准直D-T中子束穿过大块板状聚乙烯样品积分实验

本文介绍了中国原子能科学研究院建立的准直中子束积分实验装置。该装置利用T(d,n)⁴He反应产生14.8 MeV脉冲中子束,经1.1 m厚重水泥屏蔽墙上的准直孔道后与样品作用,用飞行时间法测量样品不同方向的泄漏中子谱。首次测量了样品厚度分别为4.5、9、18和27 cm的大块板状聚乙烯样品在30°和50°方向的泄漏中子谱;考虑靶结构、源中子能谱和角分布、脉冲束宽度及探测器效率,利用MCNP程序模拟计算了相同实验条件下的泄漏中子飞行时间谱。实验结果与模拟结果符合较好。     

镓样品泄漏中子谱的测量与分析

基于中国原子能科学研究院的中子学积分实验装置,利用BC501A液体闪烁体探测器,结合飞行时间法（TOF）测量了镓样品的泄漏中子谱。采用MCNP 4C程序进行了模拟并与实验泄漏中子谱进行了比较,对ENDF/B-Ⅶ.1、JEFF-3.2、TENDL-2015数据库中镓核中子评价数据进行了宏观基准检验分析,并与TALYS程序计算结果作对比。研究结果显示：在9 MeV以下能区,TENDL-2015库与实验结果符合很好;在弹性散射能区,JEFF-3.2和TENDL-2015库与实验结果符合较好;对于12 MeV左右的非弹性散射峰,JEFF-3.2库与实验结果符合较好,TALYS计算结果显示该部分主要来自镓核分离能级的贡献。     

MeV中子穿透~9Be板状样品评价中子核数据的基准检验

为检验次级中子泄漏谱及其角分布,利用飞行时间法测量了出射角为90°的板状9Be样品的泄漏中子谱。同时,以CENDL3.0、ENDF/B-6、JENDL3.3、JEF3.0/3.1等库作为中子输运计算的数据库,采用MCNP程序对实验装置及条件进行了精确模拟。在3～14MeV能量区间,将实验结果与模拟结果进行了     

233U评价数据的临界基准检验

为检验和改进²³³U核反应全套中子评价数据的质量，从国际核临界安全手册ICSBEP中选取快谱、超热谱和热谱临界基准实验装置，对中国评价核数据库CENDL-3.1、美国评价核数据库ENDF/B-Ⅶ.0、日本评价核数据JENDL-3.3和JENDL-4.0中的²³³U评价数据进行了基准检验。采用蒙特卡罗程序MCNP5计算了所选基准装置的有效增殖因数k_eff，并与基准值进行比较。运用基于能谱指标的趋势分析、灵敏度分析等方法进行了分析。在基准检验中，现有的²³³U评价数据的主要问题是从热临界基准中能谱较硬的装置到超热谱基准装置再到部分快谱临界基准装置，较为普遍地存在k_eff的严重低估。从热堆设计角度考虑，ENDF/B-Ⅶ.0库²³³U评价数据表现较好，但仍高估了共振俘获的贡献。     

~(209)Bi中子反应双微分截面的理论计算和分析

根据209Bi与中子反应的总截面、弹性散射截面、去弹性散射截面和弹性散射角分布的实验数据,应用自动调整光学模型势参数程序,得到了一组中子的光学模型势参数;使用这组参数和中子能量在20 MeV以下的核反应理论计算程序并考虑了中子直接非弹性散射的贡献,计算了209Bi与中子反应的所有截面、角分布和能谱,特别是发射中子、质子、氘、氚和α 粒子的双微分截面,γ产生截面和γ产生谱。理论计算结果与实验数据和评价库的结果进行了比较和分析,结果表明:无论是反应截面,还是能谱,现在的结果比ENDF/B-6和JENDL-3评价库中的结果与实验数据符合的更好、更合理。理论计算结果以ENDF/B-6格式推荐并提供使用。     

基于D-T中子源的板状铋样品宏观基准检验实验

<正>为检验Bi核素评价数据的可靠性,利用中国原子能科学研究院板状样品中子核数据宏观基准检验系统(图1),开展了Bi样品的基准实验测量和模拟计算。实验测量采用飞行时间法测量了14.5 MeV脉冲氘氚中子源与板状样品作用后在60°和120°方向的泄漏中子谱,样品厚度为5、10、15cm,所测量中子能量区间为0.8～16 MeV;     

用组合叠层CR-39固体径迹探测器测量加速器厚铍靶9Be(d,n)反应中子能谱

采用组合叠层CR-39固体径迹探测器实验方法测量了加速器D（d,n）反应产生的5MeV与2MeV准单能中子能谱。进而测量了入射氘离子能量为3MeV时加速器厚铍靶9Be（d,n）反应的中子能谱,与已有的飞行时间法的测量结果基本相符。在此基础上,用该法又测量了入射氘离子能量为1．5MeV时加速器厚铍靶9Be（d,n）反应的中子能谱,结果符合较低能量氘离子与厚铍靶发生9Be（d,n）的核反应的物理过程。     

积分实验系统的标准样品法检验

积分实验是检验评价中子核数据准确性的重要手段,利用标准样品法,对中国原子能科学研究院的积分实验系统进行了检验。标准样品分别采用聚乙烯(10 cm×10 cm×5 cm)和水(?10 cm×5 cm),通过中子飞行时间技术,获得了14 MeV氘氚脉冲中子与聚乙烯作用后47°方向泄漏中子谱,与水作用后30°方向泄漏中子谱。利用MCNP5程序获得相应的模拟,对模拟谱(C)与实验谱(E)中的中子与氢弹性散射峰(n-p散射峰)面积进行了比较。结果表明,两个样品的n-p散射峰面积C/E值均在2%内一致。实验证明系统获得的测量数据是可靠的。     

不同体积聚乙烯样品泄漏中子飞行时间谱测量与模拟研究

采用T(d,n)~4 He脉冲中子源和中子飞行时间法测量了3种不同尺寸聚乙烯样品在60°方向的泄漏中子飞行时间谱。通过3种模拟模型(点探测器简化模型、点探测器复杂模型和环探测器复杂模型),应用MCNP程序分别模拟得到了泄漏中子飞行时间谱,并与实验数据进行比较。结果显示:对于小体积样品(?13cm×6cm),3种模型的模拟数据和实验结果在n-p散射峰符合均很好;对于大体积样品(30cm×30cm×6cm,40cm×40cm×6cm),采用环探测器复杂模型的计算结果更加接近实验值。该研究工作为将来开展大体积样品基准检验奠定了基础。     

252Cf裂变γ射线伴随飞行时间法刻度液体闪烁体中子探测效率

宏观检验实验是检验核数据正确性的重要实验方法之一。液体闪烁体中子探测器是中子核数据宏观检验实验中快中子能谱测量的主要探测器,其探测效率曲线的准确性关系到实验结果的精度。本文采用²⁵²Cf中子源的伴随γ射线和飞行时间法测得了液体闪烁体对2.0～10.0 MeV中子的相对探测效率曲线,同时利用飞行时间法和400 kV脉冲中子发生器的d-D反应中子源测得了2.9 MeV单能中子的绝对探测效率。将相对探测效率曲线归一到单能点的绝对效率,得到探测器在这一能区的绝对探测效率曲线。使用蒙特卡罗程序NEFF模拟相同参数的液体闪烁体探测器对10.0 MeV以下中子的探测效率曲线。最后将实验结果与模拟结果对比,结果表明实验得到的探测效率曲线合理、准确。     

Performance of the CENDL-3.2 and other major neutron data libraries for criticality calculations

Nuclear data are the cornerstones of reactor physics and shielding calculations.Recently,China released CENDL-3.2 in 2020,and the US released ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0 in 2018.Therefore,it is necessary to comprehensively evaluate the criticality computing performance of these newly released evaluated nuclear libraries.In this study,we used the NJOY2016 code to generate ACE format libraries based on the latest neutron data libraries（including CENDL-3.2,JEFF3.3,ENDF/B-Ⅷ.0,and JENDL4.0）.The MCNP code was used to ...     

Problems of lead nuclear data in fusion blanket design

In an irradiation experiment using a LiAl/Pb assembly, we found out that the neutron flux inside the assembly calculated with JENDL-3.3 underestimates an experimental value in the 10–16 MeV region by around 30% and that in the 0.5–5 MeV region by around 15%, while the calculated flux with JEFF-3.1 overestimates the measurement in the 5–10 MeV region by around 20%. In order to reveal a reason of the discrepancy, problems of the nuclear data libraries for lead were investigated. As a result, the following problems of the evaluated libraries were pointed out: the cross-sections of the (n,2n) reaction in JENDL-3.3 for lead isotopes are too large and cause a significant underestimation of the neutron flux above 10 MeV, which appeared in the analysis of the above experiment. Inelastic scattering data for ²⁰⁸Pb in JENDL-3.3 reproduce previous experimental double-differential cross-section data most well. However, those for the other lead isotopes have some problems and cause a large underestimation of the neutron flux from 0.5 to 5 MeV. The reason of the overestimation in the energy region of 5–10 MeV with JEFF-3.1 is still unclear.     

Detail analysis of fusion neutronics benchmark experiment for iron

In order to specify the best nuclear data on iron, the fusion neutronics benchmark experiment on iron at Japan Atomic Energy Agency (JAEA)/Fusion Neutronics Source (FNS) was analyzed in detail with MCNP-4C and the latest nuclear data libraries, JENDL-3.3, FENDL-2.1, JEFF-3.1 and ENDF/B-VII.0. As a result, totally the calculation result with ENDF/B-VII.0 agreed with the measurement best, except that it underestimated the measured neutron flux above 10 MeV with the depth. It was noted that the calculation result with JENDL-3.3 overestimated the measured neutrons below a few keV. Through the DORT calculations based on the iron data in ENDF/B-VII.0, it was found out that the first inelastic scattering cross-section data of ⁵⁷Fe in JENDL-3.3 caused the overestimation.     

CTBT气溶胶γ能谱的能量漂移校正方法

CTBT放射性核素台站气溶胶样品通常采用HPGe γ谱仪系统测量,能量刻度是核素识别的关键。针对放射性核素台站气溶胶γ能谱存在的能量漂移问题,提出了一种基于²¹²Pb、²¹²Bi、²⁰⁸Tl、²¹⁰Pb、⁴⁰K和⁷Be等天然放射性核素γ射线的能量漂移校正方法。测试结果表明,该能量漂移校正方法能有效校正能谱中γ峰能量偏差。     

Measurement of ~(232)Th(n,2n)~(231)Th reaction cross-sections at neutron energies of 14.1 MeV and 14.8 MeV using neutron activation method

In this study, the activation cross-sections were measured for ~(232)Th(n,2n)~(231)Th reactions at neutron energies of 14.1 and 14.8 MeV, which were produced by a neutron generator through a T(d,n)~4He reaction. Induced gamma-ray activities were measured using a low background gamma ray spectrometer equipped with a high resolution HPGe detector. In the cross-section calculations, corrections were made regarding the effects of gamma-ray attenuation, dead-time, fluctuation of the neutron flux, and low energy neutrons. The measured cross-sections were compared with the literature data, evaluation data(ENDF-B/VII.1, JENDL-4.0 and CENDL-3.1), and the results of the model calculation(TALYS1.6).     

快中子活化法对声空化核效应的验证

采用纯铜作为阈探测器检测声致核聚变产生的14 MeV中子。根据14 MeV中子与Cu的核反应,选择合适的放射性核素及其特征γ峰作为测量依据。中子辐照时间为50 min,经30 min和198 min冷却,NaI探测器分别测量了超声和非超声下活化铜片的511 keV特征γ峰计数,测量结果显示,采用短冷却时间可测得⁶²Cu的511 keV γ特征峰,γ峰净面积计数增量ΔC均为正值,具有统计意义,在声空化条件下核反应液体中D-T反应产生的14 MeV中子发生率大于在非声空化条件下的;采用长冷却时间可测得⁶⁴Cu的511 keV γ特征峰,ΔC均为正值,具有统计意义,在声空化条件下核反应液体中D-D反应产生的2.45 MeV中子发生率大于在非声空化条件下的。由此验证了声空化核效应（NEAC）,并初步分析了中子成核声空化核效应的机制。     

Measurement and Simulation of TEPC Microdosimetric Spectra in Gamma Radiation Field

According to the different characteristics of microdosimetric spectra measured by tissue equivalent proportional counter (TEPC), the neutron dose equivalent and γ dose equivalent could be distinguished in a unknown neutron and γ mixed radiation field. In order to discriminate the γ radiation dose equivalent from the total value,the pure γ microdosimetric spectra was measured in ⁶⁰Co、¹³⁷Cs radionuclide radiation field with TEPC. TEPC microdosimetric spectra in a series of monoenergy γ radiation field were simulated by FLUKA code. All the γ radiation microdosimetric spectra, including measured spectrum in ⁶⁰Co、¹³⁷Cs radiation field and that of simulation spectrum by FLUKA code, reveal a trait that the linear energy of γ radiation is basically lower than 10 keV/μm. This trait is the very foundation to discriminate the γ radiation from the mixed radiation.     

Comparison of calculated and measured reaction rates obtained through foil activation in the subcritical dual spectrum facility YALINA-Booster

Reaction rates were measured by the foil activation technique to obtain neutron spectrum information in a subcritical core driven by an external neutron source. The experimental results are compared with Monte Carlo calculations in order to examine the capability of the Monte Carlo code MCNP together with ENDFB-6.8, JEFF-3.1.1 and CENDL-3.1 neutron cross section libraries to predict the neutron spectrum dependent reaction rates correctly in a subcritical core. The focus lies on fast neutrons. A discrepancy is found in the calculated-to-experimental values of the reaction rates and an inaccurate cross section is identified in CENDL-3.1.     

Validation of Pb nuclear data by Monte Carlo analyses of sample reactivity experiments at Kyoto University Critical Assembly

Sample reactivity experiments on the uncertainty analyses of Pb nuclear data are carried out by substituting Al plates for Pb ones at the Kyoto University Critical Assembly, as part of basic research on Pb–Bi for the coolant. Numerical simulations of sample reactivity experiments are performed with the Monte Carlo calculation code MCNP6.1 together with four nuclear data libraries JENDL-3.3, JENDL-4.0, ENDF/B-VII.0 and JEFF-3.1, to examine the accuracy of cross-section uncertainties of Pb isotopes by comparing measured and calculated sample reactivities. A library update from JENDL-3.3 to JENDL-4.0 is demonstrated by the fact that the difference between Pb isotopes of the two JENDL libraries is dominant in the comparative study, through the experimental analyses of sample reactivity by the MCNP approach. In addition, JENDL-4.0 reveals a slight difference from ENDF/B-VII.0 in all Pb isotopes and ²⁷Al, and from JEFF-3.1 in ²³⁸U and ²⁷Al. Based on these results, further experiments are needed to investigate the uncertainties of Bi isotopes with the use of the Pb–Bi and Bi plates.