铸造无碳化物贝氏体耐磨钢的研究与应用

介绍了无碳化物贝氏体耐磨铸钢的合金化设计,研究了铸造无碳化物贝氏体耐磨钢热处理的组织和性能.铸造无碳化物耐磨钢正火低温回火热处理组织由贝氏体铁素体和奥氏体组成,属于非典型贝氏体或无碳化物贝氏体或奥氏体-贝氏体复相组织,淬火低温回火热处理组织由马氏体和残余奥氏体组成,属于马氏体-奥氏体复相组织.结果表明:铸造无碳化物贝氏体耐磨钢正火或淬火后低温回火,材料具有高的强度、高的韧性和高的耐磨性,低碳铸造无碳化物贝氏体耐磨钢具有良好的焊接性能.并介绍了铸造无碳化物贝氏体耐磨钢在矿山机械方面的应用.     

无碳化物贝氏体耐磨铸钢材料的研制与应用

研究了无碳化物贝氏体耐磨铸钢材料的组织、力学性能和耐磨性能。结果表明。热处理采取960-1000℃正火、250-350℃回火。铸钢的组织为贝氏体铁素体和奥氏体组成．为无碳化物贝氏体组织，具有良好的强度和冲击韧度。在450℃回火，出现贝氏体回火脆性，发生贝氏体铁豪体和奥氏体钼织的分解。冲击韧度最低。与几种进口铲齿材料耐磨性试验对比说明，无碳化物贝氏体铸钢铲齿具有良好的耐磨性能。可作为一种新型的铲齿材料，并介绍了奥氏体-贝氏体耐磨材料的实际应用情况。     

G18NiMoCr3-6铸钢的热处理工艺

研究了不同热处理工艺对G18Ni Mo Cr3-6铸钢组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:G18Ni Mo Cr3-6钢经900℃奥氏体化正火后,显微组织为粒状贝氏体,试验铸钢具有最高的强度,但冲击韧性和塑性最低;经900℃奥氏体化正火、630℃回火后,显微组织转变为铁素铁+颗粒状碳化物,试验铸钢强度降低,塑性最高,韧性较好;经900℃奥氏体化淬火、630℃回火后,显微组织为回火索氏体,试验铸钢强度、塑性居中,韧性最高。综合比较,G18Ni Mo Cr3-6铸钢经900℃奥氏体化正火、630℃回火处理后,强塑积最高,综合力学性能最优。     

化学成分对奥氏体-贝氏体铸钢组织与性能的影响

系统地研究了碳、硅成分对奥氏体－贝氏体铸钢显微组织和力学性能的影响。试验结果表明，设定成分的铸钢，在合理等温淬火工艺条件下，可以获得无碳化物析出的奥氏体－贝氏体组织，含有该组织的铸钢具有良好的综合力学性能。     

稀土-硼复合处理对14Ni5CrMoV铸钢强韧性的影响

通过力学性能试验及微观组织分析,研究了稀土-硼复合处理对14Ni5CrMoV铸钢强韧性的影响.结果表明,14Ni5CrMoV铸钢经稀土-硼复合处理后,夹杂物的形态、大小和分布得到改善,铸钢回火后可获得均匀的回火马氏体组织,碳化物弥散分布于马氏体晶内,从而提高了14Ni5CrMoV铸钢的强韧性,尤其显著地改善了钢的低温韧性.     

10Ni5CrMoV钢旋转电弧窄间隙GMAW研究

采用旋转电弧窄间隙GMAW焊接方法对40mm厚10Ni5CrMoV钢进行了焊接。对焊接接头形貌、接头组织、硬度、低温冲击韧性及抗拉强度分别进行了观察和测量。结果表明:焊缝成形较好,没有缺陷,焊缝组织由粒状贝氏体和铁素体组成,焊缝内硬度比较均匀,低温冲击韧性和抗拉强度均符合使用要求,成功实现了大厚板10Ni5CrMoV钢旋转电弧窄间隙焊接。     

等温淬火对中碳低合金高硅铸钢力学性能的影响

研究了等温淬火工艺参数对化学成分(质量分数)为0.42%C,2.1%Si,1.64%Mn,0.9%Cr中低碳低合金铸钢力学性能的影响.光学显微组织、透射电镜组织以及XRD物相分析结果表明,试样在340～380℃范围内经等温淬火处理后,可以获得无碳化物析出的奥氏体-贝氏体组织,且随着等温淬火温度的升高,贝氏体形貌由板条状下贝氏体逐渐向上贝氏体转变,试样的硬度≥HRC 40,冲击韧性ak≥120 J/cm2.     

16MnDR与ZG20SiMn铸钢焊接接头的微观组织与低温性能

采用药芯焊丝气保焊方法焊接了压力容器用低温钢16MnDR和塑性、低温冲击韧性良好的ZG20SiMn铸钢。试验了焊接接头的低温拉伸、弯曲和冲击性能,结果为:焊缝和ZG20SiMn铸钢的低温强度都大于16MnDR,-40℃拉伸试验都断于16MnDR母材;-40℃侧弯试验弯曲角为90°时,在ZG20SiMn铸钢侧出现了大于3mm的裂缝;-40℃焊缝、16MnDR侧和ZG20SiMn侧热影响区的冲击值都大于标准要求的34J,-50℃时ZG20SiMn侧热影响区的冲击韧性已不足。焊缝金属中C、Si和Mn含量合适,并含有对提高低温性能有益的Ni和微量V,微观组织细小,有大量针状铁素体,故焊缝区域有很好的低温塑性和韧性。ZG20SiMn过热区的组织以贝氏体为主,有细小的缩松缺陷,故有较高的强度,弯曲试验在ZG20SiMn侧出现裂纹。     

钼钒对1400 MPa级贝氏体/马氏体复相铸钢力学性能的影响

研究了合金元素Mo、V对碳含量为0.15%⁰.25%的贝氏体/马氏体(B/M)复相铸钢力学性能的影响。结果表明,Mo、V合理配合能大幅提高B/M钢的冲击韧性。组织分析和机理研究认为,Mo破坏晶界和贝氏体/马氏体板条间的碳化物膜,有利于韧性,V的加入起到了沉淀强化的作用,而Mo、V的强韧化效果还需要合适的Mn含量配合。Mo、V合金化B/M复相铸钢抗拉强度超过1 400 MPa;硬度超过44 HRC;缺口冲击韧性可达65 J,具有较佳的强度、硬度和韧性的配合。     

稀土与热处理对高碳铬铸钢碳化物的形态及冲击韧性的影响

研究了稀土与热处理对高碳铬铸钢碳化物的形态及冲击韧性的影响。结果表明，稀土和热处理均能改善高碳铬碳钢碳化物的形态与分布，提高其冲击韧性，尤其稀土与热处理共同作用时，效果更显。     

Effects of Post-weld Heat Treatment on Microstructure,Mechanical Properties and the Role of Weld Reinforcement in 2219 Aluminum Alloy TIG-Welded Joints

In as-welded state, each region of 2219 aluminum alloy TIG-welded joint shows diff erent microstructure and microhardness due to the diff erent welding heat cycles and the resulting evolution of second phases. After the post-weld heat treatment, both the amount and the size of the eutectic structure or θ phases decreased. Correspondingly, both the Cu content in α-Al matrix and the microhardness increased to a similar level in each region of the joint, and the tensile strength of the entire joint was greatly improved. Post-weld heat treatment played the role of solid solution strengthening and aging strengthening. After the post-weld heat treatment, the weld performance became similar to other regions, but weld reinforcements lost their reinforcing eff ect on the weld and their existence was more of an adverse eff ect. The joint without weld reinforcements after the post-weld heat treatment had the optimal tensile properties, and the specimens randomly crack in the weld zone.     

The First Phase of the SRIF Industrialized Base in ＂West Area＂ Has Been Put into Operation

After nearly two years＇ tense construction, the first phase of industrialized base of Shenyang Research Institute of Foundry （SRIF）, located at the Tiexi Casting and Forging Industrial Park in the west of Tiexi District, has now been completed and formally put into operation.     

Thermodynamics Study on the Decomposition of Chromite with KOH

Institute of Process Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, China, has proposed a method for oxidative leaching of chromite with potassium hydroxide. Understanding the mechanism of chromite decomposition, especially in the potassium hydroxide fusion, is important for the optimization of the operating parameters of the oxidative leaching process. A traditional thermodynamic method is proposed and the thermal decomposition and the reaction decomposition during the oxidative leaching of chromite with KOH and oxygen is discussed, which suggests that chromite is mainly destroyed by reactions with KOH and oxygen. Meanwhile, equilibrium of the main reactions of the above process was calculated at different temperatures and oxygen partial pressures. The stable zones of productions, namely, K2CrO4 and Fe2O3, increase with the decrease of temperature, which indicates that higher temperature is not beneficial to thermodynamic reactions. In addition, a comparison of the general alkali methods is carried out, and it is concluded that the KOH leaching process is thermodynamically superior to the conventional chromate production process.     

Influence of Heat Treatment on Damping Behaviour of the Magnesium Wrought Alloy AZ61

The effect of isochronal heat treatments for 1h on variation of damping, hardness and microstructural change of the magnesium wrought alloy AZ61 was investigated. Damping and hardness behaviour could be attributed to the evolution of precipitation process. The influence of precipitation on damping behaviour was explained in the framework of the dislocation string model of Granato and Lücke.     

Effect of Rare Earth Doping on Impedance,Modulus and Conductivity Properties of Multiferroic Composites:0.5(BiLa_xFe_(1-x)O_3)–0.5(PbTiO_3)

The Lanthanum-doped bismuth ferrite–lead titanate compositions of 0.5(Bi LaxFe1-xO3)–0.5(Pb Ti O3)(x = 0.05,0.10,0.15,0.20)(BLxF1-x-PT) were prepared by mixed oxide method.Structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and shows a tetragonal structure at room temperature.The lattice parameter c/a ratio decreases with increasing of La(x = 0.05–0.20) concentration of the composites.The effect of charge carrier/ion hopping mechanism,conductivity,relaxation process and impedance parameters was studied using an impedance analyzer in a wide frequency range(102–106Hz) at different temperatures.The nature of Nyquist plot confirms the presence of bulk effects only,and non-Debye type of relaxation processes occurs in the composites.The electrical modulus exhibits an important role of the hopping mechanism in the electrical transport process of the materials.The ac conductivity and dc conductivity of the materials were studied,and the activation energy found to be 0.81,0.77,0.76 and 0.74 e V for all compositions of x = 0.05–0.20 at different temperatures(200–300 °C).     

Quantitative Analysis of the Crystallographic Orientation Relationship Between the Martensite and Austenite in Quenching–Partitioning–Tempering Steels

The orientation relationships(ORs)between the martensite and the retained austenite in low-and medium-carbon steels after quenching–partitioning–tempering process were studied in this work.The ORs in the studied steels are identified by selected-area electron diffraction(SAED)as either K–S or N–W ORs.Meanwhile,the ORs were also studied based on numerical fitting of electron backscatter diffraction data method suggested by Miyamoto.The simulated K–S and N–W ORs in the low-index directions generally do not well coincide with the experimental pole figure,which may be attributed to both the orientation spread from the ideal variant orientations and high symmetry of the low-index directions.However,the simulated results coincide well with experimental pole figures in the high-index directions{123}_(bcc).A modified method with simplicity based on Miyamoto’s work was proposed.The results indicate that the ORs determined by modified method are similar to those determined by Miyamoto’method,that is,the OR is near K–S OR for the low-carbon Q–P–T steel,and with the increase of carbon content,the OR is closer to N–W OR in medium-carbon Q–P–T steel.     

Using Finite Element and Contour Method to Evaluate Residual Stress in Thick Ti-6Al-4V Alloy Welded by Electron Beam Welding

This work was to reveal the residual stress profile in electron beam welded Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates(50 mm thick) by using finite element and contour measurement methods.A three-dimensional finite element model of 50-mmthick titanium component was proposed,in which a column–cone combined heat source model was used to simulate the temperature field and a thermo-elastic–plastic model to analyze residual stress in a weld joint based on ABAQUS software.Considering the uncertainty of welding simulation,the computation was calibrated by experimental data of contour measurement method.Both test and simulated results show that residual stresses on the surface and inside the weld zone are significantly different and present a narrow and large gradient feature in the weld joint.The peak tensile stress exceeds the yield strength of base materials inside weld,which are distinctly different from residual stress of the thin Ti-6Al-4V alloy plates presented in references before.     

Microstructures and Tensile Properties of Ultrafine-Grained Ni–(1–3.5) wt% SiC_(NP) Composites Prepared by a Powder Metallurgy Route

Silicon carbide nanoparticle-reinforced nickel-based composites(Ni–Si CNP),with a Si CNPcontent ranged from1 to 3.5 wt%,were prepared using mechanical alloying and spark plasma sintering.In addition,unreinforced pure nickel samples were also prepared for comparative purposes.To characterize the microstructural properties of both the unreinforced pure nickel and the Ni–Si CNPcomposites transmission electron microscopy(TEM) was used,while their mechanical behavior was investigated using the Vickers pyramid method for hardness measurements and a universal tensile testing machine for tensile tests.TEM results showed an array of dislocation lines decorated in the sintered pure nickel sample,whereas,for the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the presence of nano-dispersed Si CNPand twinning crystals was observed.These homogeneously distributed Si CNPwere found located either within the matrix,between twins or on grain boundaries.For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,coerced coarsening of the Si CNPassembly occurred with increasing Si CNPcontent.Furthermore,the grain sizes of the Ni–Si CNPcomposites were much finer than that of the unreinforced pure nickel,which was considered to be due to the composite ball milling process.In all cases,the Ni–Si CNPcomposites showed higher strengths and hardness values than the unreinforced pure nickel,likely due to a combination of dispersion strengthening(Orowan effects) and particle strengthening(Hall–Petch effects).For the Ni–Si CNPcomposites,the strength increased initially and then decreased as a function of Si CNPcontent,whereas their elongation percentages decreased linearly.Compared to all materials tested,the Ni–Si CNPcomposite containing 1.5% Si C was found more superior considering both their strength and plastic properties.     

Directional Growth of Tin Crystals Controlled by Combined Solute Concentration Gradient Field and Static Magnetic Field

A new method was introduced to achieve directional growth of Sn crystals. Microstructures in liquid(Pb)/liquid(Sn) diffusion couples were investigated under various static magnetic fields. Results show that the β-Sn crystals mainly reveal an irregular dendritic morphology without or with a relatively low static magnetic field(B0.3 T). When the magnetic field is increased to 0.5 T, the β-Sn dendrites close to the final stage of growth begin to show some directional character. With a further increase in the magnetic field to a higher level(0.8–5 T), the β-Sn dendrites have an enhanced directional growth character, but the dendrites show a certain deflection. As the magnetic field is increased to 12 T, the directional growth of the β-Sn dendrites in the center of the couple is severely destroyed. The mechanism of the directional growth of the β-Sn crystals and the deflection of the β-Sn crystals with the application of static magnetic field was tentatively discussed.     

电化学噪声数据处理方法概述

综述了常见的电化学噪声数据处理方法,介绍了直流趋势剔除、统计分析、快速傅立叶变换(FFT)法计算功率谱密度(PSD)以及小波变换处理电化学噪声信号的基本过程,并阐释了各种数学处理及所得参数的物理意义。