基于Sobel的多方向算子模板边缘检测算法

针对传统Sobel算子存在的边缘检测方向性不强及提取边缘较粗等问题,提出了一种改进的多方向算子模板的边缘检测算法。算法增加了22.5°,45°,67.5°,112.5°,135°和157.5°六个方向算子模板,能够较好地检测出图像不同的方向边缘。模板权值根据中心像素点到邻域像素的距离及方向夹角的大小进行设定,充分考虑到了邻域内像素对中心点方向梯度的贡献大小;算法对梯度图像采用了改进的非极大值抑制方法进行细化,得到了较细的图像边缘。实验结果表明,与传统Sobel算法相比,该算法提取的边缘图像具有边缘方向性强且边缘较细的优点,具有较高的应用价值。     

一种简化卷积模板的抗噪型边缘检测算法

针对传统Sobel算法在边缘定位精度不高、抗噪性能差以及提取边缘较粗等不足,提出一种简化卷积模板的抗噪型边缘检测算法。算法定义了水平方向、垂直方向、45°方向和135°方向的四个简化卷积模板计算图像梯度。在计算方向梯度时,先对参与梯度计算的像素点采用阈值法进行脉冲噪声判断,将灰度值在设定阈值范围内的点视为噪声点,采用3×3窗口进行中值滤波,然后参与梯度计算,对于非噪声点,用其原值计算梯度;对获得的梯度图像进行细化处理并提取边缘图像。仿真实验表明,文中算法提取的图像边缘较细、定位精度较高,而且对脉冲噪声具有较强的抑制能力,图像整体清晰、噪声边缘较少。算法在边缘检测效果及噪声抑制能力上均优于传统的边缘检测算法及小波模变换算法。     

基于Sobel算子的改进边缘检测算法

提出了一种基于Sobel算子改进的边缘检测算法。该算法在传统Sobel算子模板基础上增加了45°方向和135°方向两个模板,提高了边缘定位的精度。在计算图像梯度时结合了方向拆分法,将每个方向梯度与两个子方向半个模板对应的像素点之和分别求比值,选择最大者作为该方向的梯度值,然后将四个方向梯度的最大值作为窗口中心点的梯度,最后对梯度图像进行阈值分割和细化,得到边缘图像。实验证明,算法获取的图像边缘与传统Sobel算法相比,具有定位准确、图像边缘较细的优点。     

一种抑制脉冲噪声的边缘检测算法

提出了一种针对脉冲噪声图像的边缘检测算法,算法借鉴了中值滤波的思想,并采用十字型卷积模板计算图像梯度。首先,对参与图像中梯度计算的像素点进行阈值判断,如果是噪声点,该点像素值用3x3窗口中值滤波结果值替代,然后参与梯度计算,如果不是噪声点则直接参与梯度计算;其次对梯度图像进行细化和二值化以提取边缘图像。实验证明,本文算法对脉冲噪声污染图像边缘检测效果良好,较好地抑制了脉冲噪声的影响,而且提取的图像边缘较细,轮廓清晰。和传统的边缘检测算法及基于小波模变换的边缘检测算法相比,算法在抑噪能力上和边缘提取效果上均比较优秀。     

基于Sobel算子的医学图像边缘检测研究

边缘检测是图像处理过程的关键技术.由于医学图像的特殊性,检测边缘的准确性对疾病的诊断和治疗有着重大的影响.针对传统Sobel算法存在定位不精确、提取边缘较粗等不足,提出了一种改进算法.算法在传统Sobel算子模板基础上增加了45°方向和135°方向两个模板,提高了边缘定位的精度,采取局部梯度均值作为阈值对初始梯度图像进行局部梯度筛选,局部弱边缘得到增强,然后对处理后梯度图像进行细化和提取,得到边缘图像.实验证明,算法获取的图像边缘与传统Sobel算法相比,具有定位准确、边连续性好和边缘较细等优点,在医学图像处理中具有一定的实用性.     

一种基于Sobel算子梯度增强的边缘检测算法

针对传统Sobel算子在图像边缘检测中存在的弱边缘提取较差及边缘较粗等不足,提出了一种局部梯度增强的检测算法.算法采用改进的Sobel算子卷积模板计算图像梯度;然后对梯度图像采用局部标准差方法增强局部弱边缘的梯度,最后对局部梯度增强的图像进行细化处理并提取图像边缘,得到边缘图像.实验结果表明,该算法获取的边缘图像边缘信息较丰富,连续性好,边缘较细,整体效果优于传统Sobel算法,具有较高的实用价值.     

改进边缘质量和运动估计的超分辨率图像重构

凸集投影算法（POCS）是一种广泛使用的超分辨率图像重构方法。针对传统的POCS超分辨率图像重构算法出现的边缘模糊及匹配时的局限性问题,首先利用二阶梯度检测出像素周围0°、45°、90°、135°四个边缘。在构造参考帧时采用基于梯度的插值算法,沿边缘方向进行线性插值,沿非边缘方向进行基于一阶梯度的带权插值。在运动估计时,采用SURF匹配算法,提高匹配的鲁棒性和实时性。在修正参考帧时,分别定义中心在四个边缘方向的点扩散函数（PSF）。利用完全参考图像质量评价和无参考图像质量评价分别对仿真实验和实物实验进行了评价,评价结果表明提出的算法较传统POCS算法有明显的改善。      

基于Sobel算子边缘检测的研究与改进

Sobel算子算法的优点是计算简单,速度快.但是由于只采用了2个方向的模板,只能检测水平和垂直方向的边缘,因此这种算法对于纹理较为复杂的图像,其边缘检测效果就不是很理想.采用0°,45°,90°,135°,180°,225°,270°,315° 8个方向模板对边缘进行检测,能较好地检测出不同方向的边缘.首先计算梯度,然后将梯度矩阵转化为灰度图像,使用最大类间方差法找到图片的一个合适的阈值,进行图像的二值化,得到改进后的边缘图像.     

一种改进的Sobel边缘检测算法的设计及其FPGA实现

为了快速得到边缘更清晰、敏感度更高的实时边缘图像数据,提出了一种改进的Sobel边缘检测算法.对原始图像的边缘进行平滑滤波后,利用2个3×3模板对选定的二维图像中同样大小区域内的数据进行卷积,合并水平及垂直方向的导数得到该区域的梯度值,再通过添加的梯度方向模块对该区域进行4个方向的判断以帮助确定边缘,最后通过非极大值抑制及二值化处理确定图像边缘.将改进后的Sobel边缘检测算法在FPGA上进行了实现并证明了其有效性.     

一种基于改进Canny的边缘检测算法

鉴于传统Canny边缘检测算法在高斯滤波方差和高低阈值选取上需要人工干预,不具备自适应能力,以及其在梯度计算上的缺陷。提出了一种改进的Canny边缘检测算法。改进算法使用自适应平滑滤波代替高斯滤波,在平滑图像的同时锐化了边缘;使用水平、垂直、45°和135°四个方向梯度模板计算图像梯度,改善了传统Canny算法在计算梯度时对噪声的敏感性;引进Otsu算法自适应地根据图像灰度生成高低阈值,避免了人为设定高低阈值的难题。实验结果表明,改进算法在检测到更多边缘细节的同时,也具备较强的自适应性。特别地,在噪声环境中,改进算法比传统Canny算法检测效果更优。     

Resolution Enhancement Technology:Integrated Process Solutions using OPC

DUV lithography, using the 248 nm wavelength, is a viable manufacturing option for devices with features at 130 nm and less. Given the low kl value of the lithography, integrated process development is a necessary method for achieving acceptable process latitude. The application of assist features for rule based OPC requires the simultaneous optimization of the mask, illumination optics and the resist.Described in this paper are the details involved in optimizing each of these aspects for line and space imaging.A reference pitch is first chosen to determine how the optics will be set. The ideal sigma setting is determined by a simple geometrically derived expression. The inner and outer machine settings are determined, in turn,with the simulation of a figure of merit. The maximum value of the response surface of this FOM occurs at the optimal sigma settings. Experimental confirmation of this is shown in the paper.Assist features are used to modify the aerial image of the more isolated images on the mask. The effect that the diffraction of the scattering bars (SBs) has on the image intensity distribution is explained. Rules for determining the size and placement of SBs are also given.Resist is optimized for use with off-axis illumination and assist features. A general explanation of the material' s effect is discussed along with the affect on the through-pitch bias. The paper culminates with the showing of the lithographic results from the fully optimized system.     

Cost-effective test solutions for smart card and other integrated flash applications

From its emergence in the late 1980s as a lower cost alternative to early EEPROM technologies, flash memory has evolved to higher densities and speedsand rapidly growing acceptance in mobile applications.In the process, flash memory devices have placed increased test requirements on manufacturers. Today, as flash device test grows in importance in China, manufacturers face growing pressure for reduced cost-oftest, increased throughput and greater return on investment for test equipment. At the same time, the move to integrated flash packages for contactless smart card applications adds a significant further challenge to manufacturers seeking rapid, low-cost test.     

Theoretical analysis of the relationship between the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain in the optical-fiber sensors

The relation between the power of the Brillouin signal and the strain is one of the bases of the distributed fiber sensors of temperature and strain. The coefficient of the Bfillouin gain can be changed by the temperature and the strain that will affect the power of the Brillouin scattering. The relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is thought to be linear by many researchers. However, it is not always linear based on the theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Therefore, errors will be caused if the relation between the change of the Brillouin gain coefficient and the strain is regarded as to be linear approximately for measuring the temperature and the strain. For this reason, the influence of the parameters on the Brillouin gain coefficient is proposed through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation.     

An improved parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations

The parallel thinning algorithm with two subiterations is improved in this paper. By analyzing the notions of connected components and passes, a conclusion is drawn that the number of passes and the number of eight-connected components are equal. Then the expression of the number of eight-connected components is obtained which replaces the old one in the algorithm. And a reserving condition is proposed by experiments, which alleviates the excess deletion where a diagonal line and a beeline intersect. The experimental results demonstrate that the thinned curve is almost located in the middle of the original curve connectivelv with single pixel width and the processing speed is high.     

Novel fiber-optical interferometer with miniaturized probe for in-hole measurements

Today, micro-system technology and the development of new MEMS （Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems） are emerging rapidly. In order for this development to become a success in the long run, measurement systems have to ensure product quality. Most often, MEMS have to be tested by means of functionality or destructive tests. One reason for this is that there are no suitable systems or sensing probes available which can be used for the measurement of quasi inaccessible features like small holes or cavities. We present a measurement system that could be used for these kinds of measurements. The system combines a fiber optical, miniaturized sensing probe with low-coherence interferometry, so that absolute distance measurements with nanometer accuracy are possible.     

Development of the readout system for waveguide multilayer optical card

Waveguide multilayer optical card （WMOC） is a novel storage device of three-dimensional optical information. An advanced readout system fitting for the WMOC is introduced in this paper. The hardware mainly consists of the light source for reading, WMOC, motorized stages addressing unit, microscope imaging unit, CCD detecting unit and PC controlling ＆ processing unit. The movement of the precision motorized stage is controlled by the computer through Visual Basic （VB） language in software. A control panel is also designed to get the layer address and the page address through which the position of the motorized stages can be changed. The WMOC readout system is easy to manage and the readout result is directly displayed on computer monitor.     

Study of waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers

This paper presents a new method to increase the waveguide coupling efficiency in hybrid silicon lasers. We find that the propagation constant of the InGaAsP emitting layer can be equal to that of the Si resonant layer through improving the design size of the InP waveguide. The coupling power achieves 42% of the total power in the hybrid lasers when the thickness of the bonding layer is 100 nm. Our result is very close to 50% of the total power reported by Intel when the thickness of the thin bonding layer is less than 5 nm. Therefore, our invariable coupling power technique is simpler than Intel＇s.     

Collinear phase-matching study of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and Inp

The collinearly phase-matching condition of terahertz-wave generation via difference frequency mixed in GaAs and InP is theoretically studied. In collinear phase-matching, the optimum phase-matching wave hands of these two crystals are calculated. The optimum phase-matching wave bands in GaAs and lnP are 0.95-1.38μm and 0.7-0.96μm respectively. The influence of the wavelength choice of the pump wave on the coherent length in THz-wave tuning is also discussed. The influence of the temperature alteration on the phase-matching and the temperature tuning properties in GaAs crystal are calculated and analyzed. It can serve for the following experiments as a theoretical evidence and a reference as well.     

Effects of the alloy compositions on the phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals

Composition dependence of bulk and surface phonon-polaritons in ternary mixed crystals are studied in the framework of the modified random-element-isodisplacement model and the Bom-Huang approximation. The numerical results for Several Ⅱ - Ⅵ and Ⅲ- Ⅴ compound systems are performed, and the polariton frequencies as functions of the compositions for ternary mixed crystals AlxGa1-xAs, GaPxAS1-x, ZnSxSe1-x, GaAsxSb1-x, GaxIn1-xP, and ZnxCd1-xS as examples are given and discussed. The results show that the dependence of the energies of two branches of bulk phonon-polaritons which have phonon-like characteristics, and surface phonon-polaritons on the compositions of ternary mixed crystals are nonlinear and different from those of the corresponding binary systems.     

New insert layer structure OLEDs

An insert layer structure organic electroluminescent device（OLED） based on a new luminescent material （Zn（salen）） is fabricated. The configuration of the device is ITO/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1/CuPc/NPD/Zn（salen）/Liq/LiF/A1. Effective insert electrode layers comprising LiF（1nm）/Al（5 nm） are used as a single semitransparent mirror, and bilayer cathode LiF（1 nm）/A1（100 nm） is used as a reflecting mirror. The two mirrors form a Fabry-Perot microcavity and two emissive units. The maximum brightness and luminous efficiency reach 674 cd/m^2 and 2.652 cd/A, respectively, which are 2.1 and 3.7 times higher than the conventional device, respectively. The superior brightness and luminous efficiency over conventional single-unit devices are attributed to microcavity effect.