考虑谐波影响的开关磁阻电机无位置技术研究

针对用传统傅里叶级数相电感模型估计开关磁阻电机转子位置时直接忽略高次谐波,仅考虑到基波或者二次谐波,导致位置估计精度不高的问题,提出了一种考虑谐波影响的开关磁阻电机无位置控制方法.该方法通过对电感进行坐标变换以及差值电感辨识,消除了傅里叶级数电感的直流分量、偶次谐波分量以及三的倍数次谐波分量.选取谐波含量最少的差值电感...     

基于自适应观测器的无速度传感器感应电机控制

针对采用极点配置的自适应速度观测器存在不稳定区域的问题,建立了全阶自适应状态观测器并给出了观测器的速度辨识律.应用Lyapunov稳定性理论,观测器的增益借助于MATLAB LMI工具箱求解两个双线性矩阵不等式得到.在MATLAB 6.5/SIMULINK环境下,建立了无速度传感器感应电机直接转矩控制的仿真实验平台,给出了无速度传感器直接转矩控制的仿真结果.仿真结果表明本文给出的自适应观测器在全速范围内具有很好的稳态性能,并具有很好的鲁棒性.同时,在以TMS320F240为核心的感应电机直接转矩控制系统上进行了速度辨识实验,实验结果验证了方案的有效性.     

Adaptive control strategy with flux reference optimization for sensorless induction motors

Avoiding mechanical (speed, torque) sensors in electric motor control entails cost reduction and reliability improvement. Furthermore, sensorless controllers (also referred to output-feedback) are useful, even in the presence of mechanical sensors, to implement fault tolerant control strategies. In this paper, we deal with the problem of output-feedback control for induction motors. The solutions proposed so far have been developed based on the assumption that the machine magnetic circuit characteristic is linear. Ignoring magnetic saturation makes it not possible to meet optimal operation conditions in the presence of wide range speed and load torque variations. Presently, an output-feedback control strategy is developed on the basis of a motor model that accounts for magnetic saturation. The control strategy includes an optimal flux reference generator, designed in order to optimize energy consumption, and an output-feedback designed using the backstepping technique to meet tight speed regulation in the presence of wide range changes in speed reference and load torque. The controller sensorless feature is achieved using an adaptive observer providing the controller with online estimates of the mechanical variables. Adaptation is resorted to cope with the system parameter uncertainty. The controller performances are theoretically analyzed and illustrated by simulation.     

Robust passivity‐based control of switched‐reluctance motors

We propose a state‐feedback controller for switched‐reluctance motors as a preliminary step toward the solution of the sensorless control problem (without measurement of rotor variables). We establish global exponential stability. Furthermore, our controller renders the closed‐loop system robust to external disturbances, that is, input‐to‐state stable. Although there exist some works on sensorless control of switched‐reluctance motors, these consist mainly of ad hoc solutions without theoretical foundation. The few theoretically validated results in the literature are established under more stringent conditions such as knowledge of the load torque. Copyright © 2014 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

State observers are unnecessary for induction motor control

Induction motors constitute a theoretically interesting and practically important class of nonlinear systems, which are evolving into a benchmark example for nonlinear control. They are described by a fifth-order nonlinear differential equation with two inputs, and only three state variables available for measurement. A lot of research in the field has been devoted to the design of observers which, combined with a suitable control strategy, would yield stable behaviour. Our contribution in this paper is to show that the control objective can be achieved without reconstruction of the motor state. Specifically, we present a globally stable nonlinear dynamic output feedback controller for torque tracking of induction motors which does not rely on state reconstruction ideas. Another important feature of our sheme is that the control law is globally defined, even in startup. This stems from the fact that we do not aim at linearizing the system dynamics, but instead exploit the energy dissipation properties of the motor model. For the sake of illustration we present the result for a model described in the stator frame (ab model), but the theory applies as well to models expressed in a rotating frame (dq model). We also show how, as a particular case of torque tracking, we can solve the rotor speed tracking problem.     

Adaptive interconnected observer for sensorless induction motor

An adaptive interconnected observer for induction motor (IM) drive without mechanical sensors (speed sensor and load torque sensor) is presented. The observer estimates the fluxes, the angular velocity, the load torque and the stator resistance even under or near unobservable conditions. Practical stability based on Lyapunov theory is proved to guarantee the strongly uniformly practical stability of the estimation error dynamics. A contribution of this article is the experimental validation of the observer on reference trajectories of a sensorless IM observer benchmark. The trajectories of this benchmark are chosen to test the motor near and under conditions of unobservability. Robustness with respect to parameters variations is proved and experimentally verified.     

Feedback linearizing control of switched reluctance motors

Motivated by technological advances in power electronics and signal processing, and by the interest in using direct drives for robot manipulators, we investigate the control problem of high-performance drives for switched reluctance motors (SRM's). SRM's are quite simple, low cost, and reliable motors as compared to the widely used dc motors. However, the SRM presents a coupled nonlinear multivariable control structure which calls for complex nonlinear control design in order to achieve high dynamic performances. We first develop a detailed nonlinear model which matches experimental data and establish an electronic commutation strategy. Then, on the basis of recent nonlinear control techniques, we design a state feedback control algorithm which compensates for all the nonlinearities and decouples the effect of stator phase currents in the torque production. The position dependent logic of the electronic commutator assigns control authority to one phase, which controls the motion, while the remaining phase currents are forced to decay to zero. Simulations for a direct drive, single link manipulator with the SRM are reported, which show the control performance of the algorithm we propose in nominal conditions and test its robustness versus the most critical parameter uncertainties of payload mass and stator resistance.     

Adaptive sensorless robust control of AC drives based on sliding mode control theory

This paper focuses in the design of a new adaptive sensorless robust control to improve the trajectory tracking performance of induction motors. The proposed design employs the so‐called vector (or field oriented) control theory for the induction motor drives, being the designed control law based on an integral sliding‐mode algorithm that overcomes the system uncertainties. This sliding‐mode control law incorporates an adaptive switching gain in order to avoid the need of calculating an upper limit for the system uncertainties. The proposed design also includes a new method in order to estimate the rotor speed. In this method, the rotor speed estimation error is presented as a first‐order simple function based on the difference between the real stator currents and the estimated stator currents. The stability analysis of the proposed controller under parameter uncertainties and load disturbances is provided using the Lyapunov stability theory. The simulated results show, on the one hand that the proposed controller with the proposed rotor speed estimator provides high‐performance dynamic characteristics, and on the other hand that this scheme is robust with respect to plant parameter variations and external load disturbances. Finally, experimental results show the performance of the proposed control scheme. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于D-FNN的开关磁阻无位置传感器的研究

提出了一种基于扩展径向基函数(RBF)神经网络的动态模糊神经网络(D-FNN)的开关磁阻电机无位置传感器控制的新方法。动态模糊神经网络系统以在线采样的相绕组的电流和磁链为输入,以转子位置角度为输出,从而建立起电流和磁链、转子位置角度的非线性映射关系;训练完成后,用D-FNN输出结果取代位置传感器角度信号,实现电机无位置传感器运行。仿真和实验结果表明:由D-FNN获得的角度信号和由位置传感器获得的角度信号相比误差小,电机能够准确换相,且输出转矩波动小,转速曲线平滑,电机在无位置传感器下运行良好。     

Adaptive asymptotic stabilization of switched parametric strict‐feedback systems with switched control

This paper is concerned with the problem of adaptive stabilization for a class of switched linear‐parametric nonlinear systems under arbitrary switching. The traditional adaptive backstepping control is successfully extended to switched systems from nonswitched ones where the asymptotic regulation of system state is not destroyed due to rapid or abrupt changes of switching parameters. A new switched adaptive controller is designed by exploiting a common high‐order Lyapunov function with a σ‐modification mechanism, which can reflect sufficiently the changes of plant by designing different adaptive laws and control laws for different subsystems. An explicit formula for constructing a continuous and piecewise virtual control function is given to remove the restriction where some bound functions have to be constructed blindly by designers in the existing results, which may be somewhat too strict to be applied. A numerical example is provided to validate the proposed approach.     

On state observers for nonlinear systems

For linear systems, it is known that there exists a state observer if and only if the system is detectable, or in other words, asymptotically stabilizable by output injection. In this paper, it is shown that asymptotic stabilizability by output injections is neither necessary nor sufficient for the construction of a nonlinear observer which may not have an exponential error decay rate. The concept of uniform observers is introduced and necessary conditions and sufficient conditions are given for the construction of uniform observers.     

Adaptive state feedback control for switched stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems under arbitrary switchings

This paper studies the adaptive state feedback control for a class of switched time‐varying stochastic high‐order nonlinear systems under arbitrary switchings. Based on the common Lyapunov function and using the inductive method, virtual controllers are designed step by step and the form of the input signal of the system is constructed at the last. The unknown parameters are addressed by the tuning function method. In particular, both the designed state feedback controller and the adaptive law are independent of switching signals. Based on the designed controller, the boundness of the state variables can be guaranteed in probability. Furthermore, without considering the Wiener process or with the known parameter in the assumption, adaptive finite‐time stabilization and finite‐time stabilization in probability can be obtained, respectively. Finally, numerical simulation results are presented to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

无轴承异步电机悬浮系统的非线性滤波器自适应逆控制

讨论了基于非线性自适应滤波器的无轴承异步电机(bearlngless induction motor,BIM)悬浮系统自适应逆解耦控制问题.利用非线性自适应滤波器,建立系统模型和逆模型.复制逆模型,将其串联在悬浮系统之前作为逆控制器,并采用改进的最小均方(least mean square,LMS)算法在线调整权值,从而实现转子的悬浮控制.相比于传统的控制方法,此方法不必依靠转矩系统来传递磁链信息,从而避免了各自的控制策略之间的相互制约问题.仿真结果验证了该方法的有效性,完成了系统模型和逆模型的建立,并且能够实现两自由度径向悬浮力之间解耦.     

Nonlinear tracking control for sensorless permanent magnet synchronous motors with uncertainties

The recent advanced solution in Marino, Tomei, and Verrelli (2013) to the tracking control problem for sensorless IMs with parameter uncertainties is translated on the basis of letter swap connections between the models of (nonsalient-pole surface) permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) and induction ones (IMs). The (stability proof-based) nonlinear adaptive position/speed tracking control for sensorless PMSMs (with simultaneous estimation of uncertain constant load torque and stator resistance), which is accordingly obtained by exploring and decoding the design paths in Marino et al. (2013) and which surprisingly represents a simple generalization of the controller in Tomei and Verrelli (2011), constitutes an innovative solution to the related open problem. Illustrative experimental results are included.     

Reduced order observers for the sliding mode control of mechanical systems with elastic joints

In this article the control of mechanical systems with elastic joints is addressed. This kind of system is characterised by a high relative degree. The mechanical control input must be designed to be continuous. Different reduced order observers are introduced and conditions are found to guarantee the exponential convergence of the observation errors. The error stability is ensured provided a certain matrix inequality has a solution. The proposed second-order sliding mode point-to-point controller based on the observed state is proven to stabilise the mechanical system with elastic joints about the desired reference position.     

开关磁阻电机功率变换器容错控制方法

功率变换器是开关磁阻电机驱动系统易出现故障机构之一,为提高该驱动系统可靠性与容错性,本文以不对称半桥型功率变换器为研究对象,针对功率管短路与开路故障分别提出不同在线容错控制方法.通过对调故障相两功率管工作状态实现斩波功率管短路故障容错控制,基于细菌觅食算法(bacterial foraging algorithm)优化的PI速度控制器来降低转矩脉动以消除常闭功率管短路故障造成的恶性影响,并通过实时在线调整非故障相的导通角与关断角实现功率管开路故障容错控制.仿真与实验结果表明,所提方法能够根据故障诊断详情及时进行在线容错控制,且容错效果良好,无需增加任何硬件结构,操作简单易行,可避免故障运行造成的恶性影响.     

Adaptive control for a class of high‐order switched nonlinearly parameterized systems

The problem of adaptive stabilization is studied for a class of high‐order switched nonlinearly parameterized systems; none of subsystems is assumed to be adaptively stabilizable. By exploiting the multiple Lyapunov functions method and the adding a power integrator technique, a switched adaptive control technique is set up. Meanwhile, in order to reduce the conservativeness caused by adoption of a common update law for all subsystems, different update laws of individual subsystems are designed. Also, we simultaneously construct a switching law and adaptive state‐feedback controllers of subsystems to achieve global stability in the sense of Lyapunov of the closed‐loop system and global asymptotic regulation of the system states. Two examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design method. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Adaptive sliding mode control and observation

ABSTRACT

This editorial article gives a short introduction to Special Issue of International Journal of Control on Adaptive Sliding Mode Control and Observation.     

Global observability analysis of sensorless induction motors

The current problems to successfully apply sensorless controllers for induction motors are the existence of operation regimes for which the performance is remarkably deteriorated, due to the difficulties in estimating correctly motor speed and flux, and the lack of a theoretical explanation for this kind of behavior. In this paper a global observability analysis for these machines is carried out. It is first shown that all indistinguishable trajectories of the system, i.e. pairs of state trajectories with the same input/output behavior, can be described by a differential equation on a manifold, named here the indistinguishable dynamics. Studying the stability properties of this latter system it can be shown that the induction motor is not completely observable nor detectable in a local or in a global sense, and for every set of parameters. This implies that it is impossible to construct a state observer for the motor that converges for every trajectory of the system. Moreover, the indistinguishable dynamics provides a systematic method to study, understand and explain particular operation regimes, and this is illustrated by some case studies of practical relevant operating conditions.     

A nonlinear tracking control for sensorless induction motors

We propose a novel tracking control for induction motors in which only stator currents are used for feedback. Local exponential rotor speed and flux modulus tracking are achieved for any constant reference value and for restricted time-varying reference signals; any known motor parameters values (including constant load torque) and any initial condition, including rotor speed and fluxes, belonging to an explicitly computed domain of attraction are allowed.