金属卟啉催化空气氧化甲基环己烷制备甲基环己醇和甲基环己酮

报道了通过金属卟啉选择性催化空气氧化甲基环己烷制备甲基环己醇和甲基环己酮的方法.在金属锰卟啉催化下,甲基环己烷被空气氧化为3种甲基环己酮的异构体、1-甲基环己醇和2-甲基环己醇.考察了不同反应条件和金属卟啉结构对甲基环己烷氧化反应转化率和选择性的影响.与四苯基锰卟啉相比较,烷氧基取代的金属锰卟啉为催化剂时,虽然反应转化率降低了,但明显提高了甲基环己醇和甲基环己酮的选择性.且金属上的取代基团体积越大,反应的转化率越高,同时选择性较高.以金属卟啉5,10,15,20-四(对庚烷氧基苯基)锰卟啉为催化剂,反应的转化率可以达到20%,甲基环己醇和甲基环己酮的总选择性为76%.     

微通道反应器中环己烷液相氧化反应工艺的研究

以纯氧为氧化剂、环己酮为引发剂和环烷酸钴(II)为催化剂,研究了内径为0.762 mm、长度为20 m的微通道反应器内环己烷液相氧化的反应行为,考察了表观气体流速、表观液体流速、反应温度、压力和催化剂用量等因素对环己烷转化率和产物选择性的影响。在氧气和环己烷表观流速分别为1.80 m?s-1和0.004 m?s-1、温度165℃、压力1.4 MPa、环己酮加入量0.2%(wt)和催化剂钴(II)浓度为10 ppm时,环己烷的转化率为4.57%,环己醇、环己酮和环己基过氧化氢的选择性分别为61.72%、34.87%和1.12%,己二酸的选择性小于3.0%。结果表明,微通道反应器中进行环己烷液相催化氧化,能有效提高气液相界面积,加快环己烷氧化反应速率,降低副产物的生成。     

环境友好的环己烷制环己醇／环己酮催化剂

环己烷氧化制环己醇和环己酮是生产己内酰胺和己二酸工艺中重要的步骤。目前环己烷氧化反应通常在约150℃和1～2MPa压力下进行，反应转化率为4％，环己醇和环己酮的选择性为70％～85％。Chem．Commun．报道了一种由焙烧过的Au／ZSM一5组成的催化剂（含Aul．3wt％），在这种催化剂作用下，环己烷转化率可达15％，环己醇／环己酮选择性大于90％。此外，该氧化过程采用以氧气为氧化剂的无溶剂的反应体系（150℃和1MPa），环境友好。     

离子液体中TS-1分子筛催化环己烷氧化反应

以离子液体[emim]BF4为反应介质,叔丁基过氧化氢(TBHP)为氧化剂,TS-1分子筛为催化剂,进行了环己烷选择性氧化反应研究.考察了氧化剂与环己烷物质的量比、反应时间、反应温度及离子液体/催化剂体系循环使用对环己烷氧化反应的影响.实验结果表明,在TBHP/环己烷物质的量比为2,反应温度为90 ℃,反应时间为18 h时,环己烷的转化率为13.2%,目的产物环己酮与环己醇的选择率高达97.6%.离子液体/催化剂体系循环使用4次后环己烷的转化率及氧化产物的收率略有降低.     

技术市场

甲基环己烷空气氧化制备甲基环己酮该专利技术以简单卟啉为催化剂、以空气为氧源,实现了无助还原剂、助催化剂条件下,对甲基环己烷一步选择性催化氧化制备甲基环己酮和甲基环己醇。以锰卟啉(TPPMnCl)为催化剂,在温度为140℃、反应压力0·8 MPa,催化剂质量为5 mg(以350 mL甲基环己烷计),空气体积流量为0·08 m3/h的最佳反应条件下反应120 min,甲基环己烷的转化率达13·75%,甲基环己醇和甲基环己酮的总选择性达66%,催化剂转化数为56 169。与目前工业上生产工艺比较,该反应工艺从甲苯开始只需两步,且避免了使用大量无机酸和无机碱和其他试…     

环己烷催化氧化制环己酮的MCM-41催化剂研究

以十六烷基三甲基溴化铵为模板剂,正硅酸乙酯为硅源,采用水热合成法制备纯MCM-41分子筛和掺杂不同金属离子的MCM-41分子筛,并采用等体积浸渍法将一定量的金属离子负载在纯MCM-41分子筛内表面上,制备了负载型和掺杂型2类不同的MCM-41分子筛催化剂.分别考察了负载和掺杂的金属种类、金属Cr负载和掺杂量等对环己烷氧化制环己酮中的催化活性和选择性的影响.研究表明:采用掺杂制备的MCM-41分子筛催化剂活性明显高于负载型MCM-41分子筛催化剂;Cr掺杂量增加,虽然环己烷氧化转化率增加,但产物选择性下降;掺杂Cr的MCM-41分子筛催化剂,用于环己烷氧化制环己酮,在Si与Cr摩尔比为50以下、反应温度75℃、H2O2与环己烷摩尔比为1.2的条件下,环己烷的转化率可达60%左右,环己酮和环己醇的总选择性可达94%以上.     

环己烷分子氧氧化多相催化剂研究进展

综述了环己烷分子氧氧化多相催化剂最新研究进展;重点介绍了金系催化剂和钴系催化剂;指出环己烷分子氧氧化制环己酮和环己醇工艺存在选择性和转化率低、能耗高等缺点,解决问题的主要途径在于开发高效催化剂.金系催化剂在环己烷分子氧氧化中具有较好的应用前景.     

改性VPO催化剂及其环己烷液相氧化反应性能

采用共沉淀法制备了铋改性钒磷氧催化剂,并用X射线衍射(XRD)、FTIR、SEM等技术对催化剂进行了表征。以环己烷为原料,H2O2为氧化剂,铋改性的钒磷氧化物为催化剂,研究了氧化合成环己醇和环己酮反应,研究了Bi/V比率、P/V比率、溶剂和反应温度等因素对其反应性能的影响。结果表明,Bi/V比率提高时,环己烷转化率,尤其是环己酮的选择性明显提高。P/V比对改性催化剂活性和结构影响较大,P的加入破坏了V2O5的晶型结构,形成大量磷酸盐物种。在Bi/V摩尔比为0.1、P/V摩尔比为0.92、丙酮为溶剂、65℃的反应条件下,反应8h,环己烷转化率为81.4%,环己酮和环己醇的收率分别为58.2%和23.2%。     

环己烷在Au-Co/SBA-15上选择性氧化的研究

以沉积-沉淀法制备了Au-Co/SBA-15催化剂,在没有任何有机溶剂或助剂的条件下,研究了以空气为氧化剂的环己烷选择性氧化。当Au-Co/SBA-15催化剂中金的质量百分含量为1.0%,催化反应在423 K 3.0 MPa下进行120 m in时,催化效果最好,此时环己烷的转化率为22.7%,环己酮和环己醇的总选择性为95.2%,酮醇比为2.9,且催化剂重复使用五次后活性基本不变。     

NHPI/SMA-Co催化氧气氧化环己烷的工艺研究

以聚苯乙烯马来酸酐共聚物(SMA)及六水合硝酸钴为原料,制备了苯乙烯-马来酸酐钴盐(SMA-Co),利用FTIR、元素分析、UV-vis、SEM、EDS、XRD、TG对催化剂结构与性能进行了表征与测试。将N-羟基邻苯二甲酰亚胺(NHPI)与SMA-Co组成复合催化体系,考察了NHPI与SMA-Co物质的量比、催化剂用量、反应温度、氧气压力、反应时间对NHPI/SMA-Co催化氧气氧化环己烷反应的影响。结果表明:当环己烷为5 m L、乙腈为10 m L、n(NHPI):n(SMA-Co)=10:3、NHPI/SMA-Co用量0.04 g、反应温度120℃,初始氧气压力为1.0 MPa、反应6 h时,环己烷转化率最大,为19.84%,环己醇选择性为22.23%,环己酮选择性为38.65%,环己酮和环己醇(KA油)总选择性达60.88%。催化剂经过4次回收利用后,催化剂活性无明显降低。     

Catalytic oxidation of CO over Ag-Co/alumina catalysts

Low-loading silver cobalt catalysts on alumina for the catalytic oxidation of carbon monoxide were synthesized following different preparation methods: the single-step sol-gel method and the impregnation method. A catalyst synthesized by the single-step sol-gel method gave high surface area values. The activities of alumina-supported silver-cobalt catalysts were studied to obtain the effects of the calcination temperature, metal loading, and preparation methods on CO oxidation at low temperature. The catalysts prepared by impregnation metals on the alumina synthesized by the sol-gel method gave the best activity for the CO oxidation. Catalytic activity conversion of (5 wt% Ag-5 wt% Co)/Al 2 O 3 catalysts prepared by the sol-gel-impregnation method reached 100% at 200°C. Increasing silver loading over the catalysts gave rise to more active catalysts. The sol-gel catalysts had poor activity at low temperature.     

Effect of calcination temperature of mesoporous nickel–alumina catalysts on their catalytic performance in hydrogen production by steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG)

Mesoporous nickel–alumina (Ni–A-NS) catalysts prepared by a non-ionic surfactant-templating method were calcined at various temperatures for use in hydrogen production by steam reforming of liquefied natural gas (LNG). The effect of calcination temperature of nickel–alumina catalysts on their physicochemical properties and catalytic activity for steam reforming of LNG was investigated. Nickel oxide species were finely dispersed on the surface of Ni–A-NS catalysts through the formation of nickel aluminate phase. Reducibility, nickel surface area, and nickel dispersion of Ni–A-NS catalysts decreased with increasing calcination temperature. In the steam reforming of LNG, both LNG conversion and hydrogen composition in dry gas decreased with increasing calcination temperature of Ni–A-NS catalysts. Nickel surface area and reducibility of Ni–A-NS catalysts were well correlated with catalytic performance of the catalysts. Among the catalysts tested, Ni–A-NS700 (nickel–alumina catalyst calcined at 700 °C) with the highest nickel surface area and the highest reducibility exhibited the best catalytic performance.     

Influence of the solid state properties of Pd/MOx (M = Ti, Al) catalysts in catalytic combustion of methane

The performance of Pd supported on alumina or titania, prepared by impregnation or sol–gel, for catalytic combustion of methane is studied. The addition of the Pd precursor after gelification of alumina has a beneficial effect on the catalytic properties of the catalysts. The better activity of the alumina catalysts is related to the high dispersion of the palladium particles, the low crystallite size and the high specific surface area. The catalytic activity of titania-based catalysts was only slightly affected by the preparation procedure. The addition of CO₂ during the oxidation of methane promotes oxidation for the titania-based catalysts.     

Preparation of gold catalysts for glucose oxidation

The investigations focused on the influence of doping an alumina support with different base metal oxides on the catalytic performance of gold catalysts to oxidize glucose to gluconic acid. Sodium oxide and calcium oxide strongly enhanced the reaction rate for catalysts prepared by both the deposition–precipitation and incipient wetness method. Urea was used as the precipitation agent in the former. The total selectivity of the catalysts was not influenced by the dopants. TEM analysis revealed very small gold particles of less than 2 nm for sodium doped catalysts prepared by the two methods.     

Mesoporous ceria–zirconia–alumina nanocomposite-supported copper as a superior catalyst for simultaneous catalytic elimination of NO–CO

A series of transition metal (Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Ag) oxides supported on ceria–zirconia–alumina nanocomposite catalysts were prepared through wetness impregnation method. The catalytic performance of these catalysts were evaluated in the catalytic elimination of NO–CO. Activity results revealed supported copper catalyst gave the optimal catalytic activity, which was related to high dispersion of copper species (XRD and Raman), low-temperature reducibility (TPR), and more oxygen vacancies (DRS).     

Preparation of nanocrystalline Ni/Al2O3 catalysts with the microemulsion method for dry reforming of methane

Mesoporous nanocrystalline nickel‐alumina catalysts with high surface area were prepared by a microemulsion (ME) method and were employed in methane reforming with carbon dioxide for syngas production. The catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer‐Emmett‐Teller surface area analysis (BET), temperature‐programmed reduction (TPR), temperature‐programmed oxidation (TPO), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques. The results showed that the catalysts possessed mesoporous structure with high surface area (> 250 m² · g^?1) and small crystallite size (～5 nm). The catalytic results revealed high activity and stability for the prepared catalysts. In addition, the effect of feed ratio and GHSV on catalytic performance was investigated.     

Optimization of Effective Sol‐Gel Parameters for the Synthesis of Mesoporous γ‐Al2O3 Using Experimental Design

Mesoporous nanocrystalline γ‐alumina was prepared by a template‐free sol‐gel method using aluminum ethoxide as precursor. Significant parameters, such as the water/aluminum ethoxide molar ratio, the pH of the solution, and the time and temperature of aging, were optimized by the Taguchi method to obtain γ‐alumina with a high surface area and pore volume. The influences of the main parameters on the catalytic performance of the prepared catalysts were investigated via dehydration of methanol to dimethyl ether in a fixed‐bed reactor. The catalysts were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, N₂ adsorption‐desorption, ammonia temperature‐programmed desorption, and scanning electron microscopy techniques. The results show that the aging temperature had a significant influence on the catalyst performance.     

Influence of Pd Precursor and Method of Preparation on Hydrodechlorination Activity of Alumina Supported Palladium Catalysts

A series of alumina supported Pd catalysts were prepared by the novel deposition-precipitation method adopting the chloride precursor (DP-Cl) of Pd and varying the metal content from 0.25 to 1.0 wt%. The catalytic properties of prepared catalysts were studied by various characterization techniques such as N₂ adsorption, CO chemisorption, TPR, XRD, XPS, and TEM techniques. The activity and stability of the catalysts were evaluated for the gas phase hydrodechlorination (HDC) of chlorobenzene operating at atmospheric pressure. At 1 wt% of Pd the catalyst showed higher chlorobenzene conversion with good stability when tested for a period of 25 h, whereas the other catalysts exhibited a loss in activity with time. In order to elucidate the exceptional activity and stability of this catalyst, a few more catalysts with 1 wt% Pd were prepared by impregnation technique and also using a non-chloride precursor, palladium nitrate. The 1 wt% DP-Cl catalyst again was found to be the best among the others. The activity and stability of the DP-Cl catalyst was also found to be superior to two low-dispersed catalysts, each with 10 wt% Pd, prepared by conventional impregnation method using the chloride and nitrate as the precursors. The characterization results reveal that the high activity and stability of the DP-Cl catalyst is related to the formation of electron deficient Pd species and its stabilization in the octahedral vacancies of alumina.     

n-Pentane Isomerization Over Pt- and Ni–Pt-Promoted Sulfated Zirconia Catalysts Supported on Alumina

Two series of sulfated zirconia catalysts promoted with Pt and Pt–Ni, respectively, were prepared and extruded with different amount of alumina binder (0, 20, 33, and 60 wt%). The catalytic activities of the two series of catalysts, SZPtA and SZNiPtA, were measured for n-pentane isomerization reaction. The reaction reaches its maximum conversion at 20 wt% of alumina for both catalyst series. Adding alumina beyond 20 wt% reduces the overall conversion and modifies the selectivity for both catalysts series from i-C4 towards i-C5 suggesting that the reaction mechanism changed from a monomolecular to a bimolecular one. However, only SZNiPtA catalysts maintain a higher catalytic activity at higher amounts of alumina. Such difference between the two catalyst series can be attributed to the combining effect of Ni and Pt promotion of the SZNiPtA catalysts and not to their acidic properties.     

Selective catalytic reduction of NO by C3H8 over CoOx/Al2O3: An investigation of structure–activity relationships

A series of CoO_x/Al₂O₃ catalysts was prepared, characterized, and applied for the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO by C₃H₈. The results of XRD, UV–vis, IR, Far-IR and ESR characterizations of the catalysts suggest that the predominant oxidation state of cobalt species is +2 for the catalysts with low cobalt loading (≤2 mol%) and for the catalysts with 4 mol% cobalt loading prepared by sol–gel and co-precipitation. Co₃O₄ crystallites or agglomerates are the predominant species in the catalysts with high cobalt loading prepared by incipient wetness impregnation and solid dispersion. An optimized CoO_x/Al₂O₃ catalyst shows high activity in SCR of NO by C₃H₈ (100% conversion of NO at 723 K, GHSV: 10,000 h⁻¹). The activity of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by C₃H₈ increases with the increase of cobalt–alumina interactions in the catalysts. The influences of cobalt loading and catalyst preparation method on the catalytic performance suggest that tiny CoAl₂O₄ crystallites highly dispersed on alumina are responsible for the efficient catalytic reduction of NO, whereas Co₃O₄ crystallites catalyze the combustion of C₃H₈ only.