HOMEOWNERSHIP AND NEIGHBORHOOD SATISFACTION AMONG LOW‐ AND MODERATE‐INCOME HOUSEHOLDS

ABSTRACT: Most research on homeownership is conducted on nationally representative samples of homeowners and fails to isolate the unique experience of low‐ and moderate‐income (LMI) homeowners. Given the interest of policymakers in promoting homeownership among LMI households over the past 20 years, along with the apparent role played by risky borrowers—many of whom are low‐income—in the current housing market crisis, it is important to evaluate both economic and social outcomes for this subgroup of homeowners. Using a matched set of LMI owners and renters in the 2007 Community Advantage Program (CAP) panel, we assess the effect of homeownership on neighborhood satisfaction. By including various individual and neighborhood characteristics as covariates, we employ multilevel modeling and propensity score matching to address the nested structure of the data and endogeneity issues. Findings indicate that homeownership is an important predictor of neighborhood satisfaction among LMI households, even when controlling for a host of socioeconomic, demographic, and neighborhood characteristics. This may suggest that homeownership can serve as a viable way to improve neighborhood satisfaction among LMI households. This is important as neighborhood satisfaction is highly associated with overall quality of life.     

FRIENDS AND NEIGHBORS: HOMEOWNERSHIP AND SOCIAL CAPITAL AMONG LOW‐ TO MODERATE‐INCOME FAMILIES

ABSTRACT: This research explores whether homeownership leads to increased individual social capital among low‐ to moderate‐income families. Social capital refers to social resources a person can access through contacts with others in his or her social networks. We theorize that homeownership can motivate interactions with others in one's neighborhood and therefore build social capital. Using a sample of low‐ and moderate‐income homeowners and a matched sample of renters, we collect data on overall social resources and neighborhood‐specific social resources. We find that homeowners have more total social capital resources and more neighborhood social capital resources than renters. Neighborhood group involvement has an indirect effect on social capital, but explains only a small amount of the influence of homeownership. These findings hold when controlling for household‐level and neighborhood‐level sociodemographic variables, as well as when using statistical models that account for endogeneity. Based on this evidence, we conclude that homeownership gives people access to social capital via increased social ties to others. We discuss the implications of this finding for housing policy and suggest new directions for research on social capital.     

NEIGHBORHOOD ATTACHMENT,SOCIAL CAPITAL BUILDING,AND POLITICAL PARTICIPATION: A CASE STUDY OF LOW‐ AND MODERATE‐INCOME RESIDENTS OF WATERLOO,IOWA

ABSTRACT: This case study examines the importance of neighborhood identity and engagement in place‐based social networks within the neighborhood in fostering and stimulating neighborhood‐based participation in the urban political process. Scholars concerned with civic engagement have argued that there is a strong link between the informal ties known as “social capital” and citizen engagement in the larger community. If this linkage can be shown to exist in the neighborhood setting, then it can provide guidance to both scholars and practitioners in utilizing informal, place‐based networks to empower disadvantaged neighborhoods. Evidence presented in this essay, based on interviews with a representative sample of neighborhood residents in the small industrial city of Waterloo, Iowa, suggests that strong informal networks of social capital exist within neighborhoods, but that persons who are more strongly engaged in these networks are not necessarily more involved in the efforts of formal neighborhood associations. However, individuals who are involved in these formal associations are much more likely to be connected to the local and national political systems through voting and other forms of participation.     

PHC桩质量事故的分析及处理

本文主要介绍了某工程基坑开挖后发现大量的高强预应力混凝土管桩偏位及桩顶倾斜情况 ,并就此质量事故进行了分析及处理 ,取得了较好的效果     

钻孔灌注桩质量问题的分析与处理

钻孔灌注桩是常见的一种桩基础形式,目前在水利、电力、交通、城建等行业中广泛应用。但因受地质条件、施工工艺等因素的影响,钻孔灌注桩容易出现质量问题。广州市某花园工程,基础采用钻孔灌注桩,桩基检测后发现部分桩存在质量问题,经分析原因后,采用高压喷射注浆法进行处理后,达到了设计要求,顺利通过验收。     

耐磨地面施工方法及质量保证措施

耐磨地面是具有高强度且耐磨的新型楼地面,它施工简便、适用面广。华能沁北电厂一期工程中,采用耐磨地面取代水磨石地面,加快了施工进度,保证了施工质量,且缩短了工期,为提前交付安装创造了条件.     

保障性住房的质量问题及防治措施

保障性住房建设涉及面广,公益性强,社会影响大,但目前影响工程质量的因素频现,一些问题亟待解决。须从建设程序、设计质量、施工质量检测入手,完善监管制度,确保保障性住房经济适用、功能完善、质量合格。     

立筒库滑模质量事故及处理

某单位１００００ｔ立筒库由１０个筒仓和４个星仓组成。筒仓外径８ｍ ,仓壁厚１８０ｍｍ ,仓顶标高３１．０００ｍ ,装粮标高２９．５００ｍ ,混凝土强度等级为Ｃ３０。标高４．５００ｍ以下采用传统模板 ,４．５００ｍ以上采用滑模施工。筒仓仓壁混凝土初次浇筑高度为６００ｍｍ ,分二层浇筑 ,每层浇筑３００ｍｍ ,混凝土中掺缓凝剂。６００ｍｍ混凝土浇筑完毕后 ,开始初次提升 ,提升高度６０ｍｍ ,出模的混凝土无流淌、粘模现象 ,当日夜里出模的混凝土表面观感尚可 ,但比首次出模的混凝土差 ;第二天出模的混凝土表面粗糙 ,较硬 ,局部有裂…     

现浇梁柱节点施工质量控制

现浇梁柱节点是多层框架结构破坏的主要部位,从节点混凝土、钢筋、模板三方面分析确保其施工质量的措施。     

某砖混结构房屋质量问题分析与处理

某砖混结构房屋在平面布局、层高、轴网尺寸、柱截面尺寸和配筋等多方面与原设计不符。为确保安全使用,对其进行了现场检测和结构验算,分析了结构承载力不足的原因,并提出了相应的加固处理方法。     

THE EXTERNAL NEIGHBORHOOD EFFECTS OF LOW‐INCOME HOUSING TAX CREDIT PROJECTS BUILT BY THREE SECTORS

ABSTRACT: This study examines the external neighborhood effects of Low‐Income Housing Tax Credit (LIHTC) Projects built in Santa Clara County, California from 1987 to 2000. Three types of developers have built LIHTC projects in this area: nonprofit, for‐profit, and a county public housing authority. Using a difference‐in‐difference hedonic regression approach, this study finds that almost all the LIHTC projects examined have generated significantly positive impacts on nearby property value. In particular, the study also finds that most nonprofit projects have delivered benefits similar to those of for‐profit projects. Yet projects built by some of the largest nonprofits and the county housing authority have generated the greatest neighborhood impacts. Low‐income neighborhoods have also benefited more from LIHTC developments than other types of neighborhoods.     

胶合板模板质量通病分析与防治

胶合板模板施工技术作为建设部十项推广应用新技术之一,其使用量越来越大。多年的施工实践表明,胶合板模板具有降低工人劳动强度、便于施工、易于组合、成本较低等优点,但也容易产生跑模、漏浆、接口不平、接缝错位等通病。如何有效地防止上述质量通病的产生,是保证工程主体质量的关键。     

关于浓差能本质及浓差能理论转换效率的再研究

浓差能是一种具有许多独特优点而表现形式较为抽象的新型能源,目前已日益引起人们的兴趣和重视。本文在文献(3)基础上,对浓差能本质及浓差能理论转换效率作了进一步的研究,内容包括两方面:1)对浓差能与机械能在本质上完全一致的观点提出了较严格的证明;2)推导出以膜法为基础的浓差能理论转换效率公式,指出任何理想转换机器在其最大功率输出点处的转换效率均不可能超过η=K/(1 K),这里K是与渗透过程有关的参数。     

桃夭门大桥钢箱梁制造关键工艺及质量控制

对舟山大陆连岛工程桃夭门大桥主桥钢箱梁制造关键工艺技术进行了介绍,并阐述了生产过程中的质量控制措施。     

钻孔过程监测(DPM)对工程岩体质量评价方法的完善与提升

提出能够完善和提升现有工程岩体质量评价方法的一套新技术、新方法和新规律.新技术为现场钻孔过程监测(DPM)技术.新方法为钻孔过程时空数据的快速直观时间序列分析方法.新规律为钻头进深随时间曲线呈分段线性变化,每段钻进速度是常数,每一常数钻速段代表一个均匀抗钻岩石(岩块),常数钻速之间的突变点或低钻速段分别为钻孔穿过岩块间断面的截点或截段.DPM可以提供工程岩体质量评价完善和提升所需要的新的测量方法和数据,从而可以快速、有效、定量地测量到岩石块体的单轴抗压强度、大小和地下分布,以及岩石块体之间界面断面的产状、延伸、凸凹起伏平整度、厚度和充填物质的物理和力学性质.通过实例来介绍、分析和解释这套技术、方法和规律.并且给出DPM钻孔过程监测完善和提升现有工程岩体质量评价RQD,Q,RMR和BQ方法的具体途径和计算公式,能更客观全面地确定岩块单轴抗压强度、岩体质量指标、岩体完整程度、岩石坚硬程度和间断面.     

大型复杂钢结构钢构件制作和质量监控

望京S0HO-T3工程钢构件数量多、种类杂,且钢梁尺寸均不相同,构件加工难度很大。在构件加工环节对复杂节点进行三维实体放样,监造人员在原材料、放样、组模、焊接等工序力强监控,保证了钢构件的加工质量。     

桃夭门大桥钢箱梁制造关键工艺及质量控制

对舟山大陆连岛工程桃夭门大桥主桥钢箱梁制造关键工艺技术进行了介绍,并阐述了生产过程中的质量控制措施.     

工程项目管理中风险与质量、成本、安全、进度

风险管理是项目管理的重要内容,对风险的正确估计是项目成功的重要因素.为确保工程的顺利进行,在项目建设之前必须对工程质量、安全、投资、进度等四大目标进行风险分析与控制,针对施工方的风险管理,对四大控制的风险影响因素进行了探讨,将其影响因素归纳为:自然因素,人为因素,政治经济因素,管理因素,社会因素等;进而按照上述风险因素...     

建筑工程观感质量的多级模糊综合评价方法

通过分析《建筑工程施工质量验收统一标准》(GB5 0 30 0 2 0 0 1) ,运用多级模糊综合评价的方法 ,评价这一标准中的建筑观感质量 ,并给出评价建筑工程观感质量的数学模型     

厚大基础底板大体积混凝土浇筑质量控制

望京SOHO-T3工程地下建筑面积38212 m~2,底板厚1200~3200mm,最厚达8850mm。施工中从大体积混凝土的特点入手,结合现场实际情况,编制了切实可行的技术方案,保证了混凝土连续浇筑;采取措施降低混凝土内外温差,加强养护工作,确保了大体积混凝土质量。