细长正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳寿命评估

在多种焊接节点中产生的疲劳裂缝,也产生在大量细长正交异性钢桥面板中。一部分裂缝在桥梁投入使用短短几年之后便会出现,所以对于桥面焊接节点的疲劳寿命评估较复杂。这同时也是局部压应力会随着很多因素而随机变化的原因,尤其是那些在车胎、公路和钢结构的动力交互作用面上。     

Fatigue analysis of a pre-fabricated orthotropic steel deck for light-weight vehicles

An orthotropic steel deck designed for carrying light-weight vehicles was investigated to assess its fatigue life. Fracture mechanics analysis was performed with consideration of pre-existing flaws at the fatigue-sensitive region. Three-level models were used to accurately evaluate the stress-intensity factors at the rib-to-diaphragm connection. The crack growth was simulated by numerical integration of the Paris formula. In order to assess the severity of pre-existing flaws at the welded joint of the rib-to-diaphragm connection, the fatigue life of the deck was investigated with different sizes of initial crack. This approach provides a rational quality assessment method for the orthotropic steel deck.     

Inelastic behavior of orthotropic steel deck stiffened by U-shaped stiffeners

Owing to its high strength and stiffness, the orthotropic steel deck system has been widely used in the construction of long-span steel bridges. However, due to esthetic and economic considerations, slender types of orthotropic bridge have become very popular in recent years. Consequently, the stability of the orthotropic steel deck system under traffic load becomes more critical. Although the instability problem of the orthotropic steel deck system due to flexural compressive stress has been recognized for years, current bridge design specifications do not clearly specify the criteria to prevent local buckling of the orthotropic deck system. Most previous studies on orthotropic steel deck systems were focused on the out-of-plane behavior of the steel deck, and limited study has been carried out on the in-plane compressive behavior of the orthotropic steel deck system. There is a lack of knowledge on the inelastic behavior of the orthotropic steel deck system under flexural compressive stress. In this study, the inelastic behavior of 30 full-scale orthotropic steel deck specimens was examined. According to this study, it is found that the current design practice may lead to local buckling of the deck system. Based on this study, criteria are proposed for the requirement of compact and non-compact sections. Design guidelines for the inelastic ultimate strength of the steel deck system are also suggested.     

Fatigue cracking investigation on diaphragm cutout in a self-anchored suspension bridge with orthotropic steel deck

Abstract

To investigate the mechanism of base-metal cracking on diaphragm cutout in a self-anchored suspension bridge with orthotropic steel deck (OSD), multi-scale finite element models were established to obtain stress response at cutout detail under the passage of wheel loads. Fatigue life was evaluated based on nominal stress method and hot-spot stress method. The results indicated that the length of the longitudinal influence line for detail stress to wheel loads approximately equalled to twice the diaphragm spacing. The wheel loading location of maximum stress was the front wheel of middle-axle group 0.3?m from the diaphragm, and the stress was dominated by in-plane stress. The nominal stress was hard to define at cutout detail for high stress concentration, and the hot-spot stress was preferred to fatigue assessment based on S-N curve of FAT125, also nominal stress should be extracted at the location 5.0?mm from cutout edge. Cutout shape of Highway Bridge in Eurocode was suggested, and diaphragm thickness should not be below 12?mm. The cutout cracking was caused by poor cutout shape, thin diaphragm, high truck traffic volume and overloaded wheel loads, while undesirable fabrication control and large residual stress might also contribute to the cracking.     

深圳至中山跨江通道钢桥面板结构疲劳试验研究

正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳开裂问题是制约桥梁工程可持续发展的关键难题,亟需发展具有高疲劳抗力特性的正交异性钢桥面板结构。依托深圳至中山跨江通道项目,在钢桥面板结构中同时引入纵肋与顶板新型双面焊构造细节和纵肋与横隔板新型交叉构造细节两类构造细节,设计9个足尺节段模型,通过模型试验确定了纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节和新型双面焊构造细节、纵肋与横隔板传统交叉构造细节和新型交叉构造细节的疲劳开裂模式和实际疲劳抗力;采用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)确定了不同制造工艺条件下纵肋与顶板焊接细节的初始制造缺陷尺度;采用等效结构应力法确定了两类细节各疲劳开裂模式的疲劳抗力。研究结果表明:纵肋与顶板传统单面焊构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于顶板焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展,其疲劳抗力为95.1～98.7MPa,新型双面焊构造细节的疲劳裂纹起裂于顶板内侧焊趾并沿顶板厚度方向扩展,其疲劳抗力为108.5～123.2MPa,且在相同加载条件下,双面埋弧焊构造细节的疲劳抗力高于双面焊气体保护焊构造细节的疲劳抗力;传统单面焊构造细节焊根的初始制造缺陷尺度显著大于新型双面焊构造细节焊趾的初始制造缺陷尺度,且双面埋弧焊的初始制造缺陷尺度小...     

正交异性钢桥面板结构体系的疲劳破坏模式和抗力评估

正交异性钢桥面板的疲劳问题属于包含多疲劳破坏模式的结构体系疲劳问题。基于这一本质特性,以典型的正交异性钢桥面板结构体系为研究对象,由结构体系的主导疲劳破坏模式出发,提出正交异性钢桥面板结构体系疲劳抗力评估的新方法。以纵肋与顶板焊接细节和纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节为主要研究对象,设计8个足尺节段模型,主要包括传统纵肋与顶板焊接细节、新型镦边纵肋与顶板焊接细节和纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节,通过模型试验研究了两类重要构造细节的主导疲劳破坏模式和实际疲劳抗力,在此基础上结合切口应力评估方法探讨正交异性钢桥面板构造细节切口应力S-N曲线方程、结构体系的主导疲劳破坏模式等关键问题。研究结果表明：传统纵肋与顶板焊接细节和新型镦边纵肋与顶板焊接细节的主导疲劳破坏模式均为疲劳裂纹萌生于焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展,二者的实际疲劳抗力基本相同;纵肋与横隔板交叉构造细节的疲劳破坏模式为焊趾开裂沿纵肋腹板方向扩展;对于研究对象而言,萌生于纵肋与顶板焊接细节焊根并沿顶板厚度方向扩展的疲劳破坏模式为控制结构体系疲劳抗力的主导疲劳破坏模式。     

Dynamic analysis of a cable-stayed deck steel arch bridge

A theoretical and experimental research work in relation to the cable-stayed Barqueta bridge is described in this paper. Barqueta bridge, across Guadalquivir river, links the city of Seville with Scientific Park Cartuja 93. During rush hour cars may cover one half of the bridge lanes for more than one hour. Full-scale tests were carried out to measure the bridge dynamic response. The experimental program included the dynamic study for two different live load conditions: the bridge with one half of its lanes full of cars, and the bridge empty of cars. Modal parameter estimations were made based on the acquired data. Ten vibration modes were identified in the frequency range of 0-6 Hz by different techniques, two of these modes being very close to each other. The traffic-structure interaction is also studied. Experimental results were compared with those obtained from a three-dimensional finite element model developed in this work. Both sets of results show very good agreement. Finally, a damage identification technique has been applied to determine the integrity of the structure. Results obtained from a test developed in July 2005 have been correlated with experimental results obtained in October 2006 using the damage index method.     

Improvement of fatigue properties of orthotropic decks

Orthotropic decks are progressive structural elements which often occur in civil, mechanical, ship, air and space engineering. Besides the advantages like low weight, great stiffness, and low structural height, they suffer from dynamic forces causing fatigue cracks. Therefore, it was tried to improve their fatigue properties and, thus, to prolong their life. The proof of gluing the carbon fibre reinforcement composites (CFRC) in the critical details of the deck seems to be encouraging. The new types of the CFRC and glue give an other chance in the future.     

Analytical calculation of internal forces in orthotropic plated bridge decks based on the slope-deflection method

Orthotropic plated bridge decks are highly sensitive to fatigue damage, due to the large amount of welded connections, the high patch loads and the large number of stress cycles they involve. For highway bridges, the stiffener web to deck plate weld is often the determining fatigue detail for the deck design. This paper develops a detailed analytical model for the stresses in this detail, using the slope-deflection method. It models a cross-section of the deck plate, but incorporates into it the influence of the horizontal and vertical stiffness of the entire orthotropic plate as well as the torsional rigidity of the longitudinal stiffeners. This calculation method allows for the determination of all internal forces of the determining cross-section of the bridge deck.     

隔板挖孔形式对正交异性钢桥面板性能的影响

采用通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立某钢桥箱梁的计算模型,分析了几种不同的横隔板挖孔形式对正交异性钢桥面板构造细节处应力分布的影响,并根据分析结果推荐相对较优的钢桥面板布置形式。     

铁路正交异性钢桥面板防腐防水体系研究

正交异性钢桥面板由于具有结构合理、可减轻恒载、改善桥面行车性能的优点,在客运专线钢桥桥面上开始得到应用.通过对其防腐、防水技术的系统研究,提出了由SBD环氧富锌防锈漆、ZQFS2000聚脲弹性体和混凝土防护层组成的防水防护体系.     

纵肋截面形式对正交异性钢桥面板性能的影响

采用通用有限元分析软件ABAQUS建立某钢桥箱梁的计算模型,分析了几种不同的纵肋截面形式对正交异性钢桥面板构造细节处应力分布的影响,并根据分析结果推荐相对较优的钢桥面板布置形式。     

正交异性钢桥面铺装层疲劳寿命的断裂力学分析

计算和分析正交异性钢桥面铺装层表面裂缝应力强度因子,在此基础上应用Paris扩展公式预测铺装层疲劳寿命。将奇异单元布置在铺装层表面裂缝前沿,建立正交异性钢桥面系三维断裂力学有限元模型,计算铺装层表面裂缝的应力强度因子;分析裂缝应力强度因子随轴载作用位置的变化规律,确定了带裂缝铺装层轴载作用的最不利荷位;以最不利荷位作为轴载作用的标准荷位,计算应力强度因子随裂缝扩展深度的变化,并数值拟合得到了应力强度因子与裂缝深度的关系式;将应力强度因子的深度关系式代入Paris公式,积分得到铺装层的疲劳寿命。计算结果表明,基于钢桥面铺装层带裂缝工作的事实,应用断裂力学方法预测钢桥面铺装层疲劳寿命是可行的。     

Stress concentration in steel bridge orthotropic decks

The structural behaviour of orthotropic steel decks is characterized by the complex interaction between its components (deck plate, ribs and floorbeams) and also by the interaction between the structure, the pavement and the vehicle’s wheels tyres. Stress concentration resulting from out-of-plane bending of deck components at typical welded joints can make these structures quite susceptible to traffic-induced fatigue cracks. This paper addresses some of these issues through numerical modeling of orthotropic decks with trapezoidal closed ribs, via finite element method and elastic analysis of the structure under heavy vehicle wheel loading. The numerical model was calibrated with experimental results obtained from laboratory tests on a deck model. The obtained numerical results lead to a better understanding of the complex structural behaviour of slender orthotropic decks, with emphasis on the stress distribution and concentration at the rib to deck plate welded connection. A parametric analysis was performed to determine possible and rational combinations of the geometric parameters leading to the lowest values of stress peaks and the best consequent fatigue performance of the focused welded connection. Hence, the overall output can be addressed towards a safe and rational design as far as fatigue life is concerned.     

轻型车辆的预制正交异性钢板的疲劳分析

对轻型车辆的正交异性钢板进行疲劳分析,考虑疲劳敏感区域处的初始缺陷,获得疲劳寿命。采用3种模型精确模拟肋与隔板连接处的应力集中现象,并用Paris公式模拟裂纹发展状况。为了分析连接处焊接节点初始缺陷的影响,研究了不同初始裂纹下钢板的疲劳寿命。为正交异性钢板疲劳寿命的评估提出了一个合理的方法。     

Fatigue evaluation of steel-concrete composite deck in steel truss bridge——A case study

An innovative composite deck system has recently been proposed for improved structural performance. To study the fatigue behavior of a steel-concrete composite bridge deck, we took a newly-constructed rail-cum-road steel truss bridge as a case study. The transverse stress history of the bridge deck near the main truss under the action of a standard fatigue vehicle was calculated using finite element analysis. Due to the fact that fatigue provision remains unavailable in the governing code of highway concrete bridges in China, a preliminary fatigue evaluation was conducted according to the fib Model Code. The results indicate that flexural failure of the bridge deck in the transverse negative bending moment region is the controlling fatigue failure mode. The fatigue life associated with the fatigue fracture of steel reinforcement is 56 years. However, while the top surface of the bridge deck concrete near the truss cracks after just six years, the bridge deck performs with fatigue cracks during most of its design service life. Although fatigue capacity is acceptable under design situations, overloading or understrength may increase its risk of failure. The method presented in this work can be applied to similar bridges for preliminary fatigue assessment.     

A method for examining the seismic performance of steel arch deck bridges

To examine the seismic resistance performance of a steel arch bridge during a strong earthquake, an approach is proposed in this paper to determine the ultimate strain of an arch rib using the static elasto-plastic large deformation theory. A steel fixed-end deck arch bridge with a span length of 200 m was used as an example in this study. The ultimate strain of the arch rib was calculated using the elasto-plastic finite element model. The seismic responses of the arch bridge exposed to strong earthquakes in two and three directions were also simulated. Moreover, the effect of earthquake motion in the lateral direction on the elasto-plastic earthquake response was discussed, and the seismic resistance of the structure was analyzed. The results show that steel arch bridges have preferable seismic resistance under strong earthquake conditions. While lateral earthquake motion has some influence on the damage to an arch bridge, it has little effect on the displacement, axial force, and bending moment responses of the arch rib. It is feasible to examine the seismic performance of the arch bridge by ascertaining the out-of-plane and in-plane earthquake responses of the bridge.     

钢桥面铺装国内外研究现状

详细介绍了正交异性钢桥面板桥梁及钢桥面铺装技术在我国的应用和发展历程,阐述了国外关于钢桥面铺装技术的研究成果及特点,总结归纳了浇筑式沥青混凝土铺装层和环氧沥青混凝土铺装层的优缺点,以期指导钢桥面铺装施工。     

扁平钢箱梁桥面铺装应变分析

针对现有钢箱粱外腹板附近桥面铺装开裂这一主要破坏形式，采用有限元分析的手段对钢桥面铺装层进行力学分析，计算以典型扁平钢箱梁为基础，研究了沥青铺装层在车轮荷载作用下的横向应变分布的变化规律。确定最不利加载位置。     

钢纤维混凝土在桥面铺装施工中的应用

介绍了钢纤维混凝土的特点以及在桥面施工中的应用,并对钢纤维混凝土的拌和及钢纤维混凝土在桥面铺装施工中的施工工艺进行了详细说明,以达到桥面铺装所要求的效果。