抑制青霉菌乳酸菌的分离、鉴定及抑菌物质分析

目的：从市售酱菜中筛选具有抑制青霉菌活性的乳酸菌,测定其对酱菜中主要霉菌及产毒真菌的抑菌效果,分析乳酸菌抑制青霉菌的有效成分,并对乳酸菌进行分子生物学鉴定。方法：采用双层平板法对酱菜中具有抑制青霉菌活性的乳酸菌进行筛选,打孔法测定其抑制青霉菌作用,并采用蛋白酶消化、调节pH值、热处理等方法分析抑菌物质的有效成分,采用16S rDNA聚合酶链式反应扩增后测序对乳酸菌进行鉴定。结果：从酱菜中筛选出的14 株乳酸菌中,其中3 株对酱菜中分离的青霉菌及2 株产毒真菌的生长有较明显的抑制作用,不同蛋白酶处理、pH值调节对乳酸菌发酵浓缩液的抑菌活性会有不同影响,但是3 种加热处理并不改变抑菌效果。3 株乳酸菌经鉴定分别为：弯曲乳杆菌（Lactobacillus curvatus）、清酒乳杆菌（Lactobacillus sake）、植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillusplantarum）。结论：从酱菜中分离的乳酸菌对酱菜中青霉菌及某些产毒霉菌的生长有明显抑制作用,推测其抑菌成分可能为小分子肽和/或有机酸。     

Inhibition of Citrus Fungal Pathogens by Using Lactic Acid Bacteria

Abstract: The effect of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) on pathogenic fungi was evaluated and the metabolites involved in the antifungal effect were characterized. Penicillium digitatum (INTA 1 to INTA 7) and Geotrichum citri-aurantii (INTA 8) isolated from decayed lemon from commercial packinghouses were treated with imazalil and guazatine to obtain strains resistant to these fungicides. The most resistant strains (4 fungal strains) were selected for evaluating the antifungal activity of 33 LAB strains, among which only 8 strains gave positive results. The antifungal activity of these LAB strains was related to the production of lactic acid, acetic acid, and phenyllactic acid (PLA). A central composite design and the response surface methodology were used to evaluate the inhibitory effect of the organic acids produced by the LAB cultures. The antifungal activity of lactic acid was directly related to its concentration; however, acetic acid and PLA showed a peak of activity at 52.5 and 0.8 mM, respectively, with inhibition rates similar to those obtained with Serenade^® (3.0 ppm) imazalil (50 ppm) and guazatine (50 ppm). Beyond the peak of activity, a reduction in effectiveness of both acetic acid and PLA was observed. Comparing the inhibition rate of the organic acids, PLA was about 66- and 600-fold more effective than acetic acid and lactic acid, respectively. This study presents evidences on the antifungal effect of selected LAB strains and their end products. Studies are currently being undertaken to evaluate the effectiveness in preventing postharvest diseases on citrus fruits.     

Biodiversity of antifungal lactic acid bacteria isolated from raw milk samples from cow, ewe and goat over one-year period

Antifungal lactic acid bacteria (ALAB) biodiversity was evaluated in raw milk from ewe, cow and goat over one year period. Lactic acid bacteria were enumerated using 8 semi-selective media, and systematically screened for their antifungal activity against 4 spoilage fungi commonly encountered in dairy products. Depending on the selective medium, between 0.05% (Elliker agar) and 5.5% (LAMVAB agar) screened colonies showed an antifungal activity. The great majority of these active colonies originated from cow (49%) and goat (43%) milks, whereas only 8% were isolated from ewe milk. Penicillium expansum was the most frequently inhibited fungus with 48.5% of colonies active against P. expansum among the 1235 isolated, followed by Mucor plumbeus with 30.6% of active colonies, Kluyveromyces lactis with only 12.1% of active colonies and Pichia anomala with 8.7% of active colonies. In the tested conditions, 94% of the sequenced active colonies belonged to Lactobacillus. Among them, targeted fungal species differed according to the Lactobacillus group, whose presence largely depended on year period and milk origin. The Lb. casei and Lb. reuteri groups, predominantly recovered in summer/fall, were overrepresented in the population targeting M. plumbeus, whereas isolates from the Lb. plantarum group, predominantly recovered in spring, were overrepresented in the population targeting K. lactis, the ones belonging to the Lb. buchneri group, predominantly recovered in spring, were overrepresented in the population targeting P. anomala. Raw milk, especially cow and goat milks from the summer/fall period appeared to be a productive reservoir for antifungal lactobacilli.     

A survey of some antifungal properties of lactic acid bacteria isolates from koumiss in China

Sixty strains of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were isolated from koumiss in Xinjiang, China. Most of the strains had antimould activity, and the Lactobacillus plantarum IMAU10116 strain had greatest inhibitory activity against Penicillium roqueforti. Meanwhile, it could also inhibit some bacteria such as Escherichia coli and Listeria innocua. The antimould substance had high thermal stability. Maximum antimould activity was observed between pH 3.0 and 3.8 (initial pH), but it decreased when pH was adjusted to a level between 3.8 and 7.0. It was sensitive to proteinase‐K and trypsin, but its inhibitory activity did not change after treatment with dispase.     

酸和盐胁迫对乳酸菌活性的影响

该研究以13株食品常见乳酸菌为研究对象,考察酸和盐胁迫对其活性的影响,探究这13株乳酸菌的最适酸、盐生长条件及耐酸、耐盐能力。结果表明,适当的低盐浓度（1%、2%）对部分乳酸菌的生长有促进作用,植物乳杆菌和副干酪乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为1%,保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜酸乳杆菌的最适盐浓度为2%;盐浓度进一步增大,13株乳酸菌的生长受到抑制;盐浓度为10%时,除戊糖片球菌、乳酸乳球菌乳酸亚种、嗜热链球菌和乳酸片球菌外,其余9株菌的生长抑制率都＞95%。当pH值为5～7时,13株乳酸菌都生长良好,pH=6时,7株乳酸菌活性均最高;随着酸胁迫的增强,13株乳酸菌生长受抑制程度增大;pH为1～3时,13株乳酸菌的生长抑制率都＞90%,高盐及高酸对9株杆菌的抑制作用强于4株球菌。     

A PCR assay for detection of acetic acid-tolerant lactic acid bacteria in acidic food products

A PCR assay for the detection of acetic acid-tolerant lactic acid bacteria in the genera of Lactobacillus and Pediococcus was developed in this study. Primers targeting the bacterial 16S rRNA gene were newly designed and used in this PCR assay. To determine the specificity of the assay, 56 different bacterial strains (of 33 genera), 2 fungi, 3 animals, and 4 plants were tested. Results were positive for most tested bacterial members of 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic groups (classified in the Lactobacillus casei and Pediococcus group), including Lactobacillus fructivorans, Lactobacillus brevis, Lactobacillus buchneri, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus paracasei. For all other bacterial strains and eukaryote tested, results were negative. Bacterial DNA for PCR was prepared with a simple procedure with the use of Chelex 100 resin from culture after growth in deMan Rogosa Sharpe broth (pH 6.0). To test this PCR assay for the monitoring of the acetic acid-tolerant lactic acid bacteria, L. fructivorans was inoculated into several acidic food as an indicator. Before the PCR, the inoculation of 10 to 50 CFU of bacteria per g of food was followed by a 28-h enrichment culture step, and the PCR assay allowed the detection of bacterial cells. Including the enrichment culture step, the entire PCR detection process can be completed within 30 h.     

Antifungal effect of dairy propionibacteria--contribution of organic acids

Large amounts of food and feed are lost every year due to spoilage by moulds and yeasts. Biopreservation, i.e. the use of microorganisms as preservatives instead of chemicals, has gained increased interest. Lactic acid bacteria and propionibacteria might be particularly useful due to their important role in many food fermentations. Knowledge of the antifungal effects of the organic acids produced by these bacteria is necessary to understand their inhibitory activity. We evaluated the antifungal activity of the type strains of five dairy propionibacteria, Propionibacterium acidipropionici, P. jensenii, P. thoenii, P. freudenreichii subsp. freudenreichii and P. freudenreichii subsp. shermanii against eight food- and feedborne moulds and yeasts. A dual culture system assayed the inhibitory activity on three different agar media, sodium lactate (SL), de Man Rogosa Sharp (MRS) and MRS without acetate (MRS-ac). The amounts of organic acids produced during growth of propionibacteria in liquid SL, MRS and MRS-ac were also determined. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of propionic, acetic and lactic acid were established for all fungi at pH 3, 5 and 7. Propionic acid, followed by acetic acid, was the most potent antifungal acid. Inhibition at pH 7 generally required concentrations above 500 mM for all three acids, at pH 5 the MIC values for propionic and acetic acids were 20-120 mM and above 500 mM for lactic acid. At pH 3, the MIC values were, with one exception, below 10 mM for both propionic and acetic acid and above 160 mM for lactic acid. The yeast Pichia anomala was the fungus most resistant to organic acids. The propionibacteria exhibited a pronounced species variation in antifungal activity on MRS (+/-acetate) agar, with P. thoenii being the most potent. Four of the five propionibacteria species produced more propionic and acetic acid in liquid SL medium than in MRS (+/-acetate) broth. However, when SL agar was used as the growth medium, none of the propionibacteria inhibited fungal growth.     

Production and Characterization of an Antifungal Compound (3-Phenyllactic Acid) Produced by <Emphasis Type="Italic">Lactobacillus plantarum</Emphasis> Strain

The Lactobacillus plantarum strain was isolated from grass silage that produces a broad spectrum of antifungal compound, active against food and feed-borne filamentous fungi in agar plate assay. Aspergillus fumigatus and Rhizopus stolonifer were the most sensitive among molds. No inhibitory activity could be detected against mold Penicillium roqueforti. Enhanced antifungal activity was observed at 30 °C in pH 6.5. Minimum inhibitory concentration values against fungal cultures were ranged from 6.5 to 12.0 mg/ml for commercial 3-phenyllactic acid. The production of antifungal compound phenyllactic acid (PLA), lactic acid, and acetic acid by L. plantarum strain was also investigated. Structure characterization of the antifungal compound was carried out by nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography. The produced compound (PLA) acted as a fungistatic and delayed the growth of a variety of fungal contaminants.     

Antifungal effect of organic acids from lactic acid bacteria on Penicillium nordicum

The control of fungal contamination is particularly important to avoid both spoilage of food and feed products and the occurrence of toxic compounds, known as mycotoxins. Some lactic acid bacteria (LAB) strains have shown the capacity to inhibit fungal growth and the production of mycotoxins. In this work, cell-free supernatants (CFS) of Lactobacillus plantarum UM55 and Lactobacillus buchneri UTAD104 were tested against Penicillium nordicum radial growth and OTA production. When CFS of these strains were used, the radial growth of the fungus was inhibited by less than 20%, but the production of OTA was reduced by approx. 60%. These antifungal effects resulted from organic acids produced by LAB. The CFS of L. plantarum UM55 contained lactic acid, phenyllactic acid (PLA), hydroxyphenyllactic acid (OH-PLA) and indole lactic acid (ILA), while L. buchneri UTAD104 CFS contained acetic acid, lactic acid and PLA. These organic acids were further tested individually for their inhibitory capacity. Calculation of the inhibitory concentrations (ICs) showed that acetic acid, ILA and PLA were the most effective in inhibiting P. nordicum growth and OTA production. When the inhibitory activity of LAB cells incorporated into the culture medium was tested, L. buchneri UTAD104 inhibited the production of OTA entirely in all conditions tested, but fungal growth was only inhibited completely by the highest concentrations of cells. Acetic acid production was primarily responsible for this effect. In conclusion, the ability of LAB to inhibit mycotoxigenic fungi depends on strain capability to produce specific organic acids, and those acids may differ from strain to strain. Also, the use of LAB cells, especially from L. buchneri, in food products prone to contamination with P. nordicum (e.g. dry-cured meats and cheeses) may be an alternative solution to control fungal growth and OTA production.     

驼乳制品中抑制α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶活性乳酸菌的筛选及益生特性研究

目的:本研究以新疆阿勒泰地区的驼乳制品为研究对象,筛选对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制活性的优良乳酸菌。方法:采用稀释涂布法分离纯化菌株,DNS和pNPG法筛选对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制活性的菌株,通过耐酸性、耐胆盐、模拟胃肠道环境耐受性、抑菌性、抗氧化活性实验评价菌株的益生特性。结果:从驼乳制品中共计获得34株菌株,其中6株对α-淀粉酶和α-葡萄糖苷酶有抑制活性,经过形态学和16S rRNA分子鉴定,确定有4株为植物乳杆菌Lactiplantibacillus plantarum,2株为副干酪乳杆菌Lactiplantibacillus paracasei。6株乳酸菌对α-淀粉酶的抑制活性都达到50%以上,其中X34对α-淀粉酶的抑制率最高达到88.59%。本实验中筛选的乳酸菌对α-葡萄糖苷酶的抑制率在11%~16%之间,X31抑制率最高为15.43%。6株乳酸菌在不同pH（1.0、2.0、3.0）和不同浓度胆盐（1、2、3 g/L）的培养基中均可存活。6株乳酸菌在模拟胃液和肠液中的存活率分别达到83%和90%以上。对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除率超过90%以上,其中X29对羟自由基的清除率最高为92.43%,对超氧阴离子自由基清除率最强的是X33清除率达到94.04%。6株乳酸菌对大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌和金黄色葡萄球菌有一定的抑制作用,其中X31对大肠杆菌的最大抑菌圈直径为19.63 mm,X23对沙门氏菌抑菌圈最大达到19.85 mm,菌株X33对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径最大为19.17 mm。结论:从驼乳制品中筛选到6株具有潜在降糖活性的乳酸菌,对强酸、胆盐和胃肠液有一定的耐受性,抗氧化能力较强,具有抑制致病菌的效果,为后期研发功能性降糖饮品提供益生菌株。     

山西老陈醋酿造过程中乳酸菌和醋酸菌的分离鉴定及高粱单宁对其生长的影响

利用稀释涂布法及透明圈法从山西老陈醋酿造过程中分离了36株乳酸菌和25株醋酸菌,利用形态观察、生理生化特性和16S rDNA序列测定对分到的菌株进行了鉴定;并研究了不同浓度的高粱单宁对这些菌株生长的影响。结果表明,36株乳酸菌分别为植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus lantarum）,发酵乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus fermentium）,干酪乳酸杆菌（Lactobacillus casei）,肠膜明串珠菌（Leuconostoc mesenteroides）,类食品乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paralimentarius）和短乳杆菌（Lactobacillus brevis）;25株醋酸菌分别为巴氏醋酸杆菌（Acetobacter pasteurianus）、醋化醋杆菌（Acetobacter aceti）,液化醋杆菌（Acetobacter liquefaciens）和恶臭醋酸杆菌（Acetobacter rancens）。当高粱单宁含量为0～1.5%时,所有乳酸菌和绝大部分醋酸菌的生长被促进;当单宁含量为2.0%时,对不同菌的生长影响不同（有一些菌株生长被促进,而另一些菌株生长被抑制）;当单宁含量为3.0%～6.0%时所有菌株的生长均被抑制。     

凤窝酒曲中乳酸菌的分离及其作用下的米酒品质评价

通过传统可培养法对从湖北孝感市采集的凤窝酒曲中乳酸菌进行了分离,共得到12株乳酸菌。经鉴定,它们分别属于短乳杆 菌、植物乳杆菌、发酵乳杆菌及融合魏斯氏菌4个菌种,归于乳杆菌属（Lactobacillus）与魏斯氏菌属（Weissella）共2个菌属。 使用分离 到的乳酸菌制作米酒,与未接菌处理米酒相比,分离到的乳酸菌对米酒有机酸种类与含量、固形物含量与米酒的滋味产生了显著影 响（P＜0.05）,但是对米酒pH影响不显著（P＞0.05）,且同一类乳酸菌对米酒滋味具有类似的影响。 植物乳杆菌MJ1-3使米酒中乳酸含 量增加了79%,而另一株融合魏斯氏菌MJ2-1,能显著降低米酒中草酸、琥珀酸、乳酸及乙酸的含量,可用于调节米酒有机酸含量。 因 此,分离到的乳酸菌MJ1-3与MJ2-1是用于米酒复合酒曲开发的优良候选菌株。     

1株抑制乳房炎病原菌乳杆菌的筛选、鉴定及其抑菌机理研究

为了研究乳酸菌对牛乳房炎病原菌的抑制作用,降低牛乳房炎所造成的经济损失。本实验以大肠杆菌ATCC25922、金黄色葡萄球菌ATCC25923、无乳链球菌ATCC14556作为指示菌,综合抑菌试验和黏附试验从8株乳杆菌中筛选抑菌效果较好的菌株。结果表明,乳杆菌KLDS1.0344对指示菌的抑制作用比其他乳杆菌的作用更明显,最大抑菌直径为15.4 mm,经过对16S rDNA鉴定,发现KLDS1.0344为植物乳杆菌,同时,对抑菌机理的初步研究表明,其代谢过程中产生的乳酸和细菌素类物质对抑制三种指示菌发挥主要作用,而且这些抑菌活性物质在酸性条件下才具有更强的抑菌活力。     

抑制馒头中腐败霉菌活性乳酸菌的筛选及其应用

采用稀释涂布平板法从发霉馒头中分离主要腐败霉菌,并通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定。以分离得到的腐败霉菌为指示菌,从实验室保藏乳酸菌中筛选抑菌效果较好的乳酸菌,对其发酵上清液中抑菌物质的理化特性进行分析,并将其应用于馒头的防腐。结果表明,分离到两株主要腐败霉菌,经鉴定分别为扩展青霉（Penicillium expansum）和黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）。筛选到一株具有较强抑制霉菌活性的植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）LP-1,其发酵上清液对温度、过氧化氢酶、胰蛋白酶和蛋白酶K处理均不敏感,在pH为3～4时有较好的抑菌活性,初步推测L. plantarum LP-1代谢产生的有机酸为主要抑菌物质。利用L. plantarum LP-1发酵制备酸面团,酸面团添加量为40%时,防霉效果与0.5 g/kg脱氢乙酸钠相当,37 ℃防霉效期可达4 d。     

The microbial ecology of cocoa bean fermentations in Indonesia

Cocoa beans are the principal raw material of chocolate manufacture. The beans are subject to a microbial fermentation as the first stage in chocolate production. The microbial ecology of bean fermentation (Forastero and Trinitario cultivars) was investigated at three commercial fermentaries in East Java, Indonesia by determining the populations of individual species at 12-h intervals throughout the process. The first 2-3 days of fermentation were characterised by the successional growth of various species of filamentous fungi, yeasts, lactic acid bacteria and acetic acid bacteria. The principal species found were Penicillium citrinum, an unidentified basidiomycete, Kloeckera apis, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Candida tropicalis, Lactobacillus cellobiosus, Lactobacillus plantarum and Acetobacter pasteurianus. The later stages of fermentation were dominated by the presence of Bacillus species, mostly, Bacillus pumilus and Bacillus licheniformis. Glucose, fructose, sucrose and citric acid of the bean pulp were utilised during fermentation, with the production of ethanol, acetic acid and lactic acid that diffused into the beans. The filamentous fungi were notable for their production of polygalacturonase activity and probably contributed to the degradation of bean pulp.     

传统发酵豆腐酸浆中高产酸乳酸菌的分离鉴定及特性分析

该研究从采集于全国具有代表性的6大豆腐产地的7种豆腐酸浆老汤中分离筛选各样品中高产酸乳酸菌,通过形态观察及分子生物学技术对其进行鉴定,并对其产酸特性、耐酸特性及耐盐特性进行研究。结果表明,分离筛选到7株产酸性能优良的乳酸菌,并鉴定菌株L2-03、L3-01、L6-07与L7-01为玉米乳杆菌（Lactobacillus zeae）,菌株L1-02、L8-03与L10-01为副干酪乳杆菌（Lactobacillus paracasei）。除菌株L6-07外,6株乳酸菌均能产草酸、酒石酸、丙酮酸、乳酸、乙酸、富马酸及琥珀酸共7种有机酸,其中乙酸与乳酸为主要有机酸。产酸能力方面,菌株L6-07产酸量最高,达25.69 g/L,产酸能力最强;耐酸性方面,菌株L6-07在pH 2.5的酸性条件下仍能保持生长,耐酸性最好;耐盐性方面,菌株L1-02在5%NaCl条件下表现出较强的耐受性,耐盐性最强,菌株L6-07次之。     

Antifungal Activity of Lactic Acid Bacteria Isolated from Peanuts,Gari, and Orange Fruit Juice against Food Aflatoxigenic Molds

This study aims to evaluate the antifungal activity of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) from some Cameroonian food commodities against mycotoxigenic and spoilage molds. Following LAB isolation, the antifungal activity of the isolates was assessed. The organic acids were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography and the ability of the LAB to reduce mold biomass and aflatoxin production was evaluated. The LAB were identified and the biopreservative potential of strain LO3 was evaluated on tomato paste. Nine percent of the strains isolated showed broad antifungal activity. The activity was due to the effect of organic acids comprising lactic, acetic, 4-hydroxy-3-phenyllactic and 3-phenyllactic acids. Lactobacillus plantarum LO3 exhibiting the highest and broadest antifungal activity was selected and showed the capacity to inhibit fungal growth and aflatoxin production in vitro. Moreover, this strain and its cell-free supernatant showed the ability to prevent aflatoxigenic mold growth in tomato paste without altering its physico-chemical and organoleptic properties.     

浓酱兼香型酒醅中乳酸菌的分离鉴定及布氏乳杆菌生长特性分析

采用平板分离法,从浓酱兼香型不同轮次酒醅中分离乳酸菌,并采用分子生物学技术进行鉴定,同时测定不同布氏乳杆菌（Lactobacillus buchneri）的生长特性。结果表明,共分离到30株乳酸菌,归属于3个属共5个种,其中布氏乳杆菌最多（21株）,占总分离菌株数的70%,是第三和第四轮出池酒醅的优势乳酸菌。所检测的19株布氏乳杆菌（L. buchneri）的最适生长温度为37 ℃,最适生长pH值大多在4.5左右,对乙醇的耐受能力在2%～10%之间。与植物乳杆菌（Lactobacillus plantarum）相比,所检测的6株布氏乳杆菌表现出了较强的发酵产柠檬酸和乙酸的能力,其平均柠檬酸产量为3.76 g/L,平均乙酸产量为4.22 g/L,分别是植物乳杆菌（L. plantarum）ZR1的11.13倍和1.80倍。     

发酵大豆乳优良乳酸菌菌种的筛选及其发酵性能的研究

本文以从益生菌乳制品、保健品和微生态制剂中自行分离选育出的乳酸菌进行大豆乳发酵,通过是否凝乳、凝乳时间长短、凝乳后的感官评价及发酵剂所达到的活菌数、酸度和pH值等技术指标,对适合大豆乳发酵的乳酸菌菌种进行层层选优得到生长繁殖力强、发酵活力高的大豆乳发酵的试验菌株.试验结果表明:8株实验乳酸菌菌株经过筛选得到干酪乳杆菌05-20作为发酵的大豆酸乳的备选菌株,其凝乳时活菌数可达1. 7× 109 cfu/mL、凝乳时pH值4. 29、滴定酸度79. 4°T,为开发混种发酵大豆乳和大豆功能性食品的开发奠定实践基础.     

Interactions among lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria used for fermented dairy products

Interactions among lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria were investigated to establish adequate combinations of strains to manufacture probiotic dairy products. For this aim, a total of 48 strains of Streptococcus thermophilus, Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, Lactococcus lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus casei, and Bifidobacterium spp. (eight of each) were used. The detection of bacterial interactions was carried out using the well-diffusion agar assay, and the interactions found were further characterized by growth kinetics. A variety of interactions was demonstrated. Lb. delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus was found to be able to inhibit S. thermophilus strains. Among probiotic cultures, Lb. acidophilus was the sole species that was inhibited by the others (Lb. casei and Bifidobacterium). In general, probiotic bacteria proved to be more inhibitory towards lactic acid bacteria than vice versa since the latter did not exert any effect on the growth of the former, with some exceptions. The study of interactions by growth kinetics allowed the setting of four different kinds of behaviors between species of lactic acid starter and probiotic bacteria (stimulation, delay, complete inhibition of growth, and no effects among them). The possible interactions among the strains selected to manufacture a probiotic fermented dairy product should be taken into account when choosing the best combination/s to optimize their performance in the process and their survival in the products during cold storage.