NR/炭黑混炼胶平入口收敛流动的二维有限元模拟

应用ANSYS软件对NR／炭黑混炼胶的平人口收敛流动进行二维有限元模拟。分析了在不同初始速度(vi)下流道内速度分布、延伸速率、剪切速率以及流体自然收敛角的变化．结果显示，流体自然收敛半角随着的增大而减小；剪切速率则随着v0的增大而呈非线性提高；延伸速率于入口处达到最大值。     

聚合物流体入口收敛流动的数值模拟

聚合物流体从大截面流道进入小截面流道时产生的入口收敛流动,是工业中常见的流型之一。基于聚合物流体入口收敛边界流线方程,应用MATLAB对入口收敛流动进行了数值模拟,讨论了Bagley校正因子(e)、非牛顿指数(n)、流道收缩比(λ)等因素对入口收敛流线和入口自然收敛半角(α0)的影响。结果表明:在一定的条件下,入口收敛边界流线的半径r随着e的增加而增大,但随着n的增加而减小,而λ对入口流型的影响不明显;另外α0随着e的增加而减小,但随着n的增加而增大,α0与λ之间呈非线性关系。模拟结果与实验观测较为接近。     

NR/SBR混炼胶挤出流动中自然收敛角的计算

考察了ＮＲ／ＳＢＲ共混胎面胶在毛细管挤出流动中的末端效应、基于以前的工作［１］提出了粘弹性流体自然收敛半角方程，并估算了试样在挤出条件下的人口自然收敛角（２α０）。结果表明，２α０值随着温度的升高而有所增大．随着剪切速率的增加而减小。     

混炼胶在锥形口型流动中压力降的研究

应用Ｍｏｎｓａｎｔｏ加工性能试验机，考察了天然橡胶／丁苯橡胶在锥形口型挤出过程中的流变行为。采用二阶流体本构关系和张量分析方法，导出了预测聚合物熔体在锥形口型流动中压力变化的方程式。结果表明，应用本方程式得出的入口压力降的计算值与试样的测量值有较好的一致性。     

非牛顿流体自然收敛半角方程的实验验证

引言非牛顿流体从大截面流道进入小截面流道时形成的收敛流动，是工业过程中常见的流型，如石油输运、聚合物加工过程等．流体的自然收敛角定量地描述了流体在流道入口前区的流动形态．在先前的工作中，作者应用最小能原理，导出非牛顿流体自然收敛半角方程式中，e是Bagley校正因子，n是非牛顿指数，是与流体的粘附性能有关的系数．聚合物熔体属于典型的非牛顿流体．本工作中，拟在考察聚乙烯熔体于毛细管挤出过程中流变行为的基础上，对方程（2）作初步验证1实验1.1原材料选用高密度聚乙烯（HDPE）和低密度聚乙烯（LDPE）作为试样材料…     

高物性变化流体密闭空间内自然对流的数值模拟

流体物性随温度变化呈现高变化特性时,密闭空间流体自然对流规律的模拟计算需要采用变物性计算方法。以液态水为研究对象,采用变物性方法研究其在密闭空间内的自然对流现象,分析温度变化时流体流动与传热过程,并采用分子间距变化规律对变温差下的密闭空间满液体理论进行解释。模拟计算结果表明:液体密度、粘度随温度改变较大时,对密闭空间内流体传热过程有较大影响,采用变物性方法可以更准确地模拟密闭空间内自然对流现象,并为热管技术的发展奠定一定的理论基础。     

中浓度气力输送弯管压力降数值模拟研究

对于中等浓度气力输送90°弯管内的气固流动状态进行数值模拟研究,并对水平转垂直、垂直转水平,不同弯径比(R/D=1.5~6.0)的90°弯管,均匀和非均匀粉体颗粒流过弯管的压力降Δp进行了模拟计算。结果表明,在同一气体流速下,不同R/D的弯管的Δp变化显著;存在一个使Δp最小的R/D值。在模拟的条件范围内,弯管内粉体颗粒的速度分布随R/D变化。并讨论了不同R/D的粉体颗粒流动对弯管压力降及管壁磨损的影响。在同样操作条件下,对煤粉输送进行了弯管压力降数据模拟,其模拟计算结果与周建刚等人的试验结果吻合良好。     

自然崩落法矿体崩落过程的数值模拟

用离散单元数值模拟方法可有效地模拟自然崩落采矿法的关键工艺——落矿的全过程,确定崩落范围,因此对生产管理具有重要指导意义。对该方法的基本原理、力学分析及数模建立作了详尽阐述,并展示了矿石块体崩落过程的模拟图形。     

Influence of the die entry angle on the entrance pressure drop,recoverable elastic energy,and onset of flow instability in polymer melt flow

An experimental study has been carried out to investigate the effects of die entry angle on the entrance pressure drop, recoverable elastic energy, and onset of melt fracture in the flow of viscoelastic polymeric melts through a capillary die. For the study, capillaries with an L/D ratio of 4 and with varying die entry angles, 15°, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and 180°, were used for extruding low-density polyethylene and high-density polyethylene. Measurements were taken of wall normal stresses along the upstream reservoir section, tapered conical section, and straight capillary section.     

Effects of the actual diameters and diameter ratios of barrels and dies on the elastic swell and entrance pressure drop of natural rubber in capillary die flow

The effects of the actual diameters and diameter ratios of barrels and dies on the elastic swell and entrance pressure drop of natural rubber compounds in an extrusion capillary rheometer were investigated. Either the barrel diameter or the die diameter was altered so that different barrel‐diameter/die‐diameter (D_B/D_D) ratios were obtained, both the barrel and die diameters also being varied simultaneously. The extrudate swell and entrance pressure drop were dependent not only on D_B/D_D but also on the actual diameters used. For fixed D_B/D_D ratios, the change in the extrudate swell was linearly influenced by the entrance pressure drop at low actual barrel and die diameters (D_B/D_D = 20/4–30/7 mm/mm) but was associated with a change in the material viscosity at high barrel and die diameters (D_B/D_D = 35/7–40/8 mm/mm). When the die diameter was fixed, the relationship between the entrance pressure drop and the extrudate swell was linear up to a certain value of the barrel diameter greater than 30 mm. Beyond this critical barrel value, the relationship became nonlinear and associated with the shearing stress generated by the formation of semipluglike flow patterns and the residence time of the material. For a constant barrel diameter, the smaller the die diameter was, the greater the extrudate swell was because of the increases in the extensional deformation and wall shear rate coupled with a reduction in the material residence time. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 86: 1762–1772, 2002     

气液旋流分离器气相体积分数和压力降数值模拟

气液旋流分离器工作时,两相混合物从入口管切向进入圆柱形筒体开始分离。所以当入口管和筒体的结构发生变化时,对整个旋流分离带来的影响是直接的。旋流分离之后的气相,是经过溢流管离开体系的,因此当溢流管的结构改变时,气相的最终分离也会受到影响。从溢流管的半径、插入深度、筒体的半径与高度四个方面出发进行数值模拟,每个影响因子设计了六组平行的仿真模拟实验。     

Predictions of flow behaviors and entrance pressure drop characteristics of a rubber compound in a capillary die using various rheological models

Rubber compounds have highly viscoelastic properties. The viscoelastic behaviors that have been exhibited during die extrusion include die swell and vortices in regions of sudden contraction. In this study, the application of rheological models to the capillary die extrusion process is investigated. Experiments and simulations were conducted using a fluidity tester and finite element analysis, respectively. The velocity distributions, velocity profiles, pressure drops, and vortices at the capillary die entrance were analyzed through computer simulations for various viscoelastic models [i.e., Phan‐Thien and Tanner (PTT), Giesekus, POMPOM, simplified viscoelastic, and generalized Newtonian models]. Different models exhibited different pressure drops and different velocity profiles in the capillary die. Only the full viscoelastic models (PTT, Giesekus, and POMPOM) predicted the vortex at the corner of the reservoir that is the capillary die entrance. However, the simplified viscoelastic and generalized Newtonian models did not predict the vortex. All the viscoelastic models studied in this article predicted the die swells in various ways, and these were compared with the experimental results. The PTT and simplified viscoelastic models exhibited good agreement with the experimental results of the die swells. POLYM. ENG. SCI., 54:2441–2448, 2014. © 2013 Society of Plastics Engineers     

扭曲管换热器壳程传热与压降性能的数值模拟

对扭曲椭圆管换热器壳程的流体流动和热量传递性能运用了可实现的k-ε模型进行了数值模拟,分析了不同的扭距对壳程传热性能的影响。结果显示努赛尔数和摩擦系数随着扭距的减小而增大。同时也分析了扭距对壳程总体传热性能的影响,结果表明壳程整体传热性能开始的时候随着扭距的增大而增大,随后随着扭距的增大而减小。并发现与相邻点相比,自支撑点的流速较小,温度较高,换热性能更好。在流道中可以发现较强的螺旋形流动,螺旋流的强度随着扭矩的减小而增大,同时能在椭圆形截面处发现不规则的二次流,二次流的大小随着扭矩的减小而增大。     

The influence of reynolds number on the entry length and pressure drop for laminar pipe flow

A numerical analysis of the laminar flow of a Newtonian fluid in the inlet section of a circular pipe has been carried out for a Reynolds number range of 0 to 500, employing a finite element based CFD code. A new flow phenomenon has been identified at low Reynolds numbers (<50), viz, the existence of a peak in the axial pressure profile at a small distance from the entrance. Existing correlations for the entry length are shown to be insufficient and a new correlation for the entry length is proposed.     

规整填料干塔压降与波纹齿角的关系

研究了规整填料压降和波纹齿角的关系,以期探索强化传统规整填料性能的新途径。干填料层压降可分解为3部分：气流在交叉单元碰撞所产生的压降,气流在填料层间改变方向所产生的压降以及塔壁区摩擦力所产生的压降。用计算流体力学（CFD）计算了这3部分压降。结果表明,当波纹齿角从90°减小到20°时,干填料层压降大幅度下降。实验数据也验证了CFD模拟计算结果。     

湿工况下泡沫金属内换热和压降的数值模拟和实验验证

泡沫金属应用到换热器空气侧有望提高析湿工况下的换热性能。为了了解湿空气在泡沫金属内的热质传递和压降特性,建立了泡沫金属内液滴形成、生长和运动特性的数值模型。基于液滴成核数目和成核临界半径得出液滴形成过程的传质率模型;通过建立液滴与湿空气相界面附近湿空气中水蒸气的组分守恒方程,得出液滴生长过程的传质率模型;通过对不同孔棱柱表面液滴的受力分析,建立在重力和风力的共同作用下的液滴接触角模型。将液滴形成及生长的传质率模型和接触角模型分别作为质量源项和表面张力源项,加入连续性方程、动量方程和能量方程组中,实现对泡沫金属内液滴生长、形成和运动过程模拟。模型的实验验证结果表明,换热量预测值与实验结果的最大偏差为11.9%,压降预测值与实验结果的最大偏差为17.7%。