Identification and characterization of multifunctional cationic peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of soybean proteins

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Identification and characterization of multifunctional cationic peptides from traditional Japanese fermented soybean Natto extracts

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Immunomodulation by hydrolysates and peptides derived from milk proteins

Milk protein‐derived peptides have shown immunomodulatory properties either singly or in a mixture. However, information on the behaviour of these compounds is scarce, complicating their further study. This review presents current knowledge on immunomodulatory milk protein‐derived peptides, including hydrolysates, peptide fractions and single peptides. The evidence shows that hydrolysates derived from both casein and whey proteins show immunomodulatory effects; however, this bioactivity is mainly attributed to peptides derived from caseins. The identification of peptides in hydrolysates, as well as their characterisation and knowledge of the mechanisms behind their bioactivity, is necessary to further exploit their potential health benefits.     

Identification of cationic peptides derived from low protein rice by-products and evaluation of their multifunctional activities

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大豆玉米复合肽液态发酵工艺优化

以豆粕和玉米蛋白粉为原料,应用枯草芽孢杆菌液态发酵制备大豆玉米复合肽。首先考察豆粕和玉米蛋白粉配比、发酵温度、摇床转速、发酵时间和接种量对复配蛋白的水解度和肽转化率的影响。在此基础上应用四因素三水平响应面实验设计对液态发酵工艺进行优化,并建立了相应的回归模型。结果表明,豆粕和玉米蛋白粉配比为2∶1时,液态发酵的优化工艺参数为:发酵温度为37℃、摇床转速为184 r/min、发酵时间为51 h、接种量为4%。在此条件下发酵的蛋白水解度为25.73%±1.78%、肽转化率为33.23%±1.06%,与理论预测值基本相符。该研究结果为豆粕和玉米蛋白粉的深加工及综合利用提供科学参考。      

大豆源生物活性肽的研究进展

与具有相同氨基酸组成的大豆蛋白质相比,大豆蛋白酶解物中的大豆多肽具有许多独特的理化特性与生物学活性.目前,从大豆蛋白中已分离出多种纯化的大豆生物活性肽,如降血压肽、免疫调节肽、抗氧化肽等,对这些大豆活性肽的研究情况进行了综述,以期为大豆活性肽的研究开发提供基础资料.     

超声波辅助酶法制备大豆蛋白抗氧化肽的研究

采用超声波辅助木瓜蛋白酶水解大豆蛋白的方法制备抗氧化肽。结果表明,大豆蛋白的最佳水解条件如下:90℃预处理15min,pH6.5,[E]/[S]为7%,超声波处理30min,65℃水解3h,水解度可达19.2%。大豆蛋白肽抗氧化性的高低和水解度的大小没有直接的线性关系,采用此法制备大豆蛋白抗氧化肽的效果较好,具有良好的应用前景。     

Preparation,properties, and uses of enzymatic milk protein hydrolysates

Enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins has been a subject of numerous research studies and patents. The driving force for these studies has been the increased utilization of milk proteins. The industrial uses of milk proteins are based on their unique composition, functionality, and nutritive values. The diversity of milk protein fraction, the large number of proteinases, and controlled hydrolysis conditions used resulted in the preparation of hydrolysates suitable for several purposes. Enzymatic hydrolysis of milk proteins modifies the techno-functional and biofunctional properties of hydrolysates depending on the enzyme(s) and hydrolysis conditions used. Milk protein hydrolysates (MPH) are used commonly in normal and clinical nutrition and as a functional food ingredient. In the present review, emphasis has been made to highlight methods applied for the preparation of MPH, and the functional properties and utilization of the obtained hydrolysates.     

Biologically active peptides obtained by enzymatic hydrolysis of Adzuki bean seeds

This study investigated the antioxidant and antihypertensive activities of peptides obtained from protein fractions of Adzuki bean seeds. Peptides were obtained by the use of hydrolytic enzymes in vitro under gastrointestinal conditions. A determination was made of the activity of the peptide inhibitors of the angiotensin I converting enzyme (ACE), and the antiradical and ion chelating activity of peptides from different protein fractions. The highest peptide levels after the absorption process (<7 kDa) were noted in the albumin fraction (50.69 μg/ml). Furthermore, it was found that peptides from the prolamin fraction were characterised by the highest antiradical activity and ACE inhibitory activity (IC₅₀ = 0.17 mg/ml). Peptides obtained from the globulin fraction showed the highest ability to chelate iron ions, and peptides from the glutelin fraction were characterised as being the most effective in the chelation of copper ions.     

大豆蛋白活性肽在相关行业中的应用

介绍了大豆蛋白活性肽的生理功能，详述了大豆蛋白活性肽的应用领域。由于大豆肽适量的分子量和适的氨基酸排序，赋予了其很高的营养价值和生理活性。与大分子蛋白和小分子氨基酸相比，肽更易被人体和动物体吸收利用，可通过血液直接进入人体器官内参与机能代谢，具有各种生理功能；同时，肽具有很好的物理性能，低粘度、易溶解、高浓度下流动性好、pH不受温度变化影响，较强的吸湿性等，这决定了大豆蛋白活性肽除具有很高的生理活性和营养价值外，还具有很好的加工性能，大豆蛋白活性肽的行业应用将具有广阔的前景。     

大豆蛋白和玉米蛋白酶解肽及其活性研究

将大豆蛋白和玉米蛋白按一定比例复配,采用碱性蛋白酶酶解。当酶解条件为:pH=10,45℃,酶解3h,酶浓度为7u/ml,底物浓度为0.8g/50ml时,复配物的水解度及氮溶解指数均最高,且具有较好的抗油脂氧化能力;酶解物的抗羟基自由基活性与水解度并非正相关关系,水解时间是影响·OH抑制率的主要因素,水解2h时,酶解物对·OH的抑制率高于80%。氨基酸分析表明:两种蛋白质复配后营养价值提高,可作为生产高F值寡肽的原料。     

双酶水解制备大豆多肽的研究

研究了双酶分步水解和双酶混合同步水解制备大豆多肽的效果,对双酶分步作用的加酶顺序以及在加第二种酶之前是否需要使第一种酶失活进行了讨论.     

Assessment of the residual immunoreactivity of soybean whey hydrolysates obtained by combined enzymatic proteolysis and high pressure

Soybean (Glycine max) whey was hydrolyzed for 15 min using three food-grade proteases (Alcalase, Neutrase, Corolase PN-L) at atmospheric pressure (0.1 MPa) and under high pressure (HP) at 100, 200, and 300 MPa. All hydrolysates were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and their residual immunoreactivity was assessed by immunoblotting using the sera from children allergic to soybean. As shown in SDS-PAGE, Alcalase, Neutrase, and Corolase PN-L produced different patterns of hydrolysis. Each enzyme showed a similar proteolytic activity at atmospheric pressure and at 100 MPa, while an increased degree of hydrolysis was observed at 200 and 300 MPa. No residual antigenicity was observed in the hydrolysates obtained by Alcalase and Corolase PN-L in all considered conditions of hydrolysis. A positive reaction associated with a band having molecular weight of about 70 kDa was observed in the immunoblotting of the hydrolysates obtained with Neutrase at 0.1, 100, and 200 MPa, while no antigenicity was detected for those samples obtained under high pressure, at 300 MPa. These results suggest that high pressure combined with suitable enzymatic activity could be a useful tool for obtaining hydrolysates with low immunoreactivity to be used in special foods (hypoallergenic foods).     

木瓜蛋白酶水解绿豆蛋白制备可溶性肽的研究

通过研究木瓜蛋白酶对绿豆蛋白的水解作用,分析了酶浓度、底物浓度、温度、pH、水解时间等因素对水解度的影响,从而确定木瓜蛋白酶水解绿豆蛋白制备绿豆多肽的最佳水解条件,并利用葡聚糖凝胶（SephadexG-15）柱层析测定绿豆多肽分子量。实验结果表明,当水解度为30%时,绿豆多肽分子量绝大多数在1000Da以下。      

大豆肽的理化性质及其对脂肪氧合酶活性的影响

用中性蛋白酶AS1.398水解大豆分离蛋白,经超滤分离得到具有抗氧化活性的大豆肽。研究了大豆肽的一些理化特性及其对脂肪氧合酶活性的影响。结果表明,大豆肽的氨基酸组成和大豆分离蛋白基本相同,并具有良好的溶解性,大豆肽在0.1～500mg/ml浓度范围内对大豆脂肪氧合酶有明显的抑制作用,在低浓度(0.1～0.5mg/ml)与高浓度(250～500mg/ml)下抑制率较高,均大于90%,而在中等浓度(1～100mg/ml)下抑制率较低,均不到80%。     

大豆蛋白的酶水解产物研究

大豆蛋白含有多种蛋白成分,其酶水解物非常复杂.为探索其中规律,采用Protamex酶对大豆蛋白进行有限水解,测定了水解液中氨基氮含量、三氯乙酸中可溶性氮含量随水解度的变化曲线,并采用凝胶层析过滤色谱分析了不同水解时间水解物分子量的变化,发现大豆分离蛋白中存在一些Protamex不容易水解成分,大豆分离蛋白的Protamex水解过程是一个不均匀的过程.     

鹰嘴豆肽、大豆肽功能性质的研究

研究对比了鹰嘴豆肽和大豆肽的水解度、抗氧化性、吸油性、吸湿及保湿性等功能特性的差异,以及蛋白酶种类对肽产物功能性质的影响。结果表明,①酶Ⅱ(Protease from Bacillus sp.)制备的蛋白肽抗氧化性和吸油能力最好,且在低湿度下的吸湿性和高湿度下的保湿性也最好;酶Ⅲ(Papain from papaya latex)制备的蛋白肽水解度最高;酶Ⅰ(Protease fromAspergillus melleus)制备的蛋白肽在不同湿度条件下都有较好的吸湿性能。②大豆肽的水解度和抗氧化能力比鹰嘴豆肽好。③Desi肽吸油能力最强,在抗氧化性上仅次于大豆肽,高低湿度环境下都有很好的保湿能力,其中Desi肽Ⅱ这些特征最为明显。④Kabuli肽在不同湿度条件下的吸湿和保湿能力都较好。     

Purification and identification of immunomodulating peptides from enzymatic hydrolysates of Alaska pollock frame

To prepare immunomodulating peptides from Alaska pollock frame (APF) hydrolysates, trypsin was employed for enzymatic hydrolysis, and the immunomodulating activities of the hydrolysates were studied using splenic lymphocytes proliferation assay. The highest activity of the hydrolysates was reached when DH ranged from 15% to 18%. The peptide fractions which exhibited the highest activity were further purified using ion exchange chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and RP-HPLC. The peptides were identified using nano-LC-ESI mass spectrometry. Finally, three immunomodulating peptides were obtained, and the amino acid sequences were Asn-Gly-Met-Thr-Tyr, Asn-Gly-Leu-Ala-Pro, and Trp-Thr, respectively. The lymphocyte proliferation rates were 35.92%, 32.96%, and 31.35% in the presence of 20 μg/ml purified peptides, respectively. Therefore, the results demonstrated that the APF proteins hydrolysates prepared by trypsin could serve as a source of peptides with immunomodulating activity. It provided a scientific basis for the preparation of immunomodulating peptides.     

大豆蛋白活性肽的研究现状及应用前景

介绍了大豆蛋白活性肽的理化特性、生物活性,大豆蛋白活性肽的研究进展及目前所存在的问题.由于大豆肽具有各种生理功能和良好的理化性能,决定了大豆肽除了有很高的生理活性和营养价值外,还具有很好的加工性能.大豆蛋白活性肽的应用将具有广阔的发展前景.     

Purification and identification of angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitory peptides from beef hydrolysates

Sarcoplasmic protein extracts from beef rump (biceps femoris) were hydrolyzed (for 0, 4, 8, 12, and 24 h) with three enzymes or their paired combinations. Ultrafiltration, gel-filtration, and RP-HPLC were used to separate angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitory peptides from the hydrolysates. The highest ACE inhibitory activity of enzyme hydrolysates resulted from 4 h incubation with enzymes or their paired combinations. The activities of gel filtrated fractions from these hydrolysates were assayed in vitro, demonstrating that the 3rd peak of enzyme thermolysin + proteinase A hydrolysate had the highest ACE inhibition activity (52.8%). The 3rd peak of this hydrolysate was separated by RP-HPLC into five peaks, of which peak 3 showed 30.1% ACE inhibition activity. Its peptide sequence was determined to be Val-Leu-Ala-Gln-Tyr-Lys. The results suggested that this peptide may be a potent ACE inhibitor which might perhaps be used to develop beef with a bioactive peptide to lower blood pressure.