矿渣砂对混凝土抗压强度和劈裂抗拉强度的影响差异

使用活性低的矿渣作为细骨料配制矿渣砂混凝土,将该混凝土与使用普通河砂的混凝土进行强度实验对比,并通过扫描电子显微镜观察混凝土硬化浆体中矿渣砂和普通河砂的微观形貌,研究了矿渣砂作为细骨料使用时对混凝土强度的影响。结果显示：无论是在标准养护条件还是高温蒸养条件下,矿渣砂混凝土各个龄期的抗压强度都略低于普通河砂混凝土,但是两者的劈裂抗拉强度相差不大,矿渣砂混凝土后期的劈裂抗拉强度甚至超过普通砂混凝土。部分矿渣砂的表面发生了水化反应,其水化产物与水泥的水化产物相互搭接,对混凝土的劈裂抗拉强度有一定的贡献。     

钢渣在蒸养条件下的安定性

通过测定钢渣在不同蒸养温度条件下的化学结合水和抗压强度,以及对水化产物进行XRD和SEM分析,探讨了钢渣在蒸养条件下的安定性问题。结果显示:提高蒸养温度能够明显促进钢渣中胶凝组分的水化,同时也在一定程度上加快了影响安定性的组分的反应;当蒸养温度达到80℃时,能够明显加速游离CaO的反应,破坏钢渣硬化浆体的微结构;蒸养对钢渣中RO相和MgO矿物的反应活性影响较小。     

蒸养条件下水泥-磷渣复合胶凝材料的水化产物的长龄期特征

本文通过X射线衍射仪(XRD)、同步热分析仪、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及能谱仪(EDS)研究了蒸养条件下水泥-磷渣复合胶凝材料一年龄期的水化产物的特征.结果表明:含磷渣的复合胶凝材料并未产生不同于水泥的晶态水化产物,但促进了钙矾石(AFt)向单硫型水化硫铝酸钙(AFm)的转化;1年龄期时,经80℃蒸养的水泥-磷渣复合胶凝材料的硬化浆体中仍能明显观察到未反应的磷渣颗粒;磷渣的火山灰反应消耗了一部分Ca(OH)2,磷渣颗粒与周围结构中的Ca(OH)2及C-S-H凝胶粘结紧密;水泥-磷渣复合胶凝材料水化产生的C-S-H凝胶的Ca/Si比低于纯水泥水化产生的C-S-H凝胶.     

养护高温对复合胶凝材料水化性能的影响

养护温度对胶凝材料的水化速度和硬化浆体结构有重大影响。本文重点对比研究在常温（20℃）以及高温（65℃）下养护的不同组成的胶凝材料水化性能和硬化浆体的显微结构。原材料采用北京兴发水泥有限公司生产的混凝土外加剂性能检测用基准水泥与内蒙古元宝山一级粉煤灰。试验组C为纯水泥净浆试样，F1为粉煤灰掺量为25％的净浆试样，水胶比（w／b）均采用0.4。     

3CaO·3A1＿2O＿3·BaSO＿4浆体结构的SEM研究

利用ＳＥＭ研究了在掺与不掺石膏的条件下，新水泥熟料矿物３ＣａＯ·３Ａ１＿２Ｏ＿３．ＢａＳＯ＿４的水化产物及其浆体结构。纯３ＣａＯ·３Ａ１＿２Ｏ＿３．ＢａＳＯ＿４水化很快，具有致密的浆体结构，从而具有很高的抗压强度。掺入石膏后，３ＣａＯ·３Ａ１＿２Ｏ＿３．ＢａＳＯ＿４的水化反应受到阻碍，使浆体孔隙率上升，强度下降。含钡硫铝酸盐水泥不应与石膏混合使用。     

聚合物乳液对硅酸盐水泥水化硬化影响的电镜研究

本文通过扫描电镜对加入聚合物水泥水化试体各龄期水化产物形态的观察,研究了二种类型的聚合物乳液(不含羧基的、及含羧基的)对硅酸盐水泥水化硬化的影响。结果表明,聚醋酸乙烯酯乳液(PVAc)在水泥试体中能成膜,并吸附包裹水泥颗粒及其水化产物,但不影响纤维状水化物等结晶的形成;而聚丙烯酸聚酯乳液(PAE)则因含有羧基。要参与水泥的水化反应,并影响纤维状水化物等结晶的形成。二种聚合物乳液都能改善其强度等性能,但作用机理是不同的。     

大掺量矿渣复合胶凝材料的硬化浆体形貌特征

通过扫描电镜观察了大掺量矿渣复合胶凝材料在不同水化龄期的硬化浆体形貌,并与水泥硬化浆体形貌进行对比,研究了矿渣在复合胶凝材料中的水化性能与硬化浆体形貌特征的关系.结果显示:大掺量矿渣复合胶凝材料水化早期的浆体结构比水泥浆体结构疏松,28天的浆体结构比水泥浆体结构致密.水化早期,矿渣颗粒被水泥水化产物包裹,与水泥浆体界面薄弱;水化后期,矿渣颗粒的水化产物与水泥水化产物紧密结合,颗粒与水泥浆体的界面牢固.     

硫氧镁水泥微观结构与力学性能研究

本文探讨了硫氧镁水泥(MOS)的微观结构和力学性能。结果发现硫氧镁水泥具有较高的力学性能，这得益于硫氧镁水泥的孔径主要分布在纳米量级上，几乎没有有害大孔，以及棒状的水化产物堆积交叉。MOS水泥主要由未完全反应氧化镁和水化产物5 Mg(OH)₂·MgSO₄·7H₂O(5·1·7相)组成，5·1·7相微观形貌为微米级的棒状结构。     

钢渣在强碱性条件下的早期水化性能

本文选用浓度为1.2 mol/L和1.6 mol/L的NaOH溶液为激发剂,研究强碱性环境对钢渣水化1 d和7 d的水化产物、微观形貌及水化结合水的影响,并与钢渣在60℃时的水化性能进行了比较。结果表明:强碱性环境和高温能够促进钢渣活性组分(C2S、C3S和C12A7)的早期水化,但钢渣中的非活性组分(RO和Fe3O4)的水化程度很低;强碱环境和高温对钢渣水化的水化产物种类的影响差异很小;钢渣水化产物的化学结合水量随着碱度的增加而增大,相比于高温,强碱环境对钢渣早期水化的促进作用较大。     

胶乳对油井水泥水化产物和硬化浆体微结构的影响

利用XRD和SEM?EDS对胶乳油井水泥水化产物及硬化浆体微结构进行了研究。结果表明胶乳并没有改变油井水泥水化产物的种类;微观形貌显示,胶乳的掺入使得水化产物表面形成一层绒状的物质结构,堆积紧密的六方叠片状的Ca（ OH）2晶体形貌变得松散薄片状分布。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.