基于电磁辅助成形的汽车覆盖件成形工艺研究

目的 为解决铝合金材料在冷冲压成形工艺中回弹量大、贴模度低、流动性差等问题,对汽车覆盖件的成形工艺进行研究.方法 基于电磁场理论,结合电磁成形工艺,制定了首先采用冲压进行预成形然后通过电磁场辅助成形进行终成形的工艺方法,通过正交试验与有限元单向耦合分析相结合的方法获得了成形覆盖件的最佳工艺参数.结果 基于正交试验获得了...     

汽车覆盖件冲压变形趋向性控制

汽车覆盖件冲压成形过程中的变形是非常复杂的,在进行工艺设计和模具设计时不能用计算的方法得到变形的定量分布,为此,通过对覆盖件特点的分析,提出了对汽车覆盖件冲压成形进行变形趋势分析的方法,以及控制汽车覆盖件冲压变形趋势的措施,并进行了实例分析.     

基于结构-工艺协同优化的车门外板冲压成形

目的实现铝合金车门外板结构与冲压成形工艺参数的协同优化,解决零件冲压成形时破裂与过度减薄等问题。方法从材料流动与应力分布等角度入手,对车门的尺寸和形状参数进行优化,同时利用有限元分析软件AutoForm来获取一组最优的冲压工艺参数组合,最终通过产品的工厂试制进行验证。结果铝合金车门外板的冲压成形性大幅度提升,解决了车门外板冲压成形破裂等问题。结论研究结果对大型车身覆盖件的结构设计与冲压工艺有重要的指导意义。     

板料成形拉延筋技术研究现状

拉延筋在汽车覆盖件拉深成形中起着十分重要的作用.利用拉延筋可以调节和控制板料的变形程度和变形分布,抑制破裂、起皱、面畸变等多种冲压质量问题的产生.在很多情况下,拉延筋的设置合理与否将决定覆盖件拉深的成败.较系统地总结了板料成形拉延筋技术以及拉延筋作用原理、阻力模型、影响因素等的研究现状.     

某发动机仓边梁盖板成形工艺分析及回弹控制

目的探讨高强钢板的浅成形件的回弹问题,开发高强钢发动机仓边梁盖板浅拉深工艺。方法针对发动机仓边梁盖板进行了零件特征和冲压工艺分析,采用了双件对称布置的拉深设计,设计了具有中间容料形式的工艺补充面,并且采用了拉深槛来增加成形阻力。最后用Dynaform软件模拟了制件拉延成形过程,分别分析了在成形卸载后和切边后两种状态的回弹情况,以及工艺参数-压边力和拉延筋对制件回弹的影响。通过对典型截面回弹量大小的研究,总结了制件回弹的规律,并对回弹进行了有效控制。结果根据模拟结果选取了最优参数,设计了冲压方案,冲压出了合格的产品。结论覆盖件内部补充面可以采用凸形面来增大面积,消化多余面积,以提高该区域的变形程度,提高零件精度。使用拉深槛可以比拉深筋更有效地提高浅成形覆盖件的塑性变形程度,减小回弹。     

轿车车门内板冲压成形计算机仿真

介绍了采用基于动态显式算法的有限元分析软件包eta/DYNAFORM对典型的汽车覆盖件轿车车门内板冲压成形进行计算机仿真的全过程.论述了覆盖件冲压零件计算机仿真必须注意到的问题,并探讨了其中的关键技术.     

汽车防撞梁外板冲压工艺设计

目的研究汽车防撞梁外板的冲压成形工艺,解决汽车覆盖件拉延成形过程中,在工艺补充面设计、压边力和拉延筋的布置时存在不确定性的问题。方法以汽车覆盖件防撞梁外板为例,基于曲面造型和有限元模拟软件,对其冲压成形过程进行了设计、模拟和优化。结果在优化工艺参数和合理改善零件结构后,获得了较理想的成形效果,为实际工艺设计和试模生产提供参考依据。结论提出一种优化新思路:利用冲压工艺多工序相结合的特点,合理调整零件内部结构,可以有效降低拉延成形工序的制造难度,从而提高制件质量。     

SUS304不锈钢封装板微冲压工艺研究

为实现不锈钢封装板件的高效率低成本批量化制造,开展了不锈钢薄板微冲压工艺研究.设计了集自动送料、辅助定位、落料、微冲孔以及微拉深于一体的高效、复杂、高精度封装板级进模具装置,分析成形条件对成形质量的影响规律,确定最佳工艺参数.同时,进行了不锈钢封装板抗冲击性能测试.结果表明:采用该复杂一体化级进式微冲压成形模具装置,制造出质量良好的不锈钢封装板件,成形效率可达1 120件/h;在超过47 800 g的超负荷条件下,封装板表面平整,未出现明显变形,能够满足机械性能要求.采用这种高效率微冲压成形技术,能够解决微型构件的尺寸精度,提高微型构件的力学性能,有效降低生产成本,实现了封装板件的高效率低成本批量化制造.     

汽车覆盖件冲压工艺CAPP系统特征建模技术

特征技术应用于汽车覆盖件冲压工艺CAPP系统被认为是提高汽车覆盖件制造水平,并逐步实现CIMS的关键.为此,本文对汽车覆盖件进行了特征分类,建立了面向CAPP系统的覆盖件特征表达模式.以UGII软件为开发平台,提出自动识别孔类特征算法,采用交互式特征识别方式识别其他特征,建立了覆盖件特征模型,解决基于特征的覆盖件冲压工艺CAPP系统信息输入问题.     

汽车前围板冲压数值模拟及工艺参数优化

针对汽车覆盖件冲压过程变形复杂的特点,对某型号汽车前围板零件拉深过程进行数值模拟,分析压边力及拉延筋的变化对该零件成形效果的影响.通过成形极限图优化压边力及拉延筋,最终获取该零件拉深工序合适的工艺参数,为汽车覆盖件冲压工艺提供快速、有效的设计方法.     

On the formability of sheet steels

Formability of sheet steel in stamping operation primarily depends on strain hardening exponent (n), average plastic strain ratio ( ) and the maximum strain the material can undergo before the onset of localized necking. The formability parameters (n and ) and the forming limit diagrams have been evaluated for a variety of sheet steel products, extensively used for press forming of components of diverse shapes e.g. extra deep drawing quality auto-body sheets, high strength cold rolled sheets, LPG steel for gas cylinders, austenitic and ferritic stainless steels, etc. The effect of sulphide shape control on formability of hot rolled HSLA steel has also been studied. Additionally, the press performance of auto-body sheets and austenitic stainless steels have been monitored and evaluated at customer’s end for complete information on the formability.     

汽车用烘烤硬化板 BH340 及深冲板 St 15 成形性能分析

进行了汽车用烘烤硬化钢板 BH340 及深冲钢板 St15 的力学性能、时效特性和烘烤硬化性能实验,并利用有限元方法模拟了 2 种钢板的成形极限和破裂点应变路径。 分析后指出, BH340 烘烤硬化效应较显著,时效效应不明显,对于汽车外覆盖件成形、涂漆烘烤工艺具有较好的适应性; St15 经形变强化后仍具有良好的塑性,适用于多道次成形工艺。 另外,2 种钢板均具有较为明显的面内异向性。     

Investigation of Surface Damage in Forming of High Strength and Galvanized Steel Sheets

Powdering/exfoliating of coatings and scratching are the main forms of surface damage in the forming of galvanized steels and high strength steels (HSS), which result in increased die maintenance cost and scrap rate.In this study, a special rectangular box was developed to investigate the behavior and characteristics of surface damage in sheet metal forming (SMF) processes.U-channel forming tests were conducted to study the effect of tool hardness on surface damage in the forming of high strength steels and galvanized steels (hot-dip galvanized and galvannealed steels).Experimental results indicate that sheet deformation mode influences the severity of surface damage in SMF and surface damage occurs easily at the regions where sheet specimen deforms under the action of compressive stress.Die corner is the position where surface damage initiates.For HSS sheet, surface damage is of major interest due to high forming pressure.The HSS and hot-dip galvanized steels show improved ability of damage-resistance with increased hardness of the forming tool.However, for galvannealed steel it is not the forming tool with the highest hardness value that performs best.     

U型钢板桩的冷弯性能

通过对钢板桩各弯弧位置进行力学检验,以及设计钢板桩锁口拉伸失效实验,并利用光学显微镜观察弯弧处的组织晶粒度变化,综合分析冷弯U型钢板桩的性能。结果认为生产冷弯钢板桩时,截面危险位置出现在内部,而非两端锁口最大弯弧角处;生产冷弯钢板桩时,每个弯弧外的表面晶粒沿宽度方向被拉长,弯弧的内表面晶粒沿厚度方向被挤压拉伸;钢板桩锁口的拉伸失稳过程出现两处明显失效,两种失效方式可用于不同用途的钢板桩冷弯性能检验。     

Einfluss von Temperatur und Vorverformung auf das plastische Werkstoffverhalten von modernen Karosseriestählen

Influence of temperature and prestraining on the plastic material behaviour of modern sheet steels for autobody applications Within the scope of a common research project of the automotive and steel industry, characteristic values describing the plastical behaviour of 20 sheet steels have been determined. In detail, quasistatic tensile tests at the testing temperatures ‐40 °C, 23 °C and 100 °C were carried out to obtain flow curves for the as delivered materials as well as for steels after a defined prestraining or heat treatment. Additionally, sheet metal testing led to forming limit diagrams and limiting drawing ratios including the working ranges for deep drawing. The results of the tensile tests showed significant differences between steel groups with regard to their strain hardening behaviour, which can be described by the ratio of yield and tensile strength R_p0,2/R_m or the Θ_IV‐value, and their temperature sensitivity. Within one steel group, consisting of steels with similar strain hardening behaviour, it might be possible to determine flow curves of one steel in a defined condition in order to calculate the flow curves of other steels with different strength. An advantage would be a lesser number of experimental tests which have to be performed in order to supply reliable input data for numerical material and component modelling.     

Fatigue properties of transformation-induced plasticity and dual-phase steels for auto-body lightweight: Experiment,modeling and application

The substitution of conventional high strength steels (HSS) with advanced high strength steels (AHSS), e.g., low-alloy multiphase transformation-induced plasticity steel (TRIP steel) or dual-phase steel (DP steel), for body lightweight brings about increased stress of notched components. Thus the fatigue properties of TRIP and DP steels and the fatigue life of notched lightweight design are important considerations for reasonable material selection during the design stage of auto-body. For the mentioned issue, cyclic strain-controlled fatigue properties of TRIP and DP steels with equivalent grade and lightweight result were investigated experimentally. Different cyclic behaviors of TRIP and DP steels were observed due to different interior microstructures. The cyclic stress behavior of TRIP steel is characterized by cyclic hardening followed by stable at lower strain amplitudes, and softening at higher strain amplitudes; however cyclic softening followed by stable occurs consistently for DP steel throughout entire strain amplitude range of test. TRIP steel possesses enhanced fatigue life and cyclic stress at the same strain amplitude than DP steel. Furthermore, local strain-life models of two steels were developed by linear regression of experimental data, to predict and compare the fatigue life of notched body structures made of them by finite element method. The simulation result illustrates that TRIP steel can provide more beneficial potential than DP steel for the lightweight design of notched body structures from the viewpoint of fatigue resistance.     

热镀锌钢板用冷轧板退火工艺的确定

采用盐浴退火方法分别对牌号为SSGrade40,SSGrade33和SSGrade50的热镀锌钢板的冷轧硬卷进行了不同工艺的退火处理,研究了退火工艺对三种热镀锌钢板用冷轧板显微组织和力学性能的影响,以确定三种冷轧板的再结晶温度及最佳退火温度范围。结果表明：SSGrade40冷轧板的再结晶温度在720℃左右,退火温度在720℃较佳;SSGrade33冷轧板的再结晶温度在680℃左右,考虑到力学性能的稳定性,退火温度选择在720℃左右较佳;SSGrade50冷轧板的再结晶温度在700℃以上,为了保证其强度富余量和性能稳定性,退火温度选择在780℃左右较佳。     

树脂复合减振钢板U型弯曲回弹实验与数值模拟研究

通过带法兰边的U型弯曲成形实验研究,考察了树脂复合减振钢板在不同压边力下的回弹特性.实验结果表明:压边力对树脂复合减振钢板回弹特性影响显著.较大的压边力有利于减小回弹缺陷.其次,考虑树脂层的粘弹性特性,采用非线性粘弹性模型来描述树脂层的力学变形行为,并采用Cohesive单元和固体壳单元分别对树脂层和表层钢板进行离散,进行了树脂复合减振钢板在不同压边力下的U型弯曲有限元数值模拟研究.和实验结果比较表明,所建立的有限元模型能够较好的模拟U型弯曲成形过程.最后,基于建立的有限元模型,考查了成形速度,树脂层厚度和表层钢板初始屈服应力对回弹的影响.参数分析结果表明:这三个参数对回弹角的影响显著.该研究对树脂复合减振钢板冲压工艺设计具有一定的指导意义.     

考虑冲压残余应力和厚度变化的车身结构模态分析与优化

车身零件冲压成形过程中产生的残余应力和厚度变化对其结构模态和固有频率具有重要的影响,而目前常用的有限元模态分析方法中,常常忽略了成形因素所带来的影响,导致分析结果与实际情况不相符。采用有限元网格映射算法,在车身结构模态分析中引入成形信息,并将成形残余应力作为预应力施加,研究成形因素对车身结构模态和固有频率的影响。研究结果表明,考虑成形比未考虑成形影响的模态分析结果更接近实验结果。最后,进行了基于成形因素的车身结构灵敏度分析与优化。     

基于支持向量机和重要度抽样的高强度钢板冲压成形工艺稳健设计

高强度钢板成形中噪声因素的存在造成了冲压质量不稳定.提出了基于支持向量机和重要度抽样的板料成形工艺稳健设计方法,量化了噪声因素对成形质量的影响,同时结合优化算法求解即满足质量可靠性又保证质量目标最优的工艺条件.对一高强度钢板冲压实例进行了工艺优化.按优化工艺冲压成形的零件减薄率及回弹均有所改善,验证了该方法的有效性.