Cu/ZnO/SBA-15催化剂的制备及碳酸酯加氢性能研究

以Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O、Zn (NO_3)_2·6H_2O及SBA-15分子筛制备碳酸乙烯酯加氢制乙二醇和甲醇的Cu/ZnO/SBA-15催化剂,考察了制备方法(过量浸渍法、等体积浸渍法、旋转蒸发法和氨蒸法)对催化剂Cu/ZnO/SBA-15的影响及不同Cu/ZnO比对反应性能影响。研究发现,氨蒸法制备的催化剂负载量大,且分散性好,Cu、ZnO总负载量为20%,铜锌比为2∶1,反应性能最优,此时碳酸乙烯酯的转化率100%,甲醇的选择性69. 7%,乙二醇的选择性100%。     

Cu/ZnO/SBA-15催化剂的制备及碳酸酯加氢性能研究

以Cu(NO_3)_2·3H_2O、Zn (NO_3)_2·6H_2O及SBA-15分子筛制备碳酸乙烯酯加氢制乙二醇和甲醇的Cu/ZnO/SBA-15催化剂,考察了制备方法(过量浸渍法、等体积浸渍法、旋转蒸发法和氨蒸法)对催化剂Cu/ZnO/SBA-15的影响及不同Cu/ZnO比对反应性能影响。研究发现,氨蒸法制备的催化剂负载量大,且分散性好,Cu、ZnO总负载量为20%,铜锌比为2∶1,反应性能最优,此时碳酸乙烯酯的转化率100%,甲醇的选择性69. 7%,乙二醇的选择性100%。     

微波法合成(SBA-15) -Et2O3纳米复合材料研究

本文采用了水热合成法制备出介孔分子筛SBA-15,并创新性地利用微波液相介质法、微波固相法把纳米Eu2O3成功的组装到介孔分子筛SBA-15孔道内.所制备的(SBA-15) -Eu2O3主-客体纳米复合材料表现出与Eu2O3不同的发光现象,它发出单色光,使光谱纯化.     

固相微萃取涂层材料CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3-SBA-15的制备与表征

以甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷（γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane, CH2OCHCH2O（CH2）3Si（OCH3）3; GPTES）为偶联剂,将醚基官能团接枝于SBA-15介孔分子筛孔道中,制备了无机-有机复合介孔材料CH2OCHCH2O（CH2）3-SBA-15,用小角X射线衍射,N2吸附-脱咐,元素分析,红外光谱和滴定法对复合材料进行了表征.结果表明,醚基有机基团成功接枝到SBA-15孔道内壁,而且SBA-15仍保持了有序的孔道结构.并研究了CH2OCHCH2O（CH2）3-SBA-15的萃取效能,结果表明,该涂层材料对多环芳烃有较高的萃取效率.     

固相微萃取涂层材料CH_2OCHCH_2O(CH_2)_3-SBA-15的制备与表征

以甲基三乙酰氧基硅烷(γ-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxy silane,CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3Si(OCH3)3;GPTES)为偶联剂,将醚基官能团接枝于SBA-15介孔分子筛孔道中,制备了无机-有机复合介孔材料CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3-SBA-15,用小角X射线衍射,N2吸附-脱咐,元素分析,红外光谱和滴定法对复合材料进行了表征。结果表明,醚基有机基团成功接枝到SBA-15孔道内壁,而且SBA-15仍保持了有序的孔道结构。并研究了CH2OCHCH2O(CH2)3-SBA-15的萃取效能,结果表明,该涂层材料对多环芳烃有较高的萃取效率。     

K_2O/SBA-15的制备及其催化性能研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,负载KNO3后焙烧制得K2O/SBA-15固体碱催化剂,以合成丙烯酸正丁酯的酯交换反应为探针反应,在间歇式反应釜中对K2O/SBA-15催化剂进行催化活性评价。结果表明,当K2O负载量为2%,K2O/SBA-15催化剂对此酯交换反应的催化活性最高。     

超声场下制备催化燃烧VOCs的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂

对在超声场下制备得到的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂与常规的浸渍法制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂进行了对比研究,分别进行催化氧化(燃烧)销毁甲苯和苯的实验,并用SEM,XRD,TPR和XPS对所制备的催化剂进行表征.研究结果表明:使用超声场下制备得到的CuO/γ-Al2O3作为催化剂的活性明显高于普通浸渍法制备得到的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂的活性.SEM分析表明,在超声场下制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂表面上的CuO晶体颗粒较小,且分布均匀;XRD分析表明超声促进了活性组分铜在表面的分散,CuO在催化剂表面由晶体向高分散的非晶相型转变.TPR分析表明在超声场下制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂中活性组分铜还原的途径从Cu(Ⅱ)还原到Cu(Ⅰ),再从Cu(Ⅰ)还原到金属铜,这有助于增强催化剂中Cu的还原性;XPS表征分析显示,在超声场下制备的CuO/γ-Al2O3催化剂与用普通浸渍法制得的CuO/γ-Al2O3相比,Cu2p3/2的结合能由934.2eV变到933.1eV,在催化剂表面呈现出Cu2 和Cu 的混合形式.     

介孔分子筛K2O/SBA-15催化酯化反应的研究

以介孔分子筛SBA-15为载体,负载KNO3后经过煅烧,制得K2O/SBA-15固体碱催化剂.通过XRD和BET对样品进行了测试分析,并对K2O/SBA-15催化合成油酸甲酯的酯化反应进行了研究.试验结果表明:当K2O负载量为2%,n(醇)∶n(酸)2∶1,反应温度180℃,反应时间4 h,催化剂用量为原料质量的5.0...     

K_2O/CaO-SBA-15催化大豆油制备生物柴油研究

通过浸渍法制备固体碱催化剂:K2O-SBA-15、CaO-SBA-15和K2O/CaO-SBA-15,用于催化大豆油和无水甲醇发生酯交换反应制备生物柴油,并进行X射线衍射(XRD),氮气吸附脱附表征。结果表明,负载固体碱后,没有改变介孔分子筛SBA-15的规则孔道结构,并且碱金属氧化物均匀负载在SBA-15的孔壁上。按三组分四因素的正交试验设计方案进行实验,表明各因素影响制备生物柴油的程度依次为:反应时间反应温度醇油摩尔比催化剂用量。反应的最佳条件为:以3%K2O/3%CaO-SBA-15为催化剂,反应温度60℃,反应时间3h,醇油摩尔比为16:1,催化剂用量为油重的3%,可得生物柴油产率为87.12%。     

Al_2O_3-ZrO_2复合氧化物对Cu基催化剂选择加氢性能的影响

采用共沉淀法制备Al2O3-ZrO2复合氧化物,并以此为载体制备负载型Cu基催化剂,运用X射线衍射、X射线能谱、扫描电子显微镜对载体和催化剂进行表征。以糠醛气相加氢制糠醇反应为探针,考察复合氧化物对Cu基催化剂选择加氢活性的影响。结果表明,Al2O3-ZrO2复合氧化物中ZrO2的存在会减少CuO与Al2O3的接触,降低Cu基催化剂的深加氢能力;Al2O3有助于延迟ZrO2的晶化,避免活性组分Cu嵌入到ZrO2晶格中导致催化活性下降。载体中ZrO2质量分数为20%时,Cu/Al2O3-ZrO2催化剂选择加氢活性最高,与Cu/Al2O3催化剂相比,该催化剂具有较好的低温加氢活性和高温加氢选择性。     

钕-铝系稀土色料的研制

通过钕-铝系列色料合成实验,分析不同配比及不同矿化剂等对色料呈色效果的影响,确定最佳工艺方法。对实验结果进行XRD及色度分析,确定其主晶相为钕酸铝,试样的明度均在70以上,色彩鲜艳亮丽。     

Polycrystalline In2O3 and In2O3/Y2O3 photoanodes

Single crystal In₂O₃ shows promise as a photoanode for the decomposition of water. Because of various difficulties in the preparation of the single crystal material, two simple techniques were developed for the preparation of polycrystalline In₂O₃ anodes. One method involves the thermal decomposition of the nitrate while the other utilizes the chemical vapour deposition technique. Voltammograms and photoresponse spectra of these anodes are compared to the single crystal material. Among other observations, it is noted that the quantum efficiencies of the thermally decomposed films are comparable to the single crystal material. It is also shown that the on-set potential can be shifted to more negative values by forming the mixed oxide In₂O₃/Y₂O₃.     

Phase equilibrium in binary La2O3-Dy2O3 and ternary CeO2-La2O3-Dy2O3 systems

Cerium oxide doped with oxides of rare earth elements is a multifunctional material, a wide range of uses which is associated with its unique physicochemical properties. Phase diagrams of multicomponent systems are the physicochemical basis for the creation of new materials with improved characteristics.In this work, phase equilibria in ternary CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ and binary La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ systems in the whole concentration range were studied. No new phases have been identified in these systems. An isothermal section of the phase diagram of the CeO₂–La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ system at a temperature of 1500 °С is constructed. No new phases have been detected in the system. It was found that in the studied ternary system solid solutions are formed on the basis of (F) modification of CeO₂ with structure of fluorite type, monoclinic (B), cubic (C) and hexagonal (A) modifications of Ln₂O₃.In the La₂O₃–Dy₂O₃ binary system (1500–1100 °С) three types of solid solutions are formed: based on hexagonal modification A-La₂O₃, monoclinic modification B-Dy₂O₃ and cubic modification C-Dy₂O₃ separated by two-phase fields (A+B) and (B+C), respectively. The boundaries of the regions of homogeneity of solid solutions based on A-La₂O₃ are determined by compositions containing 35–40, 20–25, 15–20 mol% Dy₂O₃ at 1500, 1250, 1100 °C, respectively. From the obtained data it follows that the solubility of Dy₂O₃ in the hexagonal modification of lanthanum oxide is 39 mol% at 1500 °C, 23 mol. % at 1250 °C and 16 mol% at 1100 °C. The limits of existence of solid solutions based on monoclinic B-modification are determined by compositions containing 30–35, 65–60 (1250 °С), 35–40, 55–60 (1100 °С) 40–45, 70–75 (1500 °C) mol% Dy₂O₃.In the studied system, with a decrease in temperature from 1500° to 1100°C, there is a decrease in the solubility of La₂O₃ in the crystal lattice of cubic solid solutions of C-type from 16 to 10 mol%.     

Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中铝、铁的反应行为

以Al2O3, Fe2O3和Na2CO3为原料,对Na2O-Al2O3-Fe2O3系烧结过程中的反应行为进行了详细研究. 基于溶出率与时间、温度的关系,证明Na2O×Al2O3和Na2O×Fe2O3的生成反应动力学都服从Zhuralev-Lesokin-Tempelman模型,表观活化能分别为186.59和80.92 kJ/mol,表明Na2O×Fe2O3比Na2O×Al2O3在动力学上更易形成;Al2O3易与Na2O×Fe2O3反应形成Na2O×Al2O3和Fe2O3,在1273 K烧结30 min,所得熟料Al2O3溶出率达98.51%;Fe2O3对Na2O×Al2O3的形成有双重作用,在1273 K下可加速Na2O×Al2O3的形成,超过1323 K,促使Na2O×Al2O3分解成Na2O和b-Al2O3,且随着温度升高或时间延长,分解程度增高,从而导致熟料中Al2O3溶出率显著降低.     

Fe2O3-MnO-Cr2O3-La2O3系统紫色颜料的制备及表征

采用溶胶均匀共沉淀法于低温下合成了含少量稀土氧化物La2O3的紫色颜料，并采用颜色测定、SEM、XRD等手段对颜料的颜色、检度及结晶构造等进行了表征。     

Separation of Phases by Spinodal Decomposition in the Systems Al2O3−Cr2O3 and Al2O3−Cr2O3−Fe2O3

Separation of phases was investigated in the hexagonal (rhombohedral) systems Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃ and Al₂O₃−Cr₂O₃−Fe₂O₃. The binary system shows a miscibility gap with a T_c of 950°C; the miscibility gap for the ternary system was determined for a constant Cr₂O₃ content of 16.6 mol%. Dark field transmission electron microscopy of solid solutions annealed within the miscibility gap showed dark and light lamellas ∼50 to 200 Å thick. X-ray diffraction results for the solid solutions in the ternary system indicated that, in the early stages of annealing, broadening occurred only on (hkl) reflections where l≠0. There was no major change in the X-ray diffraction patterns of the annealed solid solutions in the binary system. Electron diffraction results indicated, however, that phase separation in both systems proceeded in the [001] direction. Solid solutions in the binary system separated very slowly; the separation could be enhanced hydrothermally. The mechanism of the separation of phases in both systems is spinodal and proceeds as follows: solid solution→intermediate modulated phase→equilibrium phases.     

ß-Al2O3 synthesis from m-Al2O3

-Al₂O₃ formation fromm-Al₂O₃ was found by a new convenient technique. By thermal decomposition of a complex compound, trioxalatoaluminate Na _x (NH₄)_3–x [Al(C₂O₄)₃]yH₂O(0.091 x 0.333;y= 3), a very fine powder ofm-Al₂O₃ was formed. The decomposition process was examined by thermal analysis and X-ray diffraction and the phase relation of the system Na₂O-Al₂O₃ in the midtemperature region between 600 and 1200° C is discussed briefly. The tablet ofm-Al₂O₃ was fired at 1600° C for 30 min to prepare dense-Al₂O₃ ceramics, the apparent density of which was greater than 95% of the theoretical value. The sintered tablet was examined from the structural point of view and the electrical conductivity was measured by an a.c. method to verify that the procedure of the complex decomposition is a suitable technique for-Al₂O₃ synthesis.     

Oxide/oxide composites in the system Cr2O3-Y2O3-Al2O3

Ceramic compacts in the systems Al₂O₃–Y₂O₃, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Cr_yAl_1-y)₅O₁₂ (Cr-doped YAG) were prepared by solid state reaction in calcined co-precipitated powder mixtures of appropriate compositions. Various solid-solution phases were formed, e.g. Y₃(Al_1-xCr_x)₅O₁₂, YAl_yCr_1-yO₃ and Al_2-xCr_xO₃. Composite materials in the pseudo-binary or ternary systems Al₂O₃–Y₃Al₅O₁₂, Cr₂O₃–Y₂O₃ and Y₃(Al_1–xCr_x)₅O₁₂–YAl_yCr_1–yO₃–(Al_zCr_1−z)₂O₃ were obtained by hot-pressing appropriate powder precursors at 1600–1650°C for 1 h. The microstructure of the prepared materials was studied in a scanning electron microscope with element analysis facilities. X-ray diffraction was used to reveal the phases present and their lattice parameters. The chemical compatibility of these phases was investigated. The results are discussed with a special emphasis on the solubility of Cr in the YAG structure, and on the compatibility relationship between Cr-doped YAG and its neighbouring phases. A gel-coating process for preparing Al₂O₃–YAG composites with tailored microstructures is also described.     

Bactericidal Effectiveness of O3, O3/H2O2 and O3/TiO2 on Clostridium perfringens

The purpose of this research is to evaluate the bactericidal capacity of different Advanced Oxidation Treatments (AOTs) based on ozone: ozone, ozone/hydrogen peroxide and ozone/titanium dioxide on a wild strain of Clostridium perfringens, a fecal bacterial indicator in drinking water. The dose of ozone consumed ranges from 0.6 mg L^?1 min^?1 to 5.13 mg L^?1 min^?1 depending on the process and on the sample. In the treatments combined with O₃, H₂O₂ dose utilized is 0.04 mM and TiO₂ dose, 1 g L^?1. In order to evaluate the influence of natural organic matter and suspension solids over the disinfection rate, treatments are performed with two types of water – natural water from Ebro River (Zaragoza, Spain) and NaCl solution 0.9%. To achieve 4 log units of inactivation, 3.6 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 4.25 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 2.7 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ after processing the natural water. In NaCl solution, to get the same inactivation, 0.42 mg O₃ L^?1 is necessary in O₃ treatment, 1.15 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/TiO₂ system and 0.06 mg O₃ L^?1 in O₃/H₂O₂ process. Even though the three treatments studied have a high bactericidal activity due to the number of surviving bacteria decreases to non-detectable levels, O₃/H₂O₂ is the most effective system for eliminating C. perfringens cells in a lower contact time, followed by O₃ and finally O₃/TiO₂ system.