咖啡炭改性涤纶混纺织物的开发

探讨咖啡炭改性涤纶混纺织物的生产要点.介绍了咖啡炭改性涤纶纤维及其成纱的质量指标.针对织物设计特点,整经工序采取中张力,中伸长的工艺原则;浆纱工序采用S432型浆纱机以及双浸双压的工艺路线,并优化浆料配方;织造工序合理调整经位置线,织机速度采用575 r/min,最终使织机效率达到80％以上.经检测,织物具有较好的抑菌、保温等功能.     

竹节纱双层织物的生产

探讨竹节纱双层织物的生产要点。介绍了双层织物选用经纬纱质量指标;整经工序控制好片纱张力,整经速度为650 m/min;优选浆料配方和浆纱工艺,实际上浆率为13%,浆纱增强率为12.97%;织造工序合理调整经位置线,减少经纱断头,优选喷气织机工艺,上机张力为2 900 N;总结了生产中的相关操作和管理措施。最终平均织机效率达90%以上,效果较好。认为:针对性地采取措施,可以充分发挥喷气织机的效能。     

棉/聚乳酸纤维混纺织物浆纱实践

为了保证棉/聚乳酸纤维混纺织物的浆纱质量,介绍聚乳酸纤维特性、棉/聚乳酸纤维混纺织物规格及技术条件,通过对比聚乳酸纤维与棉纤维的性能差异,总结棉/聚乳酸混纺织物浆纱工艺的技术难点;从浆料选择及浆料配方的确定、浆纱工艺控制方面,详述上浆工艺的优化、浆纱质量及织造效果。指出：合理的浆料配方、适当的渗透与被覆是提高浆纱可织性的关键,应根据纤维特性、纱线密度、品种结构、上浆工艺等选择浆料;根据“相似相溶”原理,选用粘附性、成膜性良好的变性淀粉和高分子聚合浆料为主的浆料配方,配合“两高一低”上浆工艺,合理控制上浆率、回潮率,采用后上蜡工艺等,可实现棉/聚乳酸混纺纱上浆后贴伏毛羽、增强耐磨性、提高浆纱可织性的目标,织机开口清晰度、布机效率和布面质量提高。     

改性涤纶粘胶混纺织物的生产

探讨改性涤纶粘胶混纺织物的生产工艺。介绍了改性涤纶纤维质量指标和织物规格;采取条混工艺,将6根改性涤纶纤维预并条与1根粘胶纤维生条混并;清棉工序适当降低打手速度;梳棉工序适当采用较大的隔距,优选针布型号;在改造的A1291型细纱机上纺制细纱,采用851双层涂料胶辊,保证成纱质量;浆纱工序优选浆料配方和浆纱工艺;织造工序采用"小张力、小开口量"工艺原则,最终保证了产品的顺利生产,织机效率达92%。认为:各工序优选工艺参数,重点避免错号纱、错线纱,最终可以保证产品的顺利生产。     

多组分混纺细号高密色织面料的开发

探讨采用三叶涤纶纤维、阳离子改性可染涤纶纤维、细特涤纶纤维与精梳棉混纺纱开发轻薄型高密织物的生产工艺.浆纱工序要选用磷酸酯淀粉、PVA-205MB和AD丙烯酸类浆料,采用"中车速、轻张力、小伸长、轻加压、深浸透、双浸双压"工艺;织造工序通过对不同织机速度、开口时间、上机张力、停经架高度的对比试验,得出较为适宜的上机工艺参数.实践表明:通过优化织部工艺,解决了多组分疏水性纤维混纺纱浆纱、织造的技术难题,保证了产品的顺利生产.     

椰炭改性涤纶纤维混纺纵条纹织物的生产实践

探讨椰炭改性涤纶纤维混纺织物的生产技术措施。介绍了所用的椰炭改性涤纶纤维、棉纤维、Coolplus纤维的性能指标,通过试验确定了混纺纱的混纺比。在织造生产各工序中,整经采用"中张力、中速度、匀卷绕"的工艺原则,浆纱优选了浆料配方和浆纱工艺参数,合理地配置织机工艺,同时控制好车间温湿度等,最终织机效率达85%以上。经测试,织物试样的各项性能均较好,达到了预期的设计和生产目标。认为:椰炭改性涤纶纤维可以用于开发穿着舒适、具有良好防紫外线性能的高档服装和床上用品。     

棉石墨烯改性涤纶交织物的开发

总结棉石墨烯改性涤纶交织物的生产要点。以JC 7.3 tex纱为经纱,石墨烯改性涤纶55.5 dtex长丝为纬纱,开发了一款五枚三飞经面缎纹织物。针对经、纬纱特点,优化各工序生产工艺,包括浆纱工艺、浆料配方、织机工艺等。使用DELTA110型自动穿经机。定制较细的专用钢针,大大减少了织补痕迹。通过采取各项措施,织机效率达90.6%,产品入库一等品率达99.92%。认为:浆纱和织造工艺的优化是产品顺利生产的关键。     

可染丙纶天然彩棉交织物的生产实践

探讨可染丙纶纯纺色纱与天然棕棉纯纺纱交织服用织物的开发及生产过程.通过对可染丙纶纱进行筒子染色,优选染料配方;织前准备优选浆料配方,提高浆纱质量;织造工序合理确定经位置线和引纬工艺,最终生产出的织物兼具两种纤维的优良特性,织机效率达到91%以上,坯布下机一等品率达到83%以上.     

莱赛尔小提花织物的生产体会

探讨莱赛尔小提花织物的生产工艺。介绍了莱赛尔纤维的性能特点、所开发的产品规格、织物组织图以及原纱质量指标。络筒工序保证纱线通道光滑,减少棉结和毛羽;整经工序采用"小张力、中车速"的工艺原则;浆纱工序,优选了浆料配方和浆纱工艺参数,确定了合理的浆液黏度和上浆率;针对小提花的特点,介绍了穿综、穿筘方法;总结了织造工序采取的工艺参数;分析了织造中出现的问题,并提出了解决措施,最终织机效率达到了86%。认为:采取针对性的措施是小提花织物顺利生产的关键。     

涤纶莫代尔混纺织物的生产

探讨涤纶莫代尔混纺织物的生产要点。分析了涤纶和莫代尔的性能特点,介绍了产品设计规格。整经工序,选用D3-1000型整经机,速度500 m/min;浆纱工序,针对涤纶和莫代尔的性能,优选浆料配方和浆纱工艺参数;织造工序,采用ZAX9100型喷气织机,织机速度650 r/min,合理确定经位置线,提高开口清晰度,优选引纬工艺参数,优选边撑,保证钢筘质量。织机效率达到95.8%,下机一等品率达到94.5%。认为:通过采取上述系列技术措施,产品质量能达到用户要求。     

Reliable identification of grapevine rootstock varieties using RAPD PCR on woody samples

Since grapevine ( Vitis spp .) rootstock material is being traded increasingly as disbudded woody material a lack of distinctive morphological features on such material necessitates an alternative and reliable means of identification. Methods described here were developed for rapid and efficient extraction of DNA from woody samples rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides, and for subsequent identification of varieties by RAPD PCR. Using these methods, and with the application of only one selected RAPD primer, we were able to differentiate sixteen rootstock varieties, including the seven varieties most commonly used in Germany. Problems commonly encountered with reproducibility of RAPD patterns were avoided by choosing primers with a dinucleotide sequence and a high G/C content that allowed a rather high annealing temperature of 45°C. Methods described here should also be useful for other horticultural crops, especially those with woody tissues rich in phenolic compounds and polysaccharides.     

An internet compendium of analytical methods and spectroscopic information for monomers and additives used in food packaging plastics

An internet website (http://cpf.jrc.it/smt/) has been produced as a means of dissemination of methods of analysis and supporting spectroscopic information on monomers and additives used for food contact materials (principally packaging). The site which is aimed primarily at assisting food control laboratories in the European Union contains analytical information on monomers, starting substances and additives used in the manufacture of plastics materials. A searchable index is provided giving PM and CAS numbers for each of 255 substances. For each substance a data sheet gives regulatory information, chemical structures, physico-chemical information and background information on the use of the substance in particular plastics, and the food packaging applications. For monomers and starting substances (155 compounds) the infra-red and mass spectra are provided, and for additives (100 compounds); additionally proton NMR are available for about 50% of the entries. Where analytical methods have been developed for determining these substances as residual amounts in plastics or as trace amounts in food simulants these methods are also on the website. All information is provided in portable document file (PDF) format which means that high quality copies can be readily printed, using freely available Adobe Acrobat Reader software. The website will in future be maintained and up-dated by the European Commission's Joint Research Centre (JRC) as new substances are authorized for use by the European Commission (DG-ENTR formerly DGIII). Where analytical laboratories (food control or other) require reference substances these can be obtained free-ofcharge from a reference collection housed at the JRC and maintained in conjunction with this website compendium.     

Aroma characterization of various apricot varieties using headspace–solid phase microextraction combined with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–olfactometry

The characterization of the aromatic profile of several apricot cultivars with molecular tracers in order to obtain objective data concerning the aromatic quality of this fruit was undertaken using headspace–solid phase microextraction (HS–SPME). Six apricot cultivars were selected according to their organoleptic characteristics: Iranien, Orangered, Goldrich, Hargrand, Rouge du Roussillon and A4025. The aromatic intensity of these varieties measured by HS–SPME–Olfactometry were defined and classified according to the presence and the intensity of grassy, fruity and apricot like notes. In the six varieties, 23 common volatile compounds were identified by HS–SPME–GC–MS. Finally, 10 compounds, ethyl acetate, hexyl acetate, limonene, β-cyclocitral, γ-decalactone, 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one, linalool, β-ionone, menthone and (E)-hexen-2-al were recognized by HS–SPME–GC–O as responsible of the aromatic notes involved in apricot aroma and considered as molecular tracers of apricot aromatic quality which could be utilized to discriminate apricot varieties.     

Tests of potential functional barriers for laminated multilayer food packages. Part I: Low molecular weight permeants

The advent of the functional barrier concept in food packaging has brought with it a requirement for fast tests of permeation through potential barrier materials. In such tests it would be convenient for both foodstuffs and materials below the functional barrier (sub-barrier materials) to be represented by standard simulants. By means of inverse gas chromatography, liquid paraffin spiked with appropriate permeants was considered as a potential simulant of sub-barrier materials based on polypropylene (PP) or similar polyolefins. Experiments were performed to characterize the kinetics of the permeation of low molecular weight model permeants (octene, toluene and isopropanol) from liquid paraffin, through a surrogate potential functional barrier (25 μm-thick oriented PP) into the food simulants olive oil and 3% (w/v) acetic acid. These permeation results were interpreted in terms of three permeation kinetic models regarding the solubility of a particular model permeant in the post-barrier medium (i.e. the food simulant). The results obtained justify the development and evaluation of liquid sub-barrier simulants that would allow flexible yet rigorous testing of new laminated multilayer packaging materials.     

Chlorohydrins of bisphenol A diglycidyl ether (BADGE) and of bisphenol F diglycidyl ether (BFDGE) in canned foods and ready-to-drink coffees from the Japanese market

BADGE.2HCl and BFDGE.2HCl were determined in 28 samples of ready-to-drink canned coffee and 18 samples of canned vegetables (10 corn, 5 tomatoes and 3 others), all from the Japanese market. HPLC was used as the principal analytical method and GCMS for confirmation of relevant LC fractions. BADGE.2HCl was found to be present in one canned coffee and five samples of corn, BFDGE.2HCl in four samples of canned tomatoes and in one canned corn. No sample was found which exceeded the 1mg/kg limit of the EU for the BADGE chlorohydrins. However the highest concentration was found for the sum of BFDGE.2HCl and BFDGE.HCl.H₂O at a level of 1.5mg/kg. A Beilstein test confirmed that all cans containing foods contaminated with BADGE.2HCl or BFDGE.2HCl had at lest one part coated with a PVC organosol.     

European priorities for research to support legislation in the area of food contact materials and articles

A strong science base is required to underpin the planning and decision-making process involved in determining future European community legislation on materials and articles in contact with food. Significant progress has been made in the past 5 years in European funded work in this area, with many developments contributing to a much better understanding of the migration process, and better and simpler approaches to food control. In this paper this progress is reviewed against previously identified work-areas (identified in 1994) and conclusions are reached about future requirements for R&D to support legislation on food contact materials and articles over the next 5 or so years.     

Analysis of benzo[a]pyrene in spiked fatty foods by second derivative synchronous spectrofluorimetry after microwave-assisted treatment of samples

A simple, rapid and inexpensive method has been developed for the determination of benzo[a     

The development of reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel. II: Certification study

This paper describes the second part of a project undertaken to develop certified mussel reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins. In the first part two interlaboratory studies were undertaken to investigate the performance of the analytical methodology for several PSP toxins, in particular saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in lyophilized mussels, and to set criteria for the acceptance of results to be applied during the certification exercise. Fifteen laboratories participated in this certification study and were asked to measure saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin in rehydrated lyophilized mussel material and in a saxitoxin-enriched mussel material. The participants were allowed to use a method of their choice but with an extraction procedure to be strictly followed. The study included extra experiments to verify the detection limits for both saxitoxin and decarbamoyl-saxitoxin. Most participants (13 of 15) were able to meet all the criteria set for the certification study. Results for saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of <0.07 mg/kg in the rehydrated lyophilized mussels. Results obtained for decarbamoyl-saxitoxin.2HCl yielded a certified mass fraction of 1.59+/-0.20 mg/kg. The results for saxitoxin.2HCl in enriched blank mussel yielded a certified mass fraction of 0.48 +/- 0.06 mg/kg. These certified reference materials for paralytic shellfish poisoning toxins in lyophilized mussel material are the first available for laboratories to test their method for accuracy and performance.     

Announcing a new international peer-reviewed journal:Food Science and Human Wellness now accepting manuscript submission in English

<正>We are pleased to announce the launch of a new international peer-reviewed journal-Food Science and Human Wellness,ISSN 2213-4530,which is an open access journal,produced and hosted by Elsevier B.V.on behalf of Beijing Academy of Food Sciences.Food Science and Human Wellness is an international peer-reviewed English journal that provides a forum for the dissemination of the