高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土性能研究

为了推进新型低碳低能耗的高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥在工程中的应用,对比研究了高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥和硅酸盐水泥制备的不同强度等级的混凝土的各项性能。结果表明:较之硅酸盐水泥混凝土,高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土的工作性能优良,C30和C50混凝土各龄期的抗压强度分别平均提高4MPa和9MPa,高性能贝利特硫铝酸盐水泥混凝土的抗水和氯离子渗透性、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性、抗冻性、干燥收缩性能均好于硅酸盐水泥混凝土,抗碳化性能相对较弱,抗钢筋锈蚀能力两种水泥混凝土差别不大。     

掺合料对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土抗压强度和抗渗性的影响

主要研究了掺合料[m(矿渣):m(粉煤灰)=2:1]、水灰比对硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土抗压强度、抗渗性的影响,并与普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土进行对比。结果表明掺合料使硫铝酸盐水泥基混凝土早期和后期强度都明显降低,抗渗性降低,且掺量越高,其抗压强度、抗渗性降低越明显;另外,硫铝酸盐水泥基、普通硅酸盐水泥基混凝土的抗压强度、抗渗性都随着水灰比的减小,其抗压强度、抗渗性明显提高。     

水泥品种和用量对泡沫混凝土性能的影响

分别以4种42.5水泥作为胶凝材料,使用Ⅱ级粉煤灰替代部分水泥,利用化学发泡法制备了干表观密度≤250 kg/m3的泡沫混凝土。研究了4种水泥对此种泡沫混凝土的发泡倍数、浆体稳定性、抗压强度、干表观密度、体积吸水率和导热系数的影响。试验结果表明:水泥的品种和用量对该泡沫混凝土的各种性能有着不同程度的影响,尤其是对泡沫混凝土抗压强度的影响较明显;4种水泥相比,其中,硅酸盐水泥的效果最好,硫铝酸盐水泥的效果次之,普通硅酸盐水泥的效果第三,矿渣硅酸盐水泥的效果最差。     

超早强硫铝酸盐水泥胶砂的制备与性能研究

通过加入研配的硫铝酸盐水泥专用复合外加剂,配制出早期强度高,流动性好,凝结时间适中的硫铝酸盐水泥基材料.并对其强度、粘结性、抗裂性、体积稳定性、抗冻性、抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能等进行研究.研究结果表明:制备的硫铝酸盐水泥胶砂4h和ld抗压强度可达43.7 MPa和54.4 MPa,具有良好的抗冻性、抗硫酸侵蚀性能,并能与普通硅酸盐水泥胶砂很好的粘结.     

辅助凝胶材料对硫铝酸盐水泥性能影响研究

研究普通硅酸盐水泥、石膏及石灰掺入硫铝酸盐水泥中后对其凝结时间和强度的影响。研究表明:普通硅酸盐水泥掺量增大使得硫铝酸盐水泥凝结时间缩短,强度下降;石灰和石膏的掺入对硫铝酸盐水泥水化有一定的促进作用,且适当的比例对硫铝酸盐水泥的后期强度无不利影响。普通硅酸盐水泥、石灰和石膏的混掺对硫铝酸盐水泥的影响大小则与其掺量的多少有关。     

硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥复配性能研究

基于硫铝酸盐水泥、硅酸盐水泥各自的特点,研究了二者复配后的标准稠度用水量、凝结时间、水化热效应、胶砂强度、膨胀性、水化产物的物相及微观形貌。结果表明,复配水泥的标准稠度用水量因复配比例不同而变化,凝结时间相对于占主导地位的单组分水泥明显缩短;复配水泥的早期水化速率得到提高,1d、7d的水化放热量均低于占主导地位的单组分水泥;28d抗压、抗折强度低于任何单组分水泥;膨胀性的大小取决于两种水泥的复配比例;硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥的复配使二者的水化相互促进,随着硫铝酸盐水泥掺量的增加,Ca(OH)2相的衍射峰减弱,AFt相的衍射峰增强;纯硅酸盐水泥水化后的微观形貌是致密的,而与硫铝酸盐水泥复配后则出现微观裂纹。     

掺硫铝酸盐水泥熟料的富硅酸盐水泥体系的性能研究

研究了硫铝酸盐水泥熟料对复合硅酸盐水泥性能的影响。研究表明,当复合水泥中掺入少量硫铝酸盐水泥熟料后,再配以适量的石膏,可以提高其早期强度,且随着硫铝酸盐水泥熟料掺量的增加,其凝结时间明显缩短。运用XRD等测试方法探讨了硫铝酸盐水泥熟料改善复合水泥性能的机理。硫铝酸盐水泥熟料水化形成的钙矾石和铝胶,对硅酸盐水泥熟料矿物水化有促进作用,这是水泥凝结加快、强度增加的主要原因。     

硅酸盐水泥和铝酸盐水泥复合性能研究

对不同比例硅酸盐水泥和铝酸盐水泥复合胶凝体系凝结时间、力学性能和干缩性能进行了研究.结果表明,硅酸盐水泥和铝酸盐水泥复合胶凝体系中凝结时间、力学性能和干缩性能协调的区间为铝酸盐水泥掺量0～20％或80％～100％.     

阿利特—硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥复合性能的研究

研究了阿利特－硫铝酸盐水泥与硅酸盐水泥复合所制备的水泥的性能。结果表明,复合后水泥的强度性能优于单一品种水泥的性能;凝结时间则由复合体中占比例较多的一种水泥所控制。     

锂盐对硼砂在硫铝酸盐水泥中作用的影响

在硫铝酸盐水泥实际工程应用中,硼砂作为常用的缓凝剂,容易导致硫铝酸盐水泥过度缓凝,为了更好调控水泥的凝结时间,本文研究了锂盐对硼砂在硫铝酸盐水泥中作用的影响,主要从凝结时间、抗压强度、水化产物方面进行了分析.结果表明:当硼砂掺量为0.1％(质量分数,下同)时,氢氧化锂能明显缩短硫铝酸盐水泥的凝结时间,降低水泥的抗压强度...     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。