Stability and Bifurcation of a Class of Discrete-Time Cohen–Grossberg Neural Networks with Discrete Delays

A class of discrete-time Cohen–Grossberg neural networks with discrete delays and ring-architecture are investigated in this paper. By analyzing the corresponding characteristic equations, the existence of Neimark–Sacker bifurcations at the origin are obtained. By applying the normal form theory and the center manifold theorem, the direction of the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and the stability of bifurcating periodic solutions are obtained. Sufficient conditions to guarantee the global stability of the null solution of such networks are established by using suitable Lyapunov function and the properties of M-matrix. Numerical simulations are given to illustrate the obtained results.     

Stability and Neimark–Sacker bifurcation in Runge–Kutta methods for a predator–prey system

We investigate the discretization of a predator–prey system with two delays under the general Runge–Kutta methods. It is shown that if the exact solution undergoes a Hopf bifurcation at τ=τ*, then the numerical solution undergoes a Neimark–Sacker bifurcation at τ(h)=τ*+O(h ^p ) for sufficiently small step size h, where p≥1 is the order of the Runge–Kutta method applied. The direction of Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and stability of bifurcating invariant curve are the same as that of delay differential equation.     

Complex Price Dynamics in a Financial Market with Imitation

In this work a simple financial model with fundamentalists and imitators is being considered. In order to describe the price dynamics of the heterogeneous stock market, a synergetic approach is used and some global bifurcations arising in the model are being studied. It is shown that the fundamental equilibrium point P* may be destabilized through a subcritical Neimark–Sacker bifurcation and that two invariant closed curves, one attracting and one repelling, appear when P* is still stable. This particular bifurcation scenario allows us to show some noticeable features of the market that emerge when the imitation effect is emphasized. Among these features are, for instance, the volatility clusters associated with the presence of multistability (i.e. coexistence of attractors) and the hysteresis phenomenon.     

Fold-flip bifurcation analysis on a class of discrete-time neural network

This paper reports fold-flip bifurcation on a class of discrete-time neural network. Sufficient conditions are given to demonstrate fold-flip bifurcation. By performing linear and nonlinear transformation, the normal form and versal unfolding are derived to obtain the bifurcation diagrams of the truncated normal form such as fold bifurcation, flip bifurcation, and the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation of the period-2 cycle. Some numerical simulations are given to support the analytic results.     

基于分岔理论的永磁同步电机有限时间混沌控制

永磁同步电机运行系统具有不稳定的分岔特性,随着系统参数的变化,系统会在平衡点处发生分岔行为.首先,基于分岔理论构建了永磁同步电机的混沌模型.其次,通过研究系统的分岔参数,分析了系统在平衡点处的分岔特性,发现系统在零平衡点处会产生静态分岔并出现新的平衡点,随着参数的继续变化,系统在新的平衡点处发生连续的Hopf分岔,而连...     

Bifurcation Analysis and Stability Criterion for the Nonlinear Fractional‐Order Three‐Dimensional Financial System with Delay

In this paper, we study the dynamic characteristics of fractional‐order nonlinear financial systems, including bifurcation and local asymptotic stability. Among them, we select the elasticity of demand of commercial (EDC) as the bifurcation point to discuss the state of the system. By calculating, the lowest order bifurcation point is obtained. Furthermore, the impulse control gains that follow a fractional‐order control law are applied to make the fractional‐order nonlinear financial system stable. In addition, some numerical simulation examples are provided to verify the effectiveness and the benefit of the proposed state form of the system near the bifurcation point and the states of the system when the impulse control is used or not.     

具有修正的Lelie-Gower项Holling-III类时滞捕食系统的Hopf分支

研究了一类具有修正的Leslie-Gower项与Holling-III类功能性反应函数的时滞捕食系统. 以时滞为分支参数, 讨论系统正平衡点的局部稳定性, 给出系统产生Hopf分支的时滞关键值. 进一步, 确定系统Hopf分支的方向与分支周期解稳定性, 并对系统全局分支周期解的存在性进行讨论. 最后, 利用仿真实例验证理论分析结果的正确性.     

Level-ground walking for a bipedal robot with a torso via hip series elastic actuators and its gait bifurcation control

Recent studies have shown that a bipedal robot with a torso supported by springs on the hip can have a stable passive gait on a slope, while such a robot walking on level ground is a new challenge and has rarely been studied. This research adds actuators in series with the springs to form series elastic actuators on the hip and applies a state machine as controller to achieve stable walking on level ground. During walking, hip series elastic actuators support the torso from the legs as well as complement the energy to the system via elastic potential energy. The state machine uses the landing impact of the swing leg and the actuation durations as events to make the robot switch between successive active and passive walking processes. Because this simple scheme makes full use of the dynamics of the robot, it can lead to an efficient and natural gait. By means of numerical simulation, in addition to the stable period-1 gait, we found a variety of gait bifurcation phenomena, including the period-doubling bifurcation, the Neimark–Sacker bifurcation, the Neimark–Sacker-2 bifurcation, the period-X bifurcation, and the Neimark–Sacker-X bifurcation, among which many types have never been reported in previous studies. We also show that the unstable period-1 gait embedded in the bifurcation gait can be stabilized by applying the Ott–Grebogi–Yorke method. Not only can the gait bifurcation be suppressed, but also higher gait performance can be achieved.     

Global stability and Neimark-Sacker bifurcation of a host-parasitoid model

We investigate qualitative behaviour of a density-dependent discrete-time host-parasitoid model. Particularly, we study boundedness of solutions, existence and uniqueness of positive steady-state, local and global asymptotic stability of the unique positive equilibrium point and rate of convergence of modified host-parasitoid model. Moreover, it is also proved that the system undergoes Neimark-Sacker bifurcation with the help of bifurcation theory. Finally, numerical simulations are provided to illustrate theoretical results. These results of numerical simulations demonstrate chaotic long-term behaviour over a broad range of parameters. The computation of the maximum Lyapunov exponents confirm the presence of chaotic behaviour in the model.     

Feedback stabilization of bifurcations in multivariable nonlinear systems—Part I: equilibrium bifurcations

Under certain non‐degeneracy conditions, necessary and sufficient conditions for stabilizability are obtained for multi‐input nonlinear systems possessing a simple equilibrium bifurcation with the critical mode being linearly uncontrollable. Stabilizability is defined as the existence of a sufficiently smooth state feedback such that the bifurcation of the closed‐loop system is a supercritical pitchfork bifurcation, which is equivalent to local asymptotic stability of the system at the bifurcation point. Stabilizability is reduced to the existence of solutions to a third order algebraic inequality, coupled with a quadratic algebraic equation, with the unknowns being the feedback gains. Explicit conditions for the existence of solutions to the algebraic equation and the inequality are derived. Part of the sufficient conditions are equivalent to the rank conditions of augmented matrices. Conditions under which there exists a stabilizing linear feedback law are also derived. The theoretical results are applied to active control of rotating stall in axial compressors using bleed valve as actuator. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Feedback stabilization of bifurcations in multivariable nonlinear systems—Part II: Hopf bifurcations

In this paper we derive necessary and sufficient conditions of stabilizability for multi‐input nonlinear systems possessing a Hopf bifurcation with the critical mode being linearly uncontrollable, under the non‐degeneracy assumption that stability can be determined by the third order term in the normal form of the dynamics on the centre manifold. Stabilizability is defined as the existence of a sufficiently smooth state feedback such that the Hopf bifurcation of the closed‐loop system is supercritical, which is equivalent to local asymptotic stability of the system at the bifurcation point. We prove that under the non‐degeneracy conditions, stabilizability is equivalent to the existence of solutions to a third order algebraic inequality of the feedback gains. Explicit conditions for the existence of solutions to the algebraic inequality are derived, and the stabilizing feedback laws are constructed. Part of the sufficient conditions are equivalent to the rank conditions of an augmented matrix which is a generalization of the Popov–Belevitch–Hautus (PBH) rank test of controllability for linear time invariant (LTI) systems. We also apply our theory to feedback control of rotating stall in axial compression systems using bleed valve as actuators. Copyright © 2006 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

具免疫时滞的HBV传染病模型的稳定性和Hopf分支

考虑了溶解性和非溶解性机制下的一类具有免疫时滞的HBV感染动力学模型。分析了无感染平衡点及感染无免疫平衡点的全局稳定性,讨论了感染免疫平衡点的局部稳定性和Hopf分支的存在条件。数值模拟结果表明：当易感细胞生成率的取值使得基本再生数满足平衡存在条件且低于某一临界值时,时滞对平衡点的稳定性没有影响;当大于该临界值时,随着时滞增大,平衡点不稳定,出现一系列Hopf分支,最终表现为周期波动模式。     

Impulsive Control and Synchronization for Delayed Neural Networks With Reaction–Diffusion Terms

This paper discuss the global exponential stability and synchronization of the delayed reaction–diffusion neural networks with Dirichlet boundary conditions under the impulsive control in terms of $p$-norm and point out the fact that there is no constant equilibrium point other than the origin for the reaction–diffusion neural networks with Dirichlet boundary conditions. Some new and useful conditions dependent on the diffusion coefficients are obtained to guarantee the global exponential stability and synchronization of the addressed neural networks under the impulsive controllers we assumed. Finally, some numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed control methods.      

Nonlinear generalization of scaled ℋ︁∞ control: global robustification against nonlinearly bounded uncertainties

This paper proposes a novel approach to the problem of ??₂ disturbance attenuation with global stability for nonlinear uncertain systems by placing great emphasis on seamless integration of linear and nonlinear controllers. This paper develops a new concept of state‐dependent scaling adapted to dynamic uncertainties and nonlinear‐gain bounded uncertainties that do not necessarily have finite linear‐gain, which is a key advance from previous scaling techniques. The proposed formulation of designing global nonlinear controllers is not only a natural extension of linear robust control, but also the approach renders the nonlinear controller identical with the linear control at the equilibrium. This paper particularly focuses on scaled ??^∞ control which is widely accepted as a powerful methodology in linear robust control, and extends it nonlinearly. If the nonlinear system belongs to a generalized class of triangular systems allowing for unmodelled dynamics, the effect of the disturbance can be attenuated to an arbitrarily small level with global asymptotic stability by partial‐state feedback control. A procedure of designing such controllers is described in the form of recursive selection of state‐dependent scaling factors. Copyright © 2004 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Some global bifurcations related to the appearance of closed invariant curves

In this paper, we consider a two-dimensional map (a duopoly game) in which the fixed point is destabilized via a subcritical Neimark–Hopf (N–H) bifurcation. Our aim is to investigate, via numerical examples, some global bifurcations associated with the appearance of repelling closed invariant curves involved in the Neimark–Hopf bifurcations. We shall see that the mechanism is not unique, and that it may be related to homoclinic connections of a saddle cycle, that is to a closed invariant curve formed by the merging of a branch of the stable set of the saddle with a branch of the unstable set of the same saddle. This will be shown by analyzing the bifurcations arising inside a periodicity tongue, i.e., a region of the parameter space in which an attracting cycle exists.     

New insight into delay‐dependent stability of time‐delay systems

This paper presents a new insight into the delay‐dependent stability for time‐delay systems. Because of the key observation that the positive definiteness of a chosen Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional does not necessarily require all the involved symmetric matrices in the Lyapunov–Krasovskii functional to be positive definite, an improved delay‐dependent asymptotic stability condition is presented in terms of a set of LMIs. This fact has been overlooked in the development of previous stability results. The importance of the present method is that a vast number of existing delay‐dependent results on analysis and synthesis of time‐delay systems derived by the Lyapunov–Krasovskii stability theorem can be improved by using this observation without introducing additional variables. The reduction of conservatism of the proposed result is both theoretically and numerically demonstrated. It is believed that the proposed method provides a new direction to improve delay‐dependent results on time‐delay systems. Copyright © 2013 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

基于防治策略的毒品滥用流行病学模型

针对现有毒品滥用流行病学研究未考虑预防措施的不足，通过引入预防机制，提出了基于防治策略的易感-感染-治疗-康复-易感（SITRS）毒品滥用流行病学模型。首先，通过分析毒品滥用相关人群的演化过程，利用常微分方程构建了一个自治的动力系统；其次，证明了系统无毒平衡点的存在性和局部渐进稳定性；然后，分析了地方病平衡点的唯一存在性，并得到了地方病平衡点的全局渐进稳定性的充分条件；最后，计算了出现后向分支现象的必要条件，并比较了综合防治策略和单一治疗策略下的基本再生数。数值模拟验证了存在后向分支的可能性及平衡点的稳定性。研究结果表明相对于单一治疗措施，采用综合防治策略，通过提高宣传覆盖率和教育有效率，能够进一步降低毒品滥用的基本再生数，更有效地防止毒品滥用的滋生。     

Stability properties of equilibria of classes of cooperativesystems

This note deals with the constant control problem for homogeneous cooperative and irreducible systems. These systems serve as models for positive systems. A necessary and sufficient condition for global asymptotic stability of the zero solution of this class of systems is known. Adding a constant control allows to shift the equilibrium point from zero to a point in the first orthant. We prove that for every nontrivial nonnegative control vector a unique nontrivial equilibrium point is achieved which is globally asymptotically stable if the zero solution of the uncontrolled system is globally asymptotically stable. In addition a converse result is provided. Finally a stability result for a particular class of Kolmogorov systems is established. We compare our main results to those in the literature     

基于防治策略的毒品滥用流行病学模型

针对现有毒品滥用流行病学研究未考虑预防措施的不足,通过引入预防机制,提出了基于防治策略的易感-感染-治疗-康复-易感（SITRS）毒品滥用流行病学模型。首先,通过分析毒品滥用相关人群的演化过程,利用常微分方程构建了一个自治的动力系统;其次,证明了系统无毒平衡点的存在性和局部渐进稳定性;然后,分析了地方病平衡点的唯一存在性,并得到了地方病平衡点的全局渐进稳定性的充分条件;最后,计算了出现后向分支现象的必要条件,并比较了综合防治策略和单一治疗策略下的基本再生数。数值模拟验证了存在后向分支的可能性及平衡点的稳定性。研究结果表明相对于单一治疗措施,采用综合防治策略,通过提高宣传覆盖率和教育有效率,能够进一步降低毒品滥用的基本再生数,更有效地防止毒品滥用的滋生。     

中立型反馈控制差分模型的分支分析及仿真

讨论了具有时滞的中立型反馈控制Logistic差分模型的稳定性及Flip分支;运用特征值理论和Jury判据得到正平衡态局部渐近稳定的充分条件;选取系统中的某一个参数为分支参数,利用分支理论和中心流形定理给出并分析了Flip分支的存在性条件、规范型、稳定性及方向;通过实例和计算机仿真验证了定理条件的可实现性与结论的正确性。