THE EFFECT OF ENVIRONMENTALLY BENIGN FRUIT EXTRACT OF SHAHJAN (MORINGA OLEIFERA) ON THE CORROSION OF MILD STEEL IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION

The inhibition of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solution by the fruit extract of shahjan (Moringa oleifera) was studied using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), linear polarization, and potentiodynamic polarization techniques (Tafel). Inhibition was found to increase with increasing concentration of the extract. The effect of temperature, immersion time, and acid concentration on the corrosion behavior of mild steel in hydrochloric acid solutions with addition of extract was also studied. The inhibition occurred via adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface obeying the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic activation parameters such as activation energy, enthalpy (ΔH*), and entropy (ΔS*) of activation for corrosion process were calculated and discussed. The results obtained show that both chemical and physical adsorption of inhibitor molecules occur simultaneously and the fruit extract of shahjan (Moringa oleifera) could serve as an effective inhibitor of the corrosion of mild steel in hydrochloric acid media.     

酰胺醚类酸洗缓蚀剂在1M盐酸中的缓蚀行为研究

以烟酰胺基甲基醚(NAME)为一种新型酰胺醚类缓蚀剂,采用失重实验、电化学阻抗、极化曲线和量子化学计算等技术,研究了在1M盐酸溶液中对Q235碳钢的缓蚀作用和机理。实验结果表明,随着NAME浓度的增加,缓蚀效率变大最高可达94.8%,吸附行为符合Langmuir吸附等温式;极化曲线结果表明,NAME是一种阴极抑制为主的混合型缓蚀剂;单容抗弧表明腐蚀过程为电荷转移步骤控制;量子化学计算结果表明,吸附活性中心是杂环、N、O原子上。     

INVESTIGATION OF ADSORPTION AND INHIBITIVE PROPERTIES OF SOME DIAMINE COMPOUNDS ON MILD STEEL CORROSION IN HYDROCHLORIC ACID SOLUTION

In this work, the adsorption and corrosion inhibition effect of two new synthesized compounds on mild steel in 6 M hydrochloric acid was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, Tafel polarization, weight loss, quantum, and atomic force microscopy methods. The obtained results show that these compounds are efficient corrosion inhibitors for mild steel in hydrochloric acid media. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy shows that inhibition efficiency increases with increase of concentration of both inhibitors. These molecules obey the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Some samples of mild steel were examined by atomic force microscopy. Quantum chemical calculations were further applied to reveal the adsorption structure and explain the experimental results.     

Mercapto functional azole compounds as organic corrosion inhibitors in a polyester-melamine coating

The corrosion inhibition of two mercapto functional azole compounds including 2-mercaptobenzimidazole (MBI) and 2-mercaptobenzoxazole (MBO) for mild steel in 1 M NaCl solution was studied by electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), then their impact on the protective performance of a polyester-melamine coating was evaluated using salt spray. EIS results revealed a higher corrosion inhibitive activity of MBI compared to that of MBO. Corrosion products were examined by SEM-EDX and FTIR. The results showed modification of the corrosion products in the presence of MBI and MBO. The salt spray results revealed an improved corrosion protection of the coatings formulated with MBI and MBO. There was almost no impact of MBI and MBO on adhesion strength and glass transition temperature of the coatings, meaning that their impact on the corrosion protection performance of the formulated coating could only be attributed to their effect on the corrosion products.     

Empirical and theoretical investigations on the corrosion inhibition characteristics of mild steel by three new Schiff base derivatives

Synthesis, adsorption and corrosion inhibiting effect of three new Schiff base compounds on mild steel in 1.0?M HCl were explored using weight loss, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), and potentiodynamic polarization techniques. The empirical results showed that three Schiff base compounds inhibited the corrosion reaction in aggressive acid medium. Impedance results indicate that the three organic compounds were adsorbed on the mild steel/solution interface, while polarization data show that the three compounds performed typically as a mixed-type inhibitor. A theoretical study of the adsorption performance of some of the components of Schiff base inhibitors was carried out in the basis of the density functional theory (DFT) and Monte Carlo simulations.     

Inhibition by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Jasminum nudiflorum</Emphasis> Lindl. leaves extract of the corrosion of cold rolled steel in hydrochloric acid solution

The inhibition effect of Jasminum nudiflorum Lindl. leaves extract (JNLLE) on the corrosion of cold rolled steel (CRS) in 1.0 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) was investigated by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. The results show that JNLLE acts as a very good inhibitor, and the inhibition efficiency increases with the concentration of JNLLE. The adsorption of JNLLE obeys Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Values of inhibition efficiency obtained from weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) are in good agreement. Polarization curves show that JNLLE behaves as a mixed-type inhibitor in hydrochloric acid. EIS shows that charge-transfer resistance increase and the capacitance of double layer decreases with the inhibitor concentration, confirming the adsorption process mechanism. The adsorbed film on CRS surface containing JNLLE inhibitor was also measured by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and scanning electron microscope (SEM). A probable inhibitive mechanism is proposed from the viewpoint of adsorption theory.     

THE ROLE OF PHOSPHONATE DERIVATIVES ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF STEEL IN HCL MEDIA

The inhibition of corrosion of steel by two P-containing compounds, sodium methyldodecyl phosphonate and sodium methyl (11-smethacryloyloxyundecyl) phosphonate, in hydrochloric acid has been investigated at various temperatures using electrochemical techniques (impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization) and weight loss measurements. Inhibition efficiency (E%) increased with phosphonate concentration. Adsorption of inhibitors on the steel surface in 1 M HCl follows the Langmuir isotherm model. EIS measurements showed that the dissolution process of steel occurred under activation control. Polarization curves indicated that inhibitors tested acted as cathodic inhibitors. The temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of steel in 1 M HCl without and with the inhibitor was studied in the temperature range from 313 to 353 K. The adsorption free energy and activation parameters for the steel dissolution reaction in the presence of phosphonates were determined.     

THE ROLE OF PHOSPHONATE DERIVATIVES ON THE CORROSION INHIBITION OF STEEL IN HCL MEDIA

The inhibition of corrosion of steel by two P-containing compounds, sodium methyldodecyl phosphonate and sodium methyl (11-smethacryloyloxyundecyl) phosphonate, in hydrochloric acid has been investigated at various temperatures using electrochemical techniques (impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization) and weight loss measurements. Inhibition efficiency (E%) increased with phosphonate concentration. Adsorption of inhibitors on the steel surface in 1 M HCl follows the Langmuir isotherm model. EIS measurements showed that the dissolution process of steel occurred under activation control. Polarization curves indicated that inhibitors tested acted as cathodic inhibitors. The temperature effect on the corrosion behavior of steel in 1 M HCl without and with the inhibitor was studied in the temperature range from 313 to 353 K. The adsorption free energy and activation parameters for the steel dissolution reaction in the presence of phosphonates were determined.     

Molecular simulation, quantum chemical calculations and electrochemical studies for inhibition of mild steel by triazoles

The inhibition performance of three triazole derivatives on mild steel in 1 M HCl were tested by weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The adsorption behavior of these molecules at the Fe surface was studied by the molecular dynamics simulation method and the quantum chemical calculations. Results showed that these compounds inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in 1 M HCl solution significantly. Molecular simulation studies were applied to optimize the adsorption structures of triazole derivatives. The iron/inhibitor/solvent interfaces were simulated and the charges on the inhibitor molecules as well as their structural parameters were calculated in presence of solvent effects. Aminotriazole was the best inhibitor among the three triazole derivatives (triazole, aminotriazole and benzotriazole). The adsorption of the inhibitors on the mild steel surface in the acid solution was found to obey Langmuir's adsorption isotherm.     

N-methyl-2-(2-nitrobenzylidene) hydrazine carbothioamide-A new corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in 1 mol·L-1 hydrochloric acid

The corrosion inhibition of mild steel in 1 mol·L?1 hydrochloric acid by N-methyl-2-(2-nitrobenzylidene) hydrazine carbothioamide (MNBHC) was studied using weight loss and electrochemical studies. Results obtained indicate that the inhibitor is effective in hydrochloric acid medium and the efficiency decreases with increase in temperature. Added halide additives improve the efficiency of the inhibitor. The AC impedance studies reveal that the process of inhibition is through charge transfer. Polarization studies indicate the mixed nature of the in-hibitor. From the thermodynamic, spectral and surface analyses the nature of adsorption has been found out. The adsorption of the inhibitor on mild steel follows the Langmuir isotherm.     

1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidinone as corrosion inhibitor of mild steel in 0.5 M HCl solution: thermodynamic,electrochemical and theoretical studies

The inhibition effect of 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidinone (2-HEI) on mild steel (MS) corrosion in 0.5?M HCl solution was investigated at different inhibitor concentration and temperature by electrochemical experiments, such as linear polarization resistance (LPR), electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization and quantum chemical calculations. The inhibitor adsorption process on mild steel in 0.5?M HCl system was studied at different temperatures (20?°C–50?°C). Furthermore, the surface morphology of MS was also investigated with SEM in the absence and the presence of inhibitor. The adsorption of 1-(2-Hydroxyethyl)-2-imidazolidinone on MS surface is an exothermic process and this process obeys the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. The Quantum chemical findings are good agreed with the empirical data.     

Corrosion inhibitory action of Commiphora caudata extract on the mild steel corrosion in 1 M H2SO4 acid medium

Corrosion inhibitory action of Commiphora caudata extract on the mild steel corrosion in 1 M H₂SO₄ acid medium is investigated by weight loss and electrochemical studies. The weight loss method shows that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of inhibitor concentration, time, and temperature. The polarization studies reveal that the extract acts as a mixed type inhibitor. In electrochemical impedance measurement, the semicircle curves indicated that the charge transfer process controlled the corrosion of mild steel. Thermodynamic parameter such as free energy value was negative, that indicates spontaneous adsorption of inhibitor on mild steel surface. In the presence of inhibitor decreases the activation energy value which shows the chemical adsorption. The Commiphora caudata extract is found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Scanning electron microscopy, FTIR, and Quantum chemical studies confirmed that the mild steel protect from the corrosion by adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on surface of metal.     

Electrochemical corrosion characteristics of type 316 stainless steel in simulated anode environment for PEMFC

The corrosion behavior of type 316 stainless steel in simulated anode environment for proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC), i.e., dilute hydrochloric acid solutions bubbled with pure hydrogen gas at 80 °C, was investigated by using electrochemical measurement techniques. The main purpose is to offer some fundamental information for the use of stainless steels as bipolar plate material for PEMFC. Both polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) measurements illustrate that 316 stainless steel cannot passivate spontaneously in the simulated environments. The absorbed (and/or adsorbed) hydrogen atoms from cathodic corrosion reactions on the steel surface may deteriorate the passivity and corrosion resistance. The oxidation of these hydrogen atoms gives rise to a second current peak in the anodic polarization curve, and the current increases with immersion time. EIS spectra also reveal that a porous corrosion product layer formed on the steel surface during the active dissolution in the test solutions. 316 stainless steel exhibits the similar corrosion behavior in sulfate ions containing dilute hydrochloric acid solution.     

Effect of ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium on the corrosion of cold rolled steel in the presence of benzotriazole in hydrochloric acid

The inhibition behavior of cold rolled steel in 0.1 M hydrochloric acid (HCl) by ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid disodium (EDTA) in the absence and presence of benzotriazole (BTA) was investigated with Tafel polarization curve and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). The polarization curve results show that the single EDTA acts as an anodic type inhibitor while the combination of EDTA and BTA acts as mixed type inhibitor and mainly inhibits anodic reaction. All impedance spectra in EIS tests exhibit one capacitive loop which indicates that the corrosion reaction is controlled by charge transfer process. Inhibition efficiencies obtained from Tafel polarization, charge transfer resistance (R_t) are consistent. The corrosion of cold rolled steel in 0.1 M HCl is obviously reduced by EDTA in combination with lower concentrations of BTA. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and atomic force microscopy (AFM) were used to characterize the corrosion surface of cold rolled steel. Probable mechanisms are present to explain the experimental results.     

Adsorption and corrosion inhibition of amphiphilic compounds on steel pipeline grade API 5L X52 in sulphuric acid 1 M

The effect of seven amphiphilic compounds, on steel API 5L X52 corrosion in sulphuric acid 1 M solution was studied by potentiodynamic polarization curves, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Potentiodynamic polarization curves indicated that these compounds acted mainly as cathodic type inhibitors. The EIS spectrums showed that the mechanism of corrosion inhibition is mainly a faradic process, the spectra were fitted with one electrical equivalent circuit (EEC) using a constant phase element (CPE). Double layer capacitance associated with CPE was also obtained. Langmuir, Temkin, and Henry adsorption isotherm described the experimental findings. This information suggested that organic molecules were adsorbed on active sites on metal surface avoiding contact of corrosive media with steel surface, having adsorbate molecules low molecular interaction between them even with the presence of more amphiphilic molecules on the steel surface as concentration got higher values.     

The study of aluminium corrosion in acidic solution with nontoxic inhibitors

The inhibitory activity of some substituted N-arylpyrroles on aluminium corrosion in hydrochloric acid was studied in relation to inhibitor concentration, using potentiodynamic and impedance spectroscopy techniques. All investigated compounds were found to act as cathodic-type inhibitors and inhibition was ascribed to the adsorption of inhibitor onto the electrode surface. The inhibiting efficiency of the additives depended on the inductive power of the groups attached to the benzene and/or pyrrole ring. The carbaldehyde group showed better inhibiting power due to additional condensation on the electrode surface. The impedance results analysed in terms of the polarization resistance showed that the EIS technique can be successfully applied in the determination of corrosion resistance in systems where the corrosion kinetics are not simple.     

Amphiphilic amido-amine as an effective corrosion inhibitor for mild steel exposed to CO2 saturated solution: Polarization, EIS and PM-IRRAS studies

The corrosion behavior of mild steel in CO₂-saturated 5% NaCl solution with N-[2-[(2-aminoethyl) amino] ethyl]-9-octadecenamide corrosion inhibitor at 25 °C has been studied by using potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Polarization Modulation Infrared Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (PM-IRRAS) measurements. Both potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements reveal that this amido-amine precursor inhibits the carbon steel corrosion and the inhibition efficiency increases with increasing the inhibitor concentration. The corrosion inhibitor exhibits high corrosion efficiencies as a mixed-type inhibitor, with a predominant influence on the anode process. The organic inhibitor acts blocking surface sites at low concentrations and by modifying the adsorption mechanism forming a protective barrier against corrosive ions at high concentrations. EIS results show that the mechanism of its corrosion inhibition at concentrations higher than 0.82 × 10⁻⁵ M is by forming a protective bilayer with small pore sizes that hinders the passage of the reactive species. PM-IRRAS measurements demonstrate that the inhibitor is chemisorbed to surface steel. Therefore, its spectrum reveals that the inhibitor monolayer has an amorphous structure.     

Effect of amino acids containing sulfur on the corrosion of mild steel in phosphoric acid solutions polluted with Cl−, F− and Fe3+ ions–behaviour near and at the corrosion potential

Research on non‐toxic inhibitors is of considerable interest in investigations into the replacement of hazardous classical molecules. This paper reports the action of four amino acids containing sulfur on the corrosion of mild steel in phosphoric acid solution with and without Cl^?, F^? and Fe³⁺ ions near and at the corrosion potential (E_corr) using both the polarization resistance method and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Both cysteine and N‐acetylcysteine (ACC) showed higher inhibition efficiency than methionine and cystine. Adsorption of methionine onto a mild steel surface obeys the Frumkin adsorption isotherm and has a free energy of adsorption value (ΔG °_ads) lower than those obtained in the presence of cystine, cysteine and ACC whose adsorption isotherms follow that of Langmuir. Both F^? and Fe³⁺ ions stimulate mild steel corrosion while Cl^? ions inhibit it. The binary mixtures of methionine, cysteine or ACC with Cl^? or F^? ions are effective inhibitors (synergism) while the combinations of the amino acid with Fe³⁺ or the ternary Cl^?/F^?/Fe³⁺ mixture have low inhibitive action (antagonism). EIS measurements revealed that the charge transfer process mainly controls the mechanism of mild steel corrosion in phosphoric acid solution in the absence and presence of the investigated additives. The mechanism of corrosion inhibition or acceleration is discussed. © 2002 Society of Chemical Industry     

Chromenes as efficient corrosion inhibitor for mild steel in HCl solution

The Chromene derivatives having heteroatoms as active sites were investigated for scaling downthe corrosion process in mild steel (MS). The effectiveness of the inhibitors was monitored by gravimetric potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) methods. Observations suggested that the mechanism of inhibition is mainly due to the adsorption of the inhibitor molecules on the MS surface. Adsorption of both inhibitors follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Tafel curve shows that both inhibitors act as mixed type inhibitor. Morphological studies were done by FESEM and AFM instruments. These images indicated the formation of a protective layer on the MS surface which slows down the process of corrosion. DFT calculation provides the valuable quantum chemical parameters for both inhibitors which are supportive of the results obtained from gravimetric and EIS methods.     

In depth analysis of anti corrosion behaviour of eco friendly gum exudate for mild steel in sulphuric acid medium

The current research work was keen to examine the corrosion inhibition efficiency of mild steel (MS) in presence of aqueous extract of Araucaria heterophylla Gum (AHG) in 1?M H₂SO₄ medium. The phytoconstituents of the AHG were interpreted by GC-MS and corrosion inhibition efficiency was deduced using other techniques like weight loss method, potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Adsorption of inhibitor molecules on the mild steel surface was supported by Density Functional Theory (DFT) studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM). It is seen from the results that the inhibitor exhibits optimum efficiency of 78.57% at 0.05% v/v on mild steel specimen in 1?M H₂SO₄ medium at room temperature. Tafel polarizations clearly show that the aqueous extract of AHG acts as a mixed type inhibitor. The change in the EIS parameters in presence of inhibitor is investigative of the protective layer formation of the mild steel surface. The adsorption is found to obey Langmuir adsorption isotherm. Thermodynamic and activation parameters for the corrosion inhibition process supported the physical adsorption mechanism.