球强度影响不大,在预热时间为10 min时,随着预热温度的提高,预热球强度和氧化率呈直线型增加,适宜温度为1050℃,此时预热球强度可达每个400 N以上;与传统铁矿球团相比,铬铁矿球团焙烧所需的温度高,焙烧时间为10 min时,焙烧温度从1250℃提高到1350℃,球团强度从每个1078 N提高到1973 N.在铬铁矿球团预热和焙烧过程中,铬尖晶石(Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄氧化生成富镁的(Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄和铬铁铝复合氧化物(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₃,当温度高于1000℃时,(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₃新相生成,其主要以环状分布在颗粒外层,颗粒内部为针状与(Fe,Mg)(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₄形成交织结构,降低Cr/Fe比或升高焙烧温度均有助于(Cr,Fe,Al)₂O₃向颗粒外层富集和再结晶长大,有利于球团的固结,提高球团强度.     

Plate Water Absorption as an Assessment Tool for Organic Binders

Plate water absorption has been traditionally used to assess the binding ability of bentonite clay binders for iron ore concentrate pelletization. Until 1997, there was an accepted test by ASTM, but due to inconstant data this method was withdrawn. This value, however, is still used by some pelletization operations to gauge the efficacy of their bentonite. This test procedure has only been investigated on inorganic binders and never organic binders. This paper seeks to confidently prove that PWA can be used to accurately determine the efficacy of starch binders both alone and in conjunction with bentonite. The role of bentonite as a binder for iron ore concentrate is not only to hold agglomerates together during high temperature operations. But during pelletization it can also mitigate many times its own weight in water. This water absorption capacity aids in retarding the growth rate of pellets, as faster growing pellets tend to be weaker. The value of this water absorption, known as plate water absorption (PWA), is used as a metric to determine the strength and quality of the resulting pellets by industrial pelletizing facilities. As new low silica binders seek to replace bentonite, they too must take on the role of moisture mitigation. This study has shown that starches with lower water absorption capacities tend to have lower compressive strengths. As the water absorption capacity increases so too does the compressive strength. When using only starch, higher absorption capacities lead to lower compressive strengths of pellets exposed to elevated temperatures. When bentonite is used in conjunction with starch, higher water absorption mixtures do exhibit an increase in strength when heated.     

含镍、铬复合氧化球团的制备工艺

 利用廉价的低品位铬铁矿精矿以及红土镍矿制备含镍、铬复合球团,用于高炉生产含镍和铬不锈钢母液,对于保障不锈钢产业的可持续发展具有重要意义。系统研究含镍、铬球团制备工艺,探究红土镍矿配比、铬铁矿配比以及添加剂对球团强度的影响。结果表明,当混合料配比为45%红土镍矿+15%铬铁矿+40%铁精矿时,添加7.7%添加剂的混合料经高压辊磨预处理后可制备出合格生球,在预热1 000 ℃+12 min,焙烧(1 220～1 250 ℃)+12 min的条件下可获得抗压强度大于2 500N/个的成品球团,可用于高炉生产铁、镍和铬三元不锈钢母液。