一种基于VSLAM的室内导航地图制备方法

针对室内复杂环境下导航地图制备问题,提出一种采用图像传感器进行导航地图制备的方法。首先,基于VSLAM技术估计相机位姿,经后端优化后生成环境三维点云;其次,筛选出地面点云,基于随机采样一致性算法得到精确的地面平面方程;最后,投影机器人通行环境区域的点云至二维栅格地图,通过利用贝叶斯方法更新栅格占用状态后,实现室内导航地图的制备。实验结果表明,基于VSLAM制备的室内导航地图精度满足导航要求,且不同于传统激光地图构建方法,地图中包含环境的三维结构信息,在进行路径规划实验中,避免了规划的路径穿过低矮物体及悬空物体的错误。     

基于激光投射的室内视觉导航地图创建方法

针对基于图像分割的室内视觉导航地图创建方法存在无法准确获取导航地图等问题,提出一种利用激光投射的创建方法。在室内天花板上安装激光发射装置,通过激光光斑在图像中实际位置与预测位置的差计算投射区域的高度,利用获得的高度信息创建导航地图。搭建了验证导航地图创建算法的实验平台,实验结果表明,本文方法能够获得地面高度分布,可以创建准确的室内导航地图。     

基于ROS的激光SLAM室内建图定位导航智能机器人设计

文章基于Linux系统上的ROS平台实现基本的SLAM算法,机器人可以实现构建室内地图、室内自动避障导航及室内定位等功能。底层主要以STM32和树莓派为核心,通过陀螺仪和码盘电机得到机器人方位和行走里程,使用激光雷达获取室内地图信息。在ROS上执行相应脚本,调用Gmapping,ACML算法实现室内地图构建和定位。     

基于ROS的无人派件精灵系统设计

该文主要是对物流配送机器人在校园、社区、室内等环境下的物流配送的"路径规划-包裹配送-运动控制-环境建模-位置定位"展开研究。采用了ROS(Robot Operating System)机器人操作系统作为整个物流配送机器人的核心,通过ROS开源操作系统的功能包结合外围传感器来结合PID算法的差速运动模型来实现对机器人的任意角度运动控制以及远程控制,通过外围传感器进行对周边的环境信息进行感知结合SLAM算法进行二维地图的构建。通过在构建好的地图上进行设计一个起始点和一个目标点,物流配送机器人在该地图中进行路径规划,在规划好的路线执行导航到目标点,在导航的途中遇到障碍物,机器人会自动的避开障碍物或者从新规划路线,从而来实现包裹从起始点到目标点的配送工作。     

基于虚拟现实的移动机器人真实环境三维建模系统

传统的虚拟现实（VR）技术通过人为建模的方式生成室内三维地图模型，存在速度慢、模型与现实物体尺度之间存在偏差的问题。鉴于此，提出基于VR的移动机器人的真实环境三维建模系统。首先通过视觉同时定位与建图（SLAM）技术快速地获取室内的高精度稠密三维点云地图；其次将三维点云通过曲面重建算法重建为室内三维模型并导入到unity 3D中；然后借助VR设备将室内三维模型置于三维立体的虚拟环境中；最后通过视觉SLAM技术实现移动机器人在室内环境的重定位，实时映射机器人在模型中的位姿，完成交互。利用视觉SLAM技术构建三维地图模型不仅快速，解决了场景尺度偏差的问题，且实现地图的重复使用。同时VR技术也使操作人员可以获得强烈的沉浸感，从而更好地理解机器人的工作环境。     

一种融合深度相机与激光雷达的室内移动机器人建图与导航方法

为解决室内移动机器人导航过程中容易碰撞障碍物的问题,本文提出一种融合深度相机和激光雷达的室内移动机器人建图与导航方法,在机器人底盘上安装激光雷达、深度相机和里程计,利用Gmapping算法进行室内二维地图构建,同时用ROS中depthimage_to_laserscan功能包对深度图像进行二维投影,生成的二维栅格地图与...     

室内激光雷达导航系统设计

小型无人机和移动机器人技术迅速发展,对室内导航技术的要求越来越高,针对当前室内导航精度不高、导航设备比较复杂的问题,提出一种采用激光雷达定位和地磁传感器检测相结合的室内主动导航方法。该方法首先使用激光雷达扫描室内环境,用采集到的数据拟合出室内地图,根据目的地信息和室内的环境信息来规划行进的路线;然后在行进中使用激光雷达连续地扫描得到数据与地图数据进行比较,来确定所处的位置,同时使用地磁传感器取得行驶的方向,二者相结合判断是否在规划的路线上行驶,及时地对出现的偏差进行纠正;最后通过搜索RFID地标确定是否已经到达指定位置。仿真和实验的结果表明:所设计的室内激光雷达导航系统结构简单、可靠性高,能够较好地满足室内导航的要求。     

基于深度相机的机器人室内定位技术研究

机器人在室内运动时,需要创建环境地图并估计位姿,以实现自主定位和导航。针对机器人的同时定位与地图创建(SLAM)问题,采用动态贝叶斯网络描述SLAM状态转移过程。通过不断迭代更新机器人的位置估计和修正估计值,完成机器人的室内定位。基于深度相机采集的RGB图像信息,进行相邻帧图像的特征提取与匹配,估算机器人当前位姿。然后使用迭代最近点算法优化初始位姿。以初始位姿为节点,相邻帧的约束关系为边创建节点图。进一步采用Hogman算法对整个节点图进行动态优化,得到全局一致的室内地图。最后根据优化后的节点图,多帧数据叠加就可得到三维地图。实验采用华硕Xtion Pro Live深度相机,实验室地点为目标,成功创建了环境的三维地图,验证了方法的有效性和可行性。     

AR导航在室内场景应用方案探讨

几个世纪以来,人们对导航的需求日益增长,现代建设设计的复杂程度使得人们对导航的需求越发强烈。为进一步研究对比室内导航定位技术,介绍了几种主流室内导航定位技术的原理及国内发展情况,包括无线（Wi-Fi）定位技术、蓝牙定位技术、UWB定位技术。基于传统方案的分析,总结方案的应用短板,说明室内定位导航的急迫性。提出了AR导航方案,说明了AR导航定位的实现及关键技术,探讨了该技术在目前市场上的优势及应用存在的问题,并在此基础上总结AR导航3个重点应用场景。     

移动机器人的同时定位与地图创建的算法研究

移动机器人的同时定位与地图创建是当前机器人领域研究的基本问题与热点,也是实现智能机器人实现自主导航和控制决策的关键。本文从基于贝叶斯滤波器模型和基于图优化平滑模型两个方面对移动机器人同时定位与地图创建(SLAM)的研究进行了综述,介绍了这两种模型的基本框架以及关键技术,阐述了模型的各种不同实现形式,分析了这些算法的性能,并探讨了这些算法的优缺点以及相关难点的解决思路。最后对基于滤波器模型和基于平滑模型的同时定位与地图创建的未来发展进行展望。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.