Mechanical Verification of an Ideal Incremental ABR Conformance Algorithm

The Available Bit Rate protocol (ABR) for ATM networks is well adapted to data traffic by providing minimum rate guarantees and low cell loss to the ABR source end system. An ABR conformance algorithm for controlling the source rates through an interface has been defined by ATM Forum, and a more efficient version of it has been designed by Rabadan and Klay. We present in this work the first complete mechanical verification of the equivalence between these two algorithms. The proof is involved and has been supported by the PVS theorem prover. It has required many lemmas, case analysis, and induction reasoning for the manipulation of unbounded scheduling lists. Some ABR conformance protocols have been verified in previous works. However, these protocols are approximations of the one we consider here. In particular, the algorithms assume a bound on the number of rates to be scheduled.     

ATM网络中ABR业务的带宽分配算法研究

在ATM网络(异步转移模式)中,ABR(可用比特速率)业务主要面向数据通信服务,ABR带宽利用率的高低与所采用的带宽分配算法有密切的关系。文中介绍了ABR业务中带宽分配的一般性原则,并讨论了一种新的带宽分配算法。     

ABR流量控制中的变结构控制器

自适应比特(available bit rate,简称ABR)业务的流量控制是ATM网络中一种有效的拥塞控制机制和流量管理手段.在高速的ATM网络中,算法的简洁性在很大程度上决定着交换机的性能.尽管二进制ABR流量控制的简洁性具有相当大的吸引力,但标准的EFCI算法控制的队列长度和允许信元速率(allowed cell rate,简称ACR)却容易出现大幅振荡的现象,这势必会降低链路的利用率,严重影响交换机的性能.进而又有了相对复杂却有效的显式速率反馈机制.在此研究中,以已有的ABR流量控制模型为基础,应用概率拥塞判定机制,并借助鲁棒控制理论中滑模变结构控制器的设计方法,为ABR流量控制设计了一种新的二进制算法,避免了标准EFCI算法中非线性环节诱发的自激振荡,这对于充分发挥二进制流控算法的简洁性以及优化交换机的性能是极为有利的.仿真实验表明:二进制流量控制中的滑模变结构算法大幅度地抑制了ACR和队列的振荡,平滑了由此而引入的时延抖动,为实现ATM网络中的服务质量提供了可靠的实现机制.     

A new state space control scheme for Host-Gate Way Rate Control Protocol within intranets using ATM ABR service

In this paper, a new control strategy based on Host-Gate Way Rate Control Protocol is proposed for intranet congestion management. A more sophisticated optimal control algorithm based on a state space approach will be proposed via using the Available Bit Rate (ABR) service of an Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM) backbone network. The stability of the proposed control algorithm will be analyzed and the benefits of the algorithm are investigated thoroughly. Simulations confirm that the proposed new algorithm will produce lower queue level variance at the gateway. This implies that smaller buffers can fulfill the requirement for a given loss probability. Moreover, the queue level variance is less sensitive to variations in the ABR bandwidth model. This is true even when a self-similar long-range dependent trace is used to represent the ABR bandwidth in simulations, which is encouraging in view of the known self-similar nature of both LAN traffic and compressed video streams that will be sharing the ATM network.     

基于模糊逻辑的ABR显式流量控制算法

面向连接的ATM网络通过一系列的流量管理机制为各种应用提供纯粹的服务质量(QoS)保证，其中ABR业务流量控制的作用尤显重要．显式速率(Explicit Rate,ER)控制是一种有效的机制，有效性、公平性和算法复杂度是各种显式速率控制算法所面临的主要问题．该文将ABR业务流基于速率的端到端闭环反馈控制抽象为控制理论中典型的调节系统，运用不依赖对象模型的模糊控制理论设计了一种新的流量控制算法——模糊速率控制算法(FRCA)．仿真试验表明FRCA的综合性能良好：保证了最大—最小公平性的实现；在LAN和WAN上均有较好的适应能力；算法的复杂度低；队列长度的控制能力强；易于硬件实现．     

一种利用ABR业务保证多媒体传输基本质量的方法

在ATM网络中利用可用比特率(ABR)业务支持多媒体传输具有流量管理上的优势.该文提出了利用可用比特率(ABR)业务保证多媒体通讯基本服务质量的机制,并给出相应的支持算法.     

模糊控制在ATM流量管理中的应用

应用模糊控制理论,研究了ATM网络的流量管理问题。将ABR（Available Bit Rate)业务的流量控制抽象为一时滞系统的控制问题,指出了一种模糊速率流量控制算法,实现了带宽在各个ABR虚连接中公平有效地分配。仿真结果表明算法具有良好的综合性能。     

ATM网络流量控制中的活动VC计算方法

ATM网络ABR业务流量控制是一种基于速率的流量控制机制。在ERICA算法的基础上,提出有效活动虚连接的计算方法,根据它们的活动度计算活动连接的有效数值,从而准确计算出处于活动状态的源端数,将未用带宽在ATM网络ABR连接之间公平且准确地进行分配,体现了Max-Min公平分配准则,能保证算法的高效性和带宽分配的公平性。     

基于BFC模型的ATM网络拥塞控制器的设计

为充分提高ATM网络性能，设计一个高效的拥塞控制系统是关键。自适应比特(ABR)业务的流量控制正是ATM网络中一种有效的拥塞控制机制和流量管理手段。在二进制ABR流反馈控制方案中，信元速率和队列的大幅度振荡降低了链路利用率，但它的简洁性对设计高性能交换机又极具吸引力。为此，该文基于流体理论给出了二进制反馈控制的分析模型，并基于该模型。提出了传统PID和智能拥塞控制器的设计方案。然后，该文在相同条件下对两类控制方法进行了仿真，并比较分析了他们的优缺点。最后，该文提出了拥塞控制器的改进方法及下一步研究的课题和思路。     

A Compared Study of Two Correctness Proofs for the Standardized Algorithm of ABR Conformance

The ABR conformance protocol is a real-time program that controls dataflow rates on ATM networks. A crucial part of this protocol is the dynamical computation of the expected rate of data cells. We present here a modelling of the corresponding program with its environment, using the notion of (parametric) timed automata. A fundamental property of the service provided by the protocol to the user is expressed in this framework and proved by two different methods. The first proof relies on inductive invariants, and was originally verified using theorem-proving assistant COQ. The second proof is based on reachability analysis, and was obtained using model-checker HYTECH. We explain and compare these two proofs in the unified framework of timed automata.     

Design and analysis of a merging algorithm for multipoint-to-point ABR service in ATM networks

In this paper, we propose a merging algorithm, which can provide efficient support for multipoint-to-point ABR service in ATM networks. By forwarding the FRM cells belonging to the VC with the largest FRM-cell arrival rate in a merge point, the proposed algorithm can achieve better link utilization than existing merging algorithms. In addition, the proposed algorithm reduces the number of FRM cells forwarded by a merge point. As a result, it can reduce the control overhead of ABR service. Most importantly, it does not incur extra complexity in switches. We also discuss the impact of different network topologies on our algorithm. Simulation results show that the proposed algorithm is able to achieve better performance while requiring significantly fewer RM cells.     

ATM网络中ABR流量控制研究的进展

ＡＢＲ服务在ＡＴＭ网络中占有重要地位。ＡＢＲ流量控制是目前ＡＴＭ业务管理领域的热点,已发表了多种控制算法。本文对当前的一些研究成果进行了综述,对其特点进了评价,并展望了该研究的发展趋势。     

多时滞ATM网络中ABR 流量的积分滑模控制

针对含有多个时滞的异步传输模式(ATM)网络的拥塞问题,设计了积分滑模控制器,对可用比特率(ABR)业务流量进行控制,并引入预估器来补偿输入时滞.所设计的控制算法不但能够克服变化的ABR带宽给闭环系统带来的不利影响,而且还能保证含有多输入时滞闭环系统的稳定性,同时还可实现带宽按权重分配和缓冲队列长度的跟踪.     

First-order rate-based flow control with dynamic queue threshold for high-speed wide-area ATM networks

In this paper we present a new rate-based flow control scheme for ATM ABR services and analyze its performance. The proposed algorithm, which we refer to as first-order rate-based flow control (FRFC) is the most simple form of queue-length-based flow control. The asymptotic stability, the steady-state throughput, queue length and fairness, and the transient behavior are analyzed for the case of multiple connections with diverse round-trip delays. We also consider a novel approach to dynamically adjust a queue threshold in the FRFC according to the changes in the available bandwidth, and the arrival and departure of connections. Simulations show that the simple FRFC with dynamic queue threshold (DQT) effectively maintains high throughput, small loss and a desired fairness in these dynamic environments and is a promising solution for ABR flow control in ATM networks.     

二进制ABR流量控制的离散滑模控制算法

针对ATM网络的拥塞控制问题，考虑网络中的不确定性因素，借助离散滑模控制理论的设计方法。提出一种二进制ABR（可用比特率）流量控制算法．该算法利用线性矩阵不等式设计了一个稳定的滑模面，同时给出了一种能够明显减小滑模面附近抖振的离散趋近律，基于该趋近律的控制律能有效抑制ATM交换机中的队列长度和允许信元速率的振荡．仿真算例证实了所提出算法的有效性．     

ABR业务流量控制中的显速率反馈

ABR(Available Bit Rate)业务可以提高ATM网络的利用率,能让用户LAN通过广域网进行高吞吐量、低丢失率的互通。可以预计,未来ATM网上的数据业务将主要用ABR连接来传输。ABR业务中的首要问题是流量控制。文章在比较了几种流量控制方案后,认为显速率反馈是ABR业务流量及拥塞控制的一个有效方法,是完善ABR业务的一个重要手段,并对显速率算法作了进一步研究。     

基于ABR业务模型的TCP协议性能分析

ＡＢＲ精力是ＡＴＭ中新定义的一种业务类型，经主要面向数据传输服务，采用基于速率的端到端的拥塞控制机制。ＴＣＰ是Ｉｎｔｅｒｎｔ所主要数据输协议。采用基于窗口的拥塞控制机制。文中主要讨论了讨论了ＴＣＰ与ＡＢＲ业务所采用的两种不同的拥塞控制机制，分析了基于ＡＢＲ的ＴＣＰ协议所呈的一些特点以及ＡＴＭ交换机缓存的大小对ＴＣＰ性能的影响。     

多通道ATM 网络鲁棒拥塞控制

拥塞控制对ATM网络有效、稳定运行具有重要的作用，在单瓶颈多通道的网络模型下，基于Smith预估原理，提出一种新颖的鲁棒拥塞控制器设计方案，这种基于速率的拥塞控制可以保证ABR的服务质量(QoS)，理论分析和仿真结果表明，所提出方案收敛速度快，对网络的不确定因素具有较强的鲁棒性。     

基于速率的反馈拥塞控制的最优化问题研究

基于速率的反馈拥塞控制用于ＡＴＭ网络中可用位速率（ＡＢＲ）流量控制。可用位速率业务需要最优和稳定的流量控制器来保证高的吞吐量和保证网络的稳定性。本文采用线性控制理论来设计基于速率的流量控制器。这个控制器是一个简单的比例控制器,使用品质因数来优化参数。文中证实了最优化控制器对系统参数的最小依赖性。     

一种基于ABR业务的自适应流量控制策略

本文针对ATM网络中的ABR业务，设计了一种自适应比例微分（PD）拥塞控制器。该算法实现简单，适合计算机控制系统实现，在大时延ATM网络中具有实际应用价值。