一种Z轴微机械陀螺的自解耦方法研究

在分析了微机械陀螺机械耦合误差产生原因的基础上,提出了一种解耦梁方案,可以从结构上消除振动式微机械陀螺敏感模态对驱动模态的耦合影响;基于该解耦梁方案设计了一种新型的Z轴微机械陀螺结构.分析表明,该陀螺结构消除了敏感模态对驱动模态的耦合影响,实现了解耦设计的目的.     

一种改进的振动式微机械陀螺驱动电路

采用闭环控制电路使振动式微机械陀螺驱动模态保持谐振是提高其灵敏度和稳定性的最为直接、有效的方法.基于锁相控制环路是目前振动式陀螺驱动广泛采用的控制方法之一.对包括陀螺在内的锁相环各个环节进行了建模.对各部分模型线性化处理后,推导了微机械陀螺锁相环控制电路的系统传递函数.传递函数的分析表明该系统是一个有差系统,即压控振荡器发生频率和陀螺谐振频率总是存在一定的频差.文中引入了校正环节来消除稳态误差.采用音叉电容式微机械陀螺进行了实验,转台实验显示刻度因子有所提高,表明该控制方案能够有效的提高陀螺的灵敏度及其稳定性.     

基于ADS—33E的直升机解耦控制律设计与仿真

对直升机各控制通道间耦合严重的特点,基于前馈补偿方法设计直升机解耦控制系统;分析、比较直升机各通道之间的耦合效应,确定解耦控制器结构;针对不同高度和速度下的飞机模型设计解耦控制律,利用径向基神经网络拟合控制参数,实现全包线范围内的解耦控制律,并仿真验证;依据飞行品质规范ADS—33E可以得出,采用上述控制方案,可以取得良好的解耦控制效果,表明了该方法的可行性和有效性。     

微机械振动陀螺模态耦合误差分析与激光修形方法研究

较大的模态耦合误差严重影响陀螺仪的零偏稳定性。研究了一种微机械振动陀螺仪的模态耦合误差形成机理,仿真分析了结构加工误差对模态耦合误差的影响规律。仿真结果表明:振动结构支撑梁上的加工误差是引起结构刚度不对称并产生模态耦合误差的主要因素,在与该加工误差对称的位置去除相应的材料可以减小甚至消除模态耦合误差。采用紫外激光微细加工技术,对微陀螺样机进行了结构平衡实验,激光修形后在没有输入角速度时,微陀螺样机模态耦合误差信号的峰峰值从2.88 V降低到0.24 V,取得了明显的修形效果。     

基于三轴稳定平台陀螺解耦方法

为了减小像移,机裁成像设备经常采用三轴陀螺稳定平台隔离或消除飞机姿态变化时成像的影响.但由于三轴稳定平台的结构,使得平台在运动过程中轴间不能始终保持相互正交,这就使陀螺输出产生耦合,会使成像系统产生耦合像移,影响成像质量.本文介绍耦合产生的原因,分析产生耦合的原理,根据对原理的分析结论给出一种解耦方法,描述了解耦方案的硬件和软件设计方案.经过实际的成像实验证明,该方法有效地消除了稳定平台陀螺间耦合作用,保证了机载成像系统的稳定精度,较好地消除了飞机姿态变化产生的像移,方法正确可行.     

微机械陀螺的误差抑制电路研究

分析了微机械陀螺的正交误差和同相误差的来源及特点,提出了利用静电力反馈控制来抑制误差的技术方案.该方案利用反馈静电力在检测模态上产生等效电刚度和电阻尼,从而影响陀螺仪驱动和检测模态之间的刚度和阻尼耦合系数,进而抑制误差.为实现误差抑制设计了带有反馈校正环节的闭环检测电路并完成了仿真,仿真结果表明校正环节能够使系统的幅值和相位裕度达到25 dB和36.5°.对微机械陀螺进行频谱分析和性能测试比较,结果表明闭环检测情况下,误差量较开环测试减小了50%,标度因子的非线性度从2.89%减小到1.47%、带宽增加了15 Hz、零偏稳定性提高了1.3倍.     

强制循环蒸发系统的非线性自适应解耦PID控制

本文结合现场的实际过程数据,首先应用能量平衡建立了强制循环蒸发过程的动态模型.针对该过程的多变量、非线性以及强耦合特性,在常规增量式PID控制器的基础上提出基于神经网络与多模型切换的非线性自适应解耦PID控制策略.该控制器是由线性自适应解耦PID控制器和基于神经网络的非线性自适应解耦PID控制器以及切换机构组成.其中线性自适应解耦PID控制器可以保证系统的稳定,而基于神经网络的非线性自适应解耦PID控制器则可以有效地提高系统的性能.上述过程的PID参数是通过广义预测的方法得到,最后通过仿真表明,上述控制方法不仅消除了回路间的耦合,在稳定生产的同时提高了蒸发的效率.     

二维直线电机平台的双神经网络前馈解耦控制

针对二维直线电机系统中的直线电机本身存在的非线性以及XY两轴之间互相影响产生的耦合对控制精度的影响,提出了一种基于前馈结构的双神经网络解耦控制方法.根据二维直线电机两轴间的耦合结构和前馈控制结构,对应搭建了双神经网络模型,设计一种双神经网络的解耦控制策略,以消除二维直线电机两轴间的非线性强耦合对系统控制精度的影响.仿真结果表明:提出的双神经网络前馈解耦控制方法的有效性,并在起始阶段的跟踪方面表现出良好的性能.     

一种双自由度双级解耦微机械陀螺的特性分析

为了降低微机械陀螺的机械耦合和改善工作稳定性,提出了一种新颖的双自由度双级解耦微机械陀螺.建立并求解了该陀螺的动力学方程,并从理论上分析了陀螺的系统特性.利用数值求解工具MATLAB模拟了陀螺的幅频特性,结果表明当品质因子从50变化到1 000时,平坦区带的幅度和相位变化很小.理论和模拟均证实了该陀螺在选择适当的工作区带时,能获得较高的工作稳定性.     

基于BP网络的飞行器解耦设计

根据BP神经网络在函数逼近方面的能力,将BP神经网络应用于飞行器系统解耦.在解耦过程中,通过神经网络离线训练标准数据,得到输入输出的函数关系,从而可以得到解耦中的各个参数.根据气动力矩矩阵的行半径系数的大小来验证耦合的强弱.仿真结果表明,BP网络对控制系统的解耦效果是明显的.     

Only connect: teaching, technology and telesis

Abstract This paper describes an approach to the design of interactive multimedia materials being developed in a European Community project. The developmental process is seen as a dialogue between technologists and teachers. This dialogue is often problematic because of the differences in training, experience and culture between them. Conditions needed for fruitful dialogue are described and the generic model for learning design used in the project is explained.     

European Community policy and the market

Abstract This paper starts with some reflections on the policy considerations and priorities which are shaping European Commission (EC) research programmes. Then it attempts to position the current projects which seek to capitalise on information and communications technologies for learning in relation to these priorities and the apparent realities of the marketplace. It concludes that while there are grounds to be optimistic about the contribution EC programmes can make to the efficiency and standard of education and training, they are still too technology driven.     

一种自适应子融合集成多分类器方法

融合集成方法已经广泛应用在模式识别领域,然而一些基分类器实时性能稳定性较差,导致多分类器融合性能差,针对上述问题本文提出了一种新的基于多分类器的子融合集成分类器系统。该方法考虑在度量层融合层次之上通过对各类基多分类器进行动态选择,票数最多的类别作为融合系统中对特征向量识别的类别,构成一种新的自适应子融合集成分类器方法。实验表明,该方法比传统的分类器以及分类融合方法识别准确率明显更高,具有更好的鲁棒性。     

Avoiding semantic and temporal gaps in developing software intensive systems

Development of software intensive systems (systems) in practice involves a series of self-contained phases for the lifecycle of a system. Semantic and temporal gaps, which occur among phases and among developer disciplines within and across phases, hinder the ongoing development of a system because of the interdependencies among phases and among disciplines. Such gaps are magnified among systems that are developed at different times by different development teams, which may limit reuse of artifacts of systems development and interoperability among the systems. This article discusses such gaps and a systems development process for avoiding them.     

Designing economic np control charts: A programmed simulation approach

This paper presents control charts models and the necessary simulation software for the location of economic values of the control parameters. The simulation program is written in FORTRAN, requires only 10K of main storage, and can run on most mini and micro computers. Two models are presented - one describes the process when it is operating at full capacity and the other when the process is operating under capacity. The models allow the product quality to deteriorate to a further level before an existing out-of-control state is detected, and they can also be used in situations where no prior knowledge exists of the out-of-control causes and the resulting proportion defectives.     

The development of robot art

Going through a few examples of robot artists who are recognized worldwide, we try to analyze the deepest meaning of what is called “robot art” and the related art field definition. We also try to highlight its well-marked borders, such as kinetic sculptures, kinetic art, cyber art, and cyberpunk. A brief excursion into the importance of the context, the message, and its semiotics is also provided, case by case, together with a few hints on the history of this discipline in the light of an artistic perspective. Therefore, the aim of this article is to try to summarize the main characteristics that might classify robot art as a unique and innovative discipline, and to track down some of the principles by which a robotic artifact can or cannot be considered an art piece in terms of social, cultural, and strictly artistic interest. This work was presented in part at the 13th International Symposium on Artificial Life and Robotics, Oita, Japan, January 31–February 2, 2008     

Explanation and prediction: an architecture for default and abductive reasoning

Although there are many arguments that logic is an appropriate tool for artificial intelligence, there has been a perceived problem with the monotonicity of classical logic. This paper elaborates on the idea that reasoning should be viewed as theory formation where logic tells us the consequences of our assumptions. The two activities of predicting what is expected to be true and explaining observations are considered in a simple theory formation framework. Properties of each activity are discussed, along with a number of proposals as to what should be predicted or accepted as reasonable explanations. An architecture is proposed to combine explanation and prediction into one coherent framework. Algorithms used to implement the system as well as examples from a running implementation are given.     

Three Process Perspectives: Organizations, Teams, and People

This paper provides the author's personal views and perspectives on software process improvement. Starting with his first work on technology assessment in IBM over 20 years ago, Watts Humphrey describes the process improvement work he has been directly involved in. This includes the development of the early process assessment methods, the original design of the CMM, and the introduction of the Personal Software Process (PSP)^SM and Team Software Process (TSP){^SM}. In addition to describing the original motivation for this work, the author also reviews many of the problems he and his associates encountered and why they solved them the way they did. He also comments on the outstanding issues and likely directions for future work. Finally, this work has built on the experiences and contributions of many people. Mr. Humphrey only describes work that he was personally involved in and he names many of the key contributors. However, so many people have been involved in this work that a full list of the important participants would be impractical.     

基于复小波噪声方差显著修正的SAR图像去噪

提出了一种基于复小波域统计建模与噪声方差估计显著性修正相结合的合成孔径雷达(Synthetic Aperture Radar,SAR)图像斑点噪声滤波方法。该方法首先通过对数变换将乘性噪声模型转化为加性噪声模型,然后对变换后的图像进行双树复小波变换(Dualtree Complex Wavelet Transform,DCWT),并对复数小波系数的统计分布进行建模。在此先验分布的基础上,通过运用贝叶斯估计方法从含噪系数中恢复原始系数,达到滤除噪声的目的。实验结果表明该方法在去除噪声的同时保留了图像的细节信息,取得了很好的降噪效果。     

基于QTE的蒙古文显示机制研究与实现

蒙古语言是中国蒙古族使用的通用语言,由于蒙古文区别于其他文字的书写方式和其自身变形机制等特点,在很多通用的文字处理引擎中都不被支持。在嵌入式产品开发与应用领域中Linux加QTE已经成为流行方式。该文给出了一种在QTE环境上实现基于标准Unicode的蒙古文点阵显示和变形算法, 并自定义了支持蒙古文的QTE组件,扩展了QTE功能,为在Linux加QTE方式的嵌入式体系结构中处理蒙古文提供了一种解决方法。