聚酰胺6／乙烯-乙烯醇无规共聚物共混体系的相容性及性能研究

研究了不同比例乙烯-乙烯醇无规共聚物(EVOH)和聚酰胺6(PA6)共混物的相容性及性能。扫描电子显微镜下观察结果表明二者具有较好的相容性;红外光谱分析和流变实验证实了EVOH与PA6分子间氢键的存在,氢键的作用会随着EVOH含量的增加而增强;阻透性能的测试表明在PA基体中加入EVOH会极大提高基体的阻透性,在EVOH基体中加入少量的PA6对EVOH的阻透性影响很小。     

PP/EVOH/PA6共混物的性能研究

以聚丙烯接枝马来酸酐(PP-g-MAH)为相容剂,制备了聚丙烯(PP)/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH/)聚酰胺6(PA6)共混物,研究了PP/EVOH/PA6三元共混物的相容性、流变性能、阻隔性能、力学性能、热性能及形态结构。结果表明:相容剂与EVOH和PA6间发生了反应,提高了共混物的相容性;相容剂的加入提高了PP、EVOH、PA6的结晶温度,增强了PP与EVOH和PA6间的黏合力,降低了界面张力;EVOH占EVOH/PA6总量68%的三元共混物吸油率最小,当相容剂用量为5份时,PP/EVOH/PA6三元共混物吸油率比PP/EVOH二元共混物降低了8%。     

Mechanical, rheological, and thermal behavior assessments in HDPE/PA-6/EVOH ternary blends with variable morphology

Visco-elastic and dielectric spectra of multiwalled carbon-nanotube reinforced silicon elastomer nanocomposites were used to study relaxation behavior. SEM photomicrographs shows well dispersion of MWCNT in elastomer matrix. In visco-elastic analysis primary relaxation was studied as a function of temperature (?100 to 100 °C) at frequency 1Hz and strain 1 %. The effect of MWCNT loadings on storage modulus, loss modulus, and loss tangent has been studied. The non-linearity in loss tangent, storage modulus and loss modulus was explained on the basis of MWCNT-elastomer interaction and the inter-aggregate attraction of MWCNT. The secondary β relaxation was studied using dielectric relaxation spectra in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz to 10⁶ Hz. The effect of MWCNT loadings on the complex and real parts of impedance was distinctly visible which has been explained on the basis of interfacial polarization of fillers in a heterogeneous medium and relaxation dynamics of polymer chains in the vicinity of fillers. The dielectric formalism has been utilized to further investigate the conductivity and relaxation phenomenon. The ‘percolation limit’ of the MWCNT in the silicon elastomer was found to be in the range of 4 phr loading.     

环氧改性剂对PA6/EVOH共混物性能的影响

介绍了不同环氧改性剂对聚酰胺6(PA6)/乙烯?乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)共混物的拉伸性能、流变性能、结晶性能的影响,并研究了甲基丙烯酸缩水甘油酯(GMA)与共混物的反应机理.使用转矩测试、红外光谱、氢核磁共振、拉伸测试、旋转流变测试和差示扫描量热法对共混物进行了表征.结果表明,随着改性剂环氧值的增加,共混物的共混转矩、...     

PE-HD／PA6／EVOH阻透容器成型工艺与性能研究

将高密度聚乙烯（阻HD）、聚酰胺6（PA6）与乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物（EVOH）的复配体和相容剂初混合后，通过挤出机熔融共混、中空吹塑制得阻透容器。考察了树脂及共混物的流变性能，研究了相容剂用量、阻透树脂用量和成型工艺条件对容器阻透性能的影响。利用扫描电镜（SEM）观察了瓶壁的层状结构。实验结果表明，PA6／EVOH复配体增加了阻透树脂的熔体黏度，提高了层状共混工艺的稳定性。与PE-HD／PA6二元共混容器相比。PE-HD／PA6／EVOH三元共混容器所需相容剂更少。当阻透树脂用量为15～18份、相容剂用量为2～3份、加工温度在225～230℃之间、螺杆转速控制在30r／min左右、停留时间在3min时，PE-HD／PA6／EVOH共混容器的阻透性能得到明显提高。     

原位增容PA6/POE/EVOH共混物的流变性能研究

采用熔融共混法制备了聚酰胺6/乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(PA6/POE/EVOH)共混物,利用毛细管流变仪对共混物的流变行为进行了研究。结果表明:PA6/POE/EVOH共混物为假塑性流体,呈现出切力变稀的现象;EVOH的加入增大了PA6/POE/EVOH共混物的表观黏度和黏流活化能,说明共混物对温度的依赖性较强。     

交联型聚酰胺11／乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物高阻透材料的研究

采用原位交联技术制备聚酰胺11(PA11)/乙烯-乙烯醇共聚物(EVOH)高阻透材料,以过氧化二异丙苯(DCP)为交联剂,研究其用量对体系凝胶含量、力学性能、阻透性能及形态结构的影响。结果表明:随着 DCP 含量的增加,体系的冲击强度、拉伸强度、凝胶含量、阻透性能均呈现先升高后降低的趋势;红外光谱(FT-IR)表明,PA11末端羧基和 EVOH 的侧羟基反应生成了酯基;差示扫描(DSC)分析表明,体系的玻璃化转变温度随着 DCP 含量的增加先升高后降低;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)分析显示,DCP 含量对 EVOH 在 PA11中分散形态有很大的影响,DCP 的质量分数为1.5%时,EVOH 以相互交叠的不连续的片层状结构分散于 PA11树脂中,其力学性能和阻透性能得到大幅度的提高。     

Nanofiltration thin-film-composite polyesteramide membranes based on bulky diols

Polyesteramide thin-film-composite (TFC) membranes have promise for diafiltration applications due to their relatively good oxidative resistance coupled with the ability to tailor the membrane rejection profile by varying the ester/amide ratio. The incorporation ofester linkages in interfaciallyprepared polyesteramide TFC membranes has been previously shown to increase the oxidation resistance of the membrane. It was also found that polyesteramide TFC membranes incorporating hydroquinone (HQ) or bisphenol-A (Bis-A) had high rejection for monovalent salts, i.e., their rejection profiles matched those of reverse osmosis rather than nanofiltration membranes. We report the properties of polyesteramide TFC membranes incorporating bulky diols such as phenolphthalein (Phe) and terabromobisphenol-A (TBrBis-A). The data were used to correlate the influence of different ester fanctionalities on membrane flux and rejection characteristics. Membranes incorporating TBrBis-A had relativelyhigh rejections for monovalent salts coupled with low water permeance. By contrast, membranes incorporating Phe showed 10 times higher flux and a rejection profile which appears to be of interest for diafiltration applications involving the separation of organics with molecular weight >400 grnol⁻¹ from low-molecular-weight organics and salts. The Phe-based membranes show rejection characteristics for monovalent and multivalent salts typical of negatively charged membranes.     

Mechanical properties and morphology of PA6/EVA blends

The mechanical properties of blends of polyamide6 (PA6) and ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) at a blending composition of 0–50 wt % EVA were studied. The notched Izod impact strength of PA6 increased with the incorporation of EVA, the increase being more than 100% compared to PA6 at 10% EVA. The tensile strength and the tensile modulus of the blends decreased steadily as the weight percent of EVA increased. Analysis of the tensile data using predictive theories indicated the extent of the interaction of the dispersed phase and the matrix up to 20 wt % EVA. SEM studies of the cryogenically fractured surfaces indicated increase in the dispersed phase domain size with EVA concentrations. On the other hand, impact fractured surfaces of PA6/EVA blends indicated debonding of EVA particles, leaving hemispherical bumps, indicating inadequate interfacial adhesion between PA6 and EVA. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 85: 1593–1606, 2002     

Effects of the blending time on the properties and non-isothermal crystallization behavior of PA6/EVOH blends

Both polyamide 6 (PA6) and ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) have high fractional crystallinity. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics is highly important for the design of processing operations. Furthermore, PA6 and EVOH undergo a chemical reaction to form copolymer when melt blended for a sufficiently long time. Therefore, the effects of the blending time on the mechanical properties, rheological properties, and non-isothermal crystallization kinetics of PA6/EVOH blends were investigated. Non-isothermal crystallization kinetics were analyzed through the Jeziorny and Mo′s equations, and the Mo′s equation more appropriately described the crystallization behavior of the blends. Mechanical properties, melt viscosity, and storage modulus gradually enhanced with an increase in the blending time, and the elongation at break first increased and then decreased with an increase in the blending time because when the blending time increased, the degree of the reaction between PA6 and EVOH increased, causing adhesion at interfaces and intermolecular interaction to enhance and causing a decrease in molecular chain fluidity. The former leads to an increase in the mechanical properties of the blend, and the latter renders the regular arrangement of chains for crystallization highly difficulty; hence, crystallization fractions in the blend gradually decrease.     

A facile route for preparing stable co-continuous morphology of LLDPE/PA6 blends with low PA6 content

A facile method is employed to prepare a series of LLDPE/PA6 blends with co-continuous morphology with low PA6 content via reactive extrusion. In these blends, co-continuous morphology is obtained by introducing graft copolymers with both high and low molecular weight trunk chains to the interface simultaneously. Maleic anhydride functionalized polybutadine (PB-g-MAH, and MAH content = 10 wt%) is first melt grafted onto the LLDPE backbones with dicumyl peroxide (DCP) as an initiator. Part of PB-g-MAH is grafted onto LLDPE to form LLDPE-g-PB-g-MAH copolymer. During reactive extrusion, in-situ formed Copolymer II (polybutadiene-graft-polyamide, PB-g-PA6) with a low molecular weight trunk chain (PB) is obtained from the reaction between the maleic anhydride group of free or non-grafted PB-g-MAH and the amino group on PA6 molecules; while Copolymer I (LLDPE-g-PB-g-PA6) is obtained via the reaction between the maleic anhydride group of the grafted PB-g-MAH (i.e., LLDPE-g-PB-g-MAH) and the amino group of PA6. Copolymer I with a high molecular weight trunk chain, LLDPE, should strengthen the interface and favor stress transfer, enabling the deformation of PA6; and Copolymer II (PB-g-PA6) with a low molecular weight trunk chain, PB, facilitates the formation of a flat interface between LLDPE and PA6, thus promoting an elongated PA6 phase. Therefore, co-continuous morphology of LLDPE/PA6 blend is successfully prepared with only 25 wt% PA6 by controlling suitable amounts of Copolymers I and II in the blend.     

PA6/TLCPa的相容性、结晶性能及其形貌

采用挤出成型制备了聚酰胺(PA)6/热致聚酰胺液晶(TLCPa)原位复合材料,研究了共混物的相容性、结晶性能和形貌.结果表明:TLCPa和PA 6具有较好的相容性,并存在分子间氢键作用;TLCPa掺人到PA 6的结晶过程中降低了PA 6的结晶度;PA 6的球晶大小随w(TLCPa)的而增大,当w(TLCPa)为30.0...     

Nanofiltration membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) and ionic polymers

Nanofiltration membranes based on poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) and ionic polymers, such as sodium alginate (SA) and chitosan, were prepared by casting the respective polymer solutions. The membranes prepared from PVA or PVA–ionic polymer blend were crosslinked in a isopropanol solution using glutaraldehyde as a crosslinking agent. The membranes were characterized with Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X‐ray diffractometry and swelling test. The membranes crosslinked through the acetal linkage formation between the  OH groups of PVA and the ionomer and glutaraldehyde appeared to be semicrystalline. To study the permeation properties, the membranes were tested with various feed solutions [sodium sulfate, sodium chloride, poly(ethylene glycol) with 600 g/mol of molecular weight (PEG 600), and isopropyl alcohol]. For example, the permeance and the solute rejection of the 1000 ppm sodium sulfate at 600 psi of upstream pressure through the PVA membrane were 0.55 m³/m² day and over 99%, respectively. The effects of the ionomers on the permeation properties of the PVA membranes were studied using the PVA–SA and PVA–chitosan blend membranes. The addition of small amount of ionic polymers (5 wt %) made the PVA membranes more effective for the organic solute rejection without decrease in their fluxes. The rejection ratios of the PEG 600 and isopropanol were increased substantially. © 1999 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Appl Polym Sci 72: 1755–1762, 1999     

PA6/PA6-g-MAH/云母复合材料的增韧研究

分别以乙烯-乙酸乙烯共聚物(EVA)、乙烯-1-辛烯共聚物(POE)、苯乙烯-丁二烯-苯乙烯共聚物(SBS)为增韧剂,研究了它们对聚酰胺6(PA6)/聚酰胺6接枝马来酸酐(PA6-g-MAH)/云母复合材料力学性能的影响。结果表明:以EVA为增韧剂所得复合材料的力学性能优于以POE或SBS为增韧剂所得复合材料;复合材料的冲击强度随EVA用量的增大而上升,当EVA用量为10%时,其冲击强度达到19.01 kJ/m2,较未经增韧改性的复合材料提高了5.29 kJ/m2;但复合材料的拉伸强度和弯曲模量均随增韧剂用量的增大而降低。     

Conceptualizing Physical and Chemical Interactions in the Compatibilized HDPE/PA6 and HDPE/EVOH Pairs: Theoretical and Experimental Analyses

Physical/chemical interaction in blends of high-density polyethylene with polyamide 6 and polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol compatibilized with maleic anhydride-grafted high-density polyethylene was discussed. The performance of maleic anhydride-grafted high-density polyethylene was assessed by domain size variation and interfacial adhesion examination. Analysis of impact strength elucidated physical interaction improvement by compatibilization (entanglements and hydrogen bonding), while chemical reactions between ?OH and ?NH (from polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol and polyamide 6, respectively) and ?COOH functional groups resulting from ring-opening of maleic anhydride determined interfacial adhesion reinforcement, where interfacial adhesion parameter changed from 0.75 for noncompatibilized to 0.96 compatibilized high-density polyethylene/polyamide 6, but remained unchanged for high-density polyethylene/polyethylene-co-vinyl alcohol blends, from 0.98 to 1.02.     

氢键作用对PA612/EVOH等温结晶动力学的影响

利用DSC研究了PA612与EVOH间氢键对PA612/EVOH体系结晶动力学的影响.结果表明:随着PA612/EVOH体系中EVOH含量的增加,PA612的结晶速率减小,结晶活化能增大.通过计算得到PA612与EVOH的相互作用参数为负值,说明PA612分子与EVOH分子之间存在的氢键作用力促使PA612与EVOH在熔融共混过程中有相容行为.     

Laminar morphology development and oxygen permeability of LDPE/EVOH blends

Morphology and oxygen barrier properties of LDPE/EVOH blends have been studied. Laminar dispersion of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer (EVOH) with high oxygen barrier properties was obtained in the matrix of low density polyethylene (LDPE) when extruded through an annular blown film die. Various laminar morphologies were observed and the main factors determining the morphology of the blends were viscosity ratio of the components, processing conditions, and compatibilizer level. Oxygen permeation tests have shown that thinner and longer EVOH layers in larger numbers were more effective in reducing the oxygen permeability. The oxygen permeability of the compatibilized blend having 6 phr of LLD-g-MAH was reduced by a factor of 740. The correlation between morphology and oxygen permeability was explained as a function of the EVOH layer size (L × R) and the number of EVOH layers (N), which were closely related to the predeformed domain size (L_o × R_o). The high Weber number (resulted from large L_o × R_o and low interfacial tension) and low viscosity ratio yielded large L × R. However, small L_o × R_o produced high N. Experimental results of oxygen permeability were well correlated with (L × R) × N.     

Effect of organoclays on the morphology and thermal expansion of PA6/SEBS alloy

The effect of organoclay on phase morphology development of PA6/SEBS alloys had been investigated. PA6/SEBS blends of various compositions, with and without the presence of exfoliated organoclay in the PA6 phase, were prepared and the morphology and thermal expansion of these blends were examined. The results suggested that at compositions where PA6 remains as the matrix domain, the presence of the organoclay had little or no effect upon the blends morphology, PA6/SEBS alloy with SEBS as the matrix could evolve from sea‐island to cocontinuous structure after 5 phr organoclay were added. Significant reduction in the coefficient of linear thermal expansion (CLTE) along theflow direction and furthermore improving the heat distortion temperature of the injection‐molded PA6/SEBS/organoclay ternary nanocomposites was observed due to the formation of a total stable and fine cocontinuous nanolayer structure. POLYM. COMPOS., 2011. © 2011 Society of Plastics Engineers     

相容剂对PVC／PA6体系形态结构的影响

研究了SMA—g—MAH、SEBS—g—MAH和EVA—g—MAH3种相容剂对PVC／PA6共混物的增容效果。结果表明,未添加相容剂的PVC／PA6（100／20）共混物的相容性不好;添加SEBS—g—MAH和EVA—g—MAH两种相容剂后,PVC／PA6共混物的相容性得到一定程度的改善;添加SMA—g—MAH相容剂后,PA6很均匀地分散在PVC基体中。