抑制剂对WC-Co硬质合金涂层性能的影响

利用原位还原碳化反应合成的超细WC-12Co复合粉末作为原料, 分别添加1.0wt%晶粒长大抑制剂即VC、Cr₃C₂和NbC, 经团聚造粒和超音速火焰(HVOF)喷涂制备了超细结构的硬质合金涂层。研究了不同晶粒长大抑制剂对涂层的显微组织结构、物相、硬度、耐磨性能和耐蚀性能的影响。结果表明, 与未添加晶粒长大抑制剂涂层相比, 添加1.0wt% VC或Cr₃C₂制备的硬质合金涂层中WC颗粒的平均尺寸降低了约49%, 涂层硬度明显提高, 磨损速率降低了约52%~55%。添加1.0wt% NbC对制备涂层中WC颗粒尺寸的抑制作用不明显, Co粘结相中由于形成了(W, Nb)C化合物, 其耐蚀性获得显著提高, 但该化合物脆性大, 导致涂层耐磨性不及添加VC和Cr₃C₂制备的涂层。     

晶粒长大抑制剂对硬质合金性能的影响

系统研究了不同粒度和不同配比量的晶粒长大抑制剂Cr3C2和VC单独添加或复合添加时,对WC-10%Co超细硬质合金力学性能和显微组织的影响。研究结果表明,WC-10%Co超细硬质合金的硬度随着晶粒长大抑制剂加入量的增加而升高,而随着晶粒长大抑制剂粒度的细化,硬度的最大值则存在对应的抑制剂粒度点;复合添加抑制剂m(VC)∶m(Cr3C2)=3∶2左右时,所得成分为WC-10Co-0.6VC-0.4Cr3C2,合金的综合性能较好,抗弯强度可达2954MPa,硬度HRA为91.9。     

碳化物抑制剂对WC-2.5TiC-10Co超细晶硬质合金微观组织及力学性能的影响

采用高能球磨和真空热压烧结相结合的方法制备了WC-2.5TiC-10Co超细晶硬质合金,并利用X射线衍射仪(XRD)、场发射扫描电镜(FESEM)等性能测试手段研究了Cr_3C_2、VC、TaC和NbC的添加对超细晶硬质合金微观组织和力学性能的影响。结果表明:经过球料比10∶1及转速为350r/min行星式高能球磨处理30h后,WC粉末的粒径由0.6mm减小到0.2mm以下;经过1410℃真空热压烧结1h后,XRD检测未发现新的反应物生成。添加0.45%Cr_3C_2、0.3%VC、0.5%TaC或NbC的硬质合金中有少量异常长大的WC晶粒,断口表面疏松且平坦,分析表明较大的WC晶粒在应力集中的作用下发生解理破坏,并成为材料断裂的裂纹源。当抑制剂Cr_3C_2和VC的含量再增加0.1%后,WC晶粒可以控制在0.5mm以下,断口表面致密成台阶状,抗弯强度可提高20%;TaC和NbC对抑制WC晶粒生长的作用并不显著,但添加NbC对提高硬质合金致密度的效果最显著。     

Cr含量对WC-Co硬质合金显微组织和力学性能的影响

采用低压烧结技术制备了不同Cr含量的WC-8Co硬质合金,通过XRD、SEM和力学性能测试等手段分析了Cr含量对硬质合金物相、显微结构和合金的力学性能的影响。结果表明,当Cr含量<0.9%时,合金由WC+γ-(WC)相组成,添加量增至0.9%及以上时,组织中出现缺碳相Co3W3C;随着Cr含量的增加,WC晶粒不断细化,当添加量为0.6%时,合金的综合力学性能最佳,其抗弯强度、维氏硬度及断裂韧性分别为3885MPa、1632.4HV30、9.82MPa.m1/2。     

纳米碳化钒对超细WC基硬质合金的影响

研究了在放电等离子烧结(SPS)条件下,纳米碳化钒(V8C7)对超细WC基硬质合金的相组成、微观组织及性能的影响。结果表明:超细WC基硬质合金主要由WC和Co3C两相组成,相对于未烧结的硬质合金材料,WC的衍射峰向小角度方向偏移;纳米碳化钒可以有效抑制超细WC基硬质合金中WC晶粒的长大,并且随着纳米碳化钒比表面积的增大而增强,添加比表面积为63.36m2/g的纳米V8C7后,硬质合金中大部分WC的晶粒尺寸0.5μm;纳米碳化钒对超细WC基硬质合金的性能具有重要影响,并且随着纳米碳化钒比表面积的增大而增加,添加比表面积为63.36m2/g的纳米V8C7后,超细WC基硬质合金具有较高的性能(相对密度99.7%,洛氏硬度93.4,断裂韧性12.7MPa.m1/2)。     

超细WC和细WC/Co添加对WC-10Co硬质合金微观结构与力学性能的影响

在粒径为0.5μm的超细碳化钨(WC)粉体表面包覆钴(Co)纳米颗粒获得细WC/Co,将细WC/Co、粗WC和Co粉通过球磨混合均匀，压制成型后在1420℃下真空烧结1 h,得到WC-10Co硬质合金。借助扫描电子显微镜、透射电子显微镜、万能试验机等对比研究细WC/Co和超细WC对WC-10Co硬质合金微观形貌和力学性能的影响。结果表明：相比于超细WC,细WC/Co促进合金的致密化，并形成双晶结构。添加细WC/Co和超细WC制备的硬质合金的平均晶粒度分别为2.18μm和3.57μm。细WC/Co的添加会降低晶粒生长速度并抑制细晶完全溶解，而粗晶通过缺陷辅助生长及溶解-析出生长机制生长为表面阶梯状的缺角三棱柱形；硬质合金的硬度和断裂韧度得到提升，二者分别为1131HV₃₀和22.1 MPa·m^1/2,而在1131HV₃₀同等硬度下，其断裂韧度比线性拟合的断裂韧度高27.7%。机理分析认为，超细WC的添加会导致异常晶粒产生，不利于性能；而细WC/Co的添加能够同时形成双晶结构和均匀的钴相分布结构，降低晶粒缺陷，提升综合力学性...     

烧结破碎法制备超细晶粒WC-17%Co热喷涂粉末

利用烧结破碎法,以超细晶粒WC粉、Co粉为原料制备了WC-17%Co热喷涂粉末。用X-射线衍射和扫描电子显微镜对粉末的形貌和结构进行了研究,讨论了烧结温度、有机粘结剂、碳粉对粉末特性的影响。实验结果表明:将有机粘结剂添加到粉末中后,可有效地阻止超细WC/Co粉烧结时η相(Co3W3C、Co6W6C)的出现;除极少量碳溶于粘结相Co中外,碳主要以游离态形式存在,可抑止粉末热喷涂时WC的分解;制备超细WC-17%Co热喷涂粉末适宜的烧结温度是在1250℃左右。     

用于石油钻井磨料射流喷嘴的研制

为进一步提高石油钻井磨料射流喷嘴寿命,以自制含有晶粒长大抑制剂的WC-6Co纳米复合粉为原料,采用模压及真空烧结试制了一种磨料射流喷嘴,用扫描电镜观察其组织形貌,并进行硬度和密度的测量.结果表明:试制的WC-6Co硬质合金喷嘴组织均匀,断口平整光滑,WC晶粒细小,平均晶粒尺寸约1.5μm;其硬度为HRA90.7,密度为14.79 g/cm3,接近国外同类产品,有广泛应用推广价值.     

WC-9Ni-0．57Cr硬质合金在模拟海水中的腐蚀特性

以WC-9Ni-0．57Cr硬质合金为研究对象。采用失重法、电化学测试、力学性能测试和显微形貌分析等方法,研究合金在3．5％NaCl模拟海水溶液中的腐蚀行为,并与传统的WC-6Co硬质合金进行了比较。结果表明：在3．5％NaCl溶液中室温腐蚀8周的WC-9Ni-0．57Cr合金与WC6Co合金的腐蚀速率分别为0．0033mm／a和0．0072mm／a,以Ni—Cr为粘结相制备的硬质合金耐腐蚀性能明显优于传统的WC—Co硬质合金,具有较强的抗腐蚀能力;硬质合金微观腐蚀形态表现为粘结相的腐蚀,使力学性能降低,室温腐蚀4周后WC-9Ni-0．57Cr合金与WC-6Co合金的横向断裂强度损失率分别为8．43％和31．14％。     

氧化钨直接碳化SPS原位合成WC-Co块体材料

采用放电等离子烧结技术将WO3、Co和炭黑的混合粉原位合成为致密WC-Co块体,研究了合成工艺、配碳量和晶粒长大抑制剂VC、Cr3C2对块体的物相、致密度和显微组织的影响,测定了块体的硬度和断裂韧性.结果表明:配碳量低时,块体中有缺碳杂相Co3W9C4或Co3W3C,密度较高;增加配碳量,块体的物相为纯.WC和Co;配碳量过大,块体中出现游离碳,密度降低;添加抑制剂使晶粒尺寸保持在0.5 μm以下.     

Effects of lower cobalt binder concentrations in sintering of tungsten carbide

Cemented tungsten carbides have received much attention because of their superior characteristics. Traditional cemented tungsten carbides usually contain 3–30 wt% binder phase. In this paper, WC with low Co concentration less than 3 wt% is studied using traditional powder metallurgy. The binder phase has tremendous effect on sinterability of WC. High sinterability and high hardness can be achieved for the WC (0.7 μm) with 0.5 wt% Co. Abnormal grain growth (AGG) is often observed in sintering WC with small amount of Co. It seems that AGG is affected by the concentration of Co and a range of Co concentrations may exist for the large amount of AGG. To control the grain size, VC is added to inhibit the grain growth of WC. It is observed that the hardness is affected by the amount of addition of VC. Controlling the ratio of C/W less than unity at low Co concentrations will result in the production of W₂C phase. The hardness of WC–Co is affected by the amount of W₂C phase in the sample and W₂C is stable during the normal cooling process.     

晶粒长大抑制剂VC对原位生成WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷的影响

为细化WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷晶粒,改善其组织,提高其力学性能,以WC、TiB_2和Co粉末为主要原材料,采用真空液相原位反应烧结工艺,在1 400℃真空烧结炉中制备了WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷.利用FE-SEM、EDS和XRD等技术,研究了不同含量的晶粒长大抑制剂VC对WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷组织、物相构成、硬度、密度、耐磨性及抗弯强度和断口形貌等性能的影响.结果表明:添加适量的VC能有效细化WCoB-TiC-Co复相金属陶瓷晶粒,使得材料获得更均匀细小的微观组织,增加材料韧性和断口不平整性,增强材料抗弯强度,并且提高硬度、密度和耐磨性;当VC的质量分数增加到0.9%时,金属陶瓷的晶粒平均尺寸可细化到约1.3μm,硬度随之升高到91.5 HRA,抗弯强度达到794 MPa;但VC的质量分数继续增加到1.2%、1.5%时,其硬度、密度、耐磨性及抗弯强度均会有所降低.     

The Effect of Variable Binder Content and Sintering Temperature on the Mechanical Properties of WC–Co–VC/Cr3C2 Nanocomposites

WC powders with an average crystallite size of 10 nm were successfully prepared by ball milling of micron-sized tungsten carbide powders. Grain growth inhibitors (VC and Cr₃C₂) with concentrations of 0.6 wt% each were added to nanocomposites of WC–9Co and WC–12Co, in both as-received and milled WC. Powder mixtures were then consolidated using spark plasma sintering technique at 1200 and 1300 °C for 10 min under high vacuum and pressure of 50 MPa. The influence of WC crystallite size, Co content, and sintering temperature over microstructure and mechanical properties of the resulting composites were studied through XRD and FESEM. Densification and attained grain sizes of the sintered products were measured by Archimedes principle and Scherrer procedure, respectively. Moreover, microhardness (H_v30) and fracture toughness were measured and compared for each composition to comparatively assess the individual effect. It was observed that the addition of VC and Cr₃C₂ resulted in decreased densification of the synthesized composites. These grain growth inhibitors were found to limit grain sizes to 131 nm with an average hardness of 1592 H_v30 and fracture toughness of 9.23 Mpam^1/2.     

Cu部分代Co超细硬质合金研究

基于Cu与Co相同的晶型结构和相似的原子结构,采用共沉淀方法,制备Cu部分代Co的WC—10Co硬质合金,研究Cu对材料的组织和力学性能的影响。实验结果表明,通过Cu—Co共沉淀方式将cu加入粘接相中,形成Co（Cu）固溶体,在液相烧结过程中Cu均匀地分布在Co中,可以降低WC在粘接相中的溶解度,有效阻碍WC颗粒的溶解...     

Characterizations of WC–10Co nanocomposite powders and subsequently sinterhip sintered cemented carbide

Ultrafine WC–Co cemented carbides, combining high hardness and high toughness, are expected to find broad applications. In this study, WC–10Co–0.4VC–0.4Cr₃C₂ (wt.%) nanocomposite powders, whose average grain size was about 30 nm, were fabricated by spray pyrolysis-continuous reduction and carbonization technology. The as-prepared nanocomposite powders were characterized and analyzed by chemical methods, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), BET analysis and atomic force microscopy (AFM). Furthermore, “sinterhip” was used in the sintering process, by which ultrafine WC–10Co cemented carbides with an average grain size of 240 nm were prepared. The material exhibited high Rockwell A hardness of HRA 92.8, Vickers hardness HV₁ 1918, and transverse rapture strength (TRS) of 3780 MPa. The homogeneously dispersed grain growth inhibitors such as VC, Cr₃C₂ in nanocomposite powder and the special nonmetal–metal nanocomposite structure of WC–10Co nanocomposite powder played very important roles in obtaining ultrafine WC–10Co cemented carbide with the desired properties and microstructure. There was an abundance of triple junctions in the ultrafine WC–10Co cemented carbide; these triple junctions endowed the sintered specimen with high mechanical properties.     

等离子喷涂法纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的微结构与形成机理的研究

使用独特的雾化干燥结合固定床技术合成WC-12Co纳米复合粉体,利用等离子喷涂法制备纳米结构WC-12Co涂层,通过X射线衍射、扫描电镜、透射电镜等分析手段对等离子喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层进行显微结构分析.结果表明涂层中除了WC相,不仅有W2C,W等非WC/Co相的产生,还出现了CoxWyCz(Co3W9C4,Co3W3C),Co3C等相及非晶和孪晶组织,在此基础上本工作将对等离子喷涂纳米结构WC-12Co涂层的形成机理作初步的研究与讨论.     

WC-(Fe,Ni,C) hardmetals with improved toughness through isothermal heat treatments

The influence of carbon additions on densification during liquid phase sintering of WC-(Fe,Ni,C) hardmetals, and of subsequent heat treatments on some mechanical properties, like hardness and fracture toughness, have been investigated. The relation between total carbon content in the mixtures and final density of the specimens has been determined, together with its effect on the structure of the resulting metallic binder phase. In addition, the relationship between hardness and toughness and WC grain size in these hardmetals has shown to be similar to that in the traditional WC-Co system. Nevertheless, the effect of isothermal heat treatments which bring about a modification of the microstructure of the metallic binder has proved to be beneficial for increasing toughness without an appreciable influence on hardness.     

Sintering,thermal stability and mechanical properties of ZrO2-WC composites obtained by pulsed electric current sintering

ZrO₂-WC composites exhibit comparable mechanical properties as traditional WC-Co materials, which provides an opportunity to partially replace WC-Co for some applications. In this study, 2 mol.% Y₂O₃ stabilized ZrO₂ composites with 40 vol.% WC were consolidated in the 1150°C–1850°C range under a pressure of 60 MPa by pulsed electric current sintering (PECS). The densification behavior, microstructure and phase constitution of the composites were investigated to clarify the role of the sintering temperature on the grain growth, mechanical properties and thermal stability of ZrO₂ and WC components. Analysis results indicated that the composites sintered at 1350°C and 1450°C exhibited the highest tetragonal ZrO₂ phase transformability, maximum toughness, and hardness and an optimal flexural strength. Chemical reaction of ZrO₂ and C, originating from the graphite die, was detected in the composite PECS for 20 min at 1850°C in vacuum.