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农村家用水压式沼气池技术的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
随着 1984年我国农村家用水压式沼气池标准图集的颁布实施 ,极大地推动了我国家用水压式沼气池的快速发展 ,对规范我国沼气建设及提高建池质量发挥了极其重要的作用。但时至今日 ,其技术上存在的缺陷已日益暴露出来 ,影响了沼气池的进一步推广。为此 ,本研究针对国标水压式池存在的技术问题 ,做了一些技术改进。1 池型结构图 1 改进型水压式沼气池 (A)图 1 改进型水压式沼气池 (B)1 进料口 2 进料管 3 发酵间 4 贮气间 5 人孔反盖 6 导气管7 出料器 8 水压间 9 出料孔 10 贮肥间 11 分流板 12 塑料地膜2 特… 相似文献
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桃子型水压间沼气池的设计与施工广西贺县农村能源办公室罗家源桃子型水压间大出料口沼气池,是在长方形水压间的基础上,按照结构力学弧拱原理改进推广使用,与同类型比较,具有结构性能好,技术简单,操作方便,省工省料,造价较低等优点。现将结构性能简介如下:一、桃... 相似文献
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针对户用水压式沼气池存在着 :( 1 )池内沼气压力不稳定 ;( 2 )抗渗漏要求高、施工难度大 ;( 3 )出料难等缺点。我县去年开始试验推广分离式浮罩沼气池 ,取得了良好的效果。分离式浮罩沼气池具有如下优点 :①把水压池的贮气箱改由分离浮罩贮气柜代替 ,对沼气发酵池的防渗漏要求较低 ;②由于采用低压技术 ,发酵主池经久耐用 ,使用寿命可相对延长 ;③输出沼气压强稳定 ,可提高沼气燃烧热效率 ;④主池可以多装料 ,发酵间基本上没有无效容积。现将其工艺特点、组成与构造、技术经济情况、设计参数与建造方法简要介绍如下。一、分离浮罩式沼气池… 相似文献
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目前农村所推广的水压式沼气池利用干发酵工艺,无法随时进料,产气高峰短。我们经过反复研究试验,1988年建了一口随时进料的沼气池。在水压式沼气池内增加一个用铁棍和木棍做成的栅栏,将池内物质隔开。栅栏里为稀发酵,外为干发酵,人粪尿和猪粪随时入池,在稀发酵部分将其稀释,浸入 相似文献
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在沼气发酵过程中,大量纤维素随气体上浮集结于液面,无法排出地外。日积月累,这些产气潜力不大的有机质就占去了沼气池相当一部分容积,降低语气产量,最终导致沼气地无法正常使用。近年来,我们依据“U”型管原理,试建了上层取料在家沼气池,较好地解决了这一问题,该池结构如图1所示。1主要设计特点(1)根据水压式沼气地的设计标准,采用“U”型管技术,依靠沼气池的自身运行,使他内上部料液能够不断地进入水压间。由图1可以看出,当沼气地开始产气时,他内压力增大,发酵液通过溢流管外溢进入水压间,池内液位逐步下降,而抽料管… 相似文献
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水压式沼气池稳定产气的相关因素湖南省常德市农村能源办公室谢昭元我国农村推广的沼气池,池型结构80%以上为水压式,如果在建池结构和使用管理方面不注重安全稳定产气要素,一般使用效果是很不理想的。水压式沼气池在南方一般产气用气仅10个月,北方5—6个月,每... 相似文献
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解决牛粪厌氧发酵中浮渣结壳的几种方法 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
在畜禽养殖场沼气发电工程中,牛粪具有固体及纤维物质含量高的特点.在厌氧发酵过程中极易在厌氧反应器内部形成浮渣层并硬化结壳,如不及时解决,将导致沼气无法顺利进入气室,严重影响厌氧反应器的正常运行.针对这个问题,文章介绍几种在实际工程中经常用到的防止浮渣结壳的方法(高位出料、机械搅拌、反冲回流等),供工程设计人员参考. 相似文献
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大中型沼气池抗裂设计与构造 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在料液压力、沼气压力等外力作用下,钢筋混凝土结构大中型沼气池池体易产生裂缝,裂缝的存在对池体是十分不利的。文章针对500m^3大型钢筋混凝土沼气池池壁的抗裂设计等问题进行了深入探讨,并提出了提高池体抗裂度的主要技术措施。 相似文献
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During biogas production from various types of substrates such as animal manure, fats and proteins, bacterial growth and biogas production can be inhibited by excessive ammonia (NH3) concentrations. If NH3 is removed from the biogas digester without damaging the digestion process, inhibition of the methane (CH4) producing bacteria will diminish. This study shows that it is possible to remove a significant quantity of NH3 from the biogas digester headspace and liquid phase by a simple gas circulation method where gas bubbles free of NH3 is forced through the upper 30 cm of the liquid phase in the biogas digester, into the headspace and out of the digester. The suggested method improves conditions for anaerobic bacteria exposed to high concentrations of NH3 by simply removing NH3 from the digester.In full-scale biogas production the system presented in this study can be improved by circulating headspace gas through an ammonia absorber and returning the NH3 depleted biogas into the biogas digester. This method can also replace the need for mixing in biogas digesters. 相似文献
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The production of biogas through anaerobic digestion is one of the technological solutions to convert biomass into a readily usable fuel. Biogas can replace natural gas, if the biogas is upgraded to green gas. To contribute to the EU-target to reduce Green House Gases emissions, the installed biogas production capacity and the amount of farm-based biomass, as a feedstock, has to be increased. A model was developed to describe a green gas production chain that consists of several digesters connected by a biogas grid to an upgrading and injection facility. The model calculates costs and energy use for 1 m3 of green gas. The number of digesters in the chain can be varied to find results for different configurations. Results are presented for a chain with decentralized production of biogas, i.e. a configuration with several digesters, and a centralized green gas production chain using a single digester. The model showed that no energy advantage per produced m3 green gas can be created using a biogas grid and decentralized digesters instead of one large-scale digester. Production costs using a centralized digester are lower, in the range of 5 €ct to 13 €ct per m3, than in a configuration of decentralized digesters. The model calculations also showed the financial benefit for an operator of a small-scale digester wishing to produce green gas in the cooperation with nearby other producers. E.g. subsidies and legislation based on environmental arguments could encourage the use of decentralized digesters in a biogas grid. 相似文献
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发展应用沼气可有效利用农作物等废弃资源,降低能源消耗,减少环境污染.但我国北方冬季气温低,致使沼气池产气率极低,甚至发生池体冻裂,无法正常使用.通过建立太阳能沼气锅炉联合增温系统,试验测试并分析了沼气池内温度变化,确定了太阳能与沼气锅炉联合运行的匹配方式.结果表明联合增温系统能使沼气池体处于较好的发酵温度范围内,保证了... 相似文献
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随着我国沼气事业的发展,全国"三位一体"沼气建设规模不断扩大,评价某一地区的"三位一体"沼气池建设整体质量水平,评估沼气项目建设实施水平和生态效果,制定"三位一体"沼气池整体质量评价指标体系至关重要。文章从"三位一体"沼气建设区域适宜性指标体系、沼气建设质量体系、沼气服务体系等方面,可以评估出某一区域的沼气建设的科学性和整体建设质量水平。 相似文献
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Mukuna Tshiteya 《Energy》1985,10(12):1299-1306
A laboratory feasibility study was undertaken to evaluate the bioconversion of draff, a residue from the industrial conversion of malt in brewery, into a valuable fuel. Reaction rates up to 0.194 m3 gas/m3 digester/day and an overall yield of 35 m3 gas/dry ton substrate were observed at ambient temperature. Orsat analysis showed the biogas composition to be (in %): CH4, 61; CO2, 38; O2, 0.40; H2S, 0.20. Its energy content is 24.5 MJ/m3. The latent period was shortened to 24 hrs by seeding the reactor with active microorganisms from a well-operating anaerobic digester charged with horse's manure. A conversion-factor chart is constructed which compares the product biogas to other common fuels. Experimental tests were also performed on the same bench-scale equipment to evaluate the bioconversion of bovine and horse manures under similar conditions. The draff is shown to be a valuable potential fuel source. 相似文献
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沼气发酵猪粪管理系统对温室气体排放的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
基于生命周期清单分析以及清洁发展机制,引入"碳足迹"概念,对我国散养猪以及规模化养猪场引入沼气发酵系统后猪粪管理系统温室气体排放及减排进行了估算。农户散养猪粪处理系统中,12 m3沼气池厌氧发酵过程碳足迹为223.40 kg CO2e/a,沼气代替原煤燃烧减少444.33 kg CO2e/a温室气体,沼气发酵净减少220.93 kg CO2e/a温室气体,我国散养生猪产生的猪粪以此沼气池发酵可减少温室气体20 984.62 Gg CO2e/a;分析运行规模约1 000 m3大型沼气工程的碳足迹,保守估计为2 835.32 t CO2e/a,运行沼气工程替代煤炭以及减少猪粪排放的温室气体共约2 914.23 t CO2e/a,故沼气工程年减少温室气体78.91 t CO2e,该项目共可减排1 578.20 t CO2e。在猪粪管理系统中采用沼气发酵系统可以更好地促进温室气体减排的进行。 相似文献