INFLUENCE OF RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS ON THERMAL STABILITY OF PdSi_(16.5) GLASS

采用DSC系统地研究了稀土元素La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Dy,Ho,Er,Yb对PdSi_(16.5)非晶态合金热稳定性的影响。所有稀土元素明显地提高各项热稳定性参数,包括T_θ(T_g,T_x,T_p),T_(rg)和ΔE等,尤以重稀土元素的影响更显著,且结晶温度T_(P1)和T_(P2)随La系收缩直线增大。Eu显示出反常的影响:含Eu合金具有最高稳定性,而其形成非晶态的浓度范围却低于其它稀土元素。     

稀土元素在Al中固溶度亚稳扩展研究

采用锤—砧技术制备了厚0.04—0.06mm快速凝固Al—RE(RE=Y,La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Dy,Er,Yb)合金箔试样,冷却速度达10~6K/s,用点阵参数法测得上述稀土元素在Al中亚稳扩展固溶度分别为0.4,0.15,0.21,0.21,0.3,0.5,0.1,0.6,0.65,0.7,0.75和0.2at.—%测定了Al—轻稀土(包括Eu)系中第二相是Al_4RE;Al—重稀土(包括Y)系中第二相是Al_3RE,原子尺寸因素是控制RE在Al中固溶度亚稳扩展的主要因素。     

稀土元素对ZK60镁合金组织和性能影响的研究现状

简述了稀土元素在镁合金中的作用,重点介绍了Y、Ce、Er、Nd、Dy、Gd、Yb等稀土元素对ZK60镁合金的晶粒尺寸、第二相化合物、室温力学性能以及高温性能的影响,指出了在ZK60镁合金中添加稀土元素的研究存在的问题与不足,并对其发展方向进行了展望.     

微量稀土元素对1070纯铝电阻率的影响

采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜及电阻测量仪研究了稀土元素Ce、La和混合稀土对工业纯铝组织和电阻率的影响。结果证明:稀土元素能明显细化工业纯铝的晶粒尺寸,并且可改善工业纯铝的导电性。在稀土元素添加量小于0.30%时,稀土La、Ce能够最大程度降低1070纯铝的电阻率。添加0.3 wt%的稀土Ce,1070纯铝的电阻率可降低至2.813×10~(-8)Ω·m~(-1)。添加0.2 wt%的稀土La,1070纯铝的电阻率可降低至2.811×10~(-8)Ω·m~(-1)。     

微量稀土元素对1070纯铝电阻率的影响

采用X射线衍射分析、扫描电镜(SEM)、金相显微镜及电阻测量仪研究了稀土元素Ce、La和混合稀土对工业纯铝组织和电阻率的影响。结果证明:稀土元素能明显细化工业纯铝的晶粒尺寸,并且可改善工业纯铝的导电性。在稀土元素添加量小于0.30%时,稀土La、Ce能够最大程度降低1070纯铝的电阻率。添加0.3 wt%的稀土Ce,1070纯铝的电阻率可降低至2.813×10~(-8)Ω·m~(-1)。添加0.2 wt%的稀土La,1070纯铝的电阻率可降低至2.811×10~(-8)Ω·m~(-1)。     

白光LED用新型Eu或Gd共掺杂的Ce:YAG单晶荧光材料的光谱性能研究

开展了白光LED用新型YAG单晶荧光材料的制备和光谱性能研究,采用提拉法生长Eu,Ce:YAG及Gd,Ce:YAG晶体,并通过吸收光谱,激发、发射光谱及电光性能等对晶体材料的光谱特性进行表征。结果表明,Eu或Gd共掺杂的Ce:YAG单晶荧光材料均可以被波长460nm左右的蓝光芯片有效激发,产生一个范围为480～650nm的宽峰发射。Eu3+或Gd3+共掺杂会对Ce3+离子的发光产生影响:Eu3+离子的掺杂,会对Ce3+离子的发光产生淬灭效应;而Gd3+离子取代基质Y3+离子可以使Ce3+离子的发射峰发生红移。     

Pd-W电阻合金材料的研究进展

钯钨合金具有高的电阻率、低的电阻温度系数和对铜热电势、稳定的接触电阻,以及良好的耐磨性和抗腐蚀性,常用作精密电位计和电位器的绕线电阻丝,广泛应用于航天、航海、以及军事方面,但国内外关于钯钨合金的研究报道却较少。本文介绍了Pd-W系合金的相图,并总结其性能、制备、研究现状及合金熔炼可能的改进方法。     

AgI掺杂量对n型Bi2Te2.85Se0.15材料热电性能的影响

采用机械合金化(MA)结合热压烧结(HP)技术制备了n型Bi2 Te2.85Se0.15热电材料,在常温下测量了电阻率(ρ)、塞贝克系数(α)和热导率(κ)等热电性能参数,考察了掺杂剂AgI的含量(质量百分比分别为0,0.1,0.2,0.3和0.4％)对材料热电性能的影响.结果表明:试样的电阻率和塞贝克系数的绝对值均随AgI掺杂量的提高而增大,热导率则随AgI掺杂量的提高而大幅降低,在AgI掺杂量为0.2％(质量)时有最大热电优值,为2.0×10-3/K.     

稀土元素对Al-Si共晶合金的变质作用

用稀士熔盐电解法及熔盐直接反应法对Al-Si液态共晶合金分别定量添加了La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Ho,Er和Y共十一个单一稀土以及一个混合稀土的变质剂。通过显微结构分析系统地研究了在70—80℃/min冷却速度下合金的变质效果。发现Eu,(Yb)具有最强的变质能力,La次之,并发现其均为“长效”变质剂.Ce,Pr,Nb及混合稀土的变质能力稍低于La。稀土元素的变质能力随原子半径的减小而迅速降低.Sm以下已减弱至微不足道的程度。Eu和(Yb)的变质能力主要是与其原子半径的突跃增大有关。Er,Y不具变质能力。根据Eu和Ac原子半径的接近以及Y-La-Ac的同族规律,推测Ac将具有还要大的变质效果。据此总结了强变质剂Na,Sr,Ac在元素周期表中的斜线位置,认为变质剂元素的变质能力主要取决于其价电荷数,原子半径和原子序数的一定组合。     

THE MODIFICATION OF Al-Si EUTECTIC ALLOYS WITH RARE-EARTH ELEMENTS

用稀士熔盐电解法及熔盐直接反应法对Al-Si液态共晶合金分别定量添加了La,Ce,Pr,Nd,Sm,Eu,Gd,Tb,Ho,Er和Y共十一个单一稀土以及一个混合稀土的变质剂。通过显微结构分析系统地研究了在70—80℃/min冷却速度下合金的变质效果。发现Eu,(Yb)具有最强的变质能力,La次之,并发现其均为“长效”变质剂.Ce,Pr,Nb及混合稀土的变质能力稍低于La。稀土元素的变质能力随原子半径的减小而迅速降低.Sm以下已减弱至微不足道的程度。Eu和(Yb)的变质能力主要是与其原子半径的突跃增大有关。Er,Y不具变质能力。根据Eu和Ac原子半径的接近以及Y-La-Ac的同族规律,推测Ac将具有还要大的变质效果。据此总结了强变质剂Na,Sr,Ac在元素周期表中的斜线位置,认为变质剂元素的变质能力主要取决于其价电荷数,原子半径和原子序数的一定组合。     

可加工变形的Au-Cu-Zn-Al形状记忆合金

报道了一种新的金基形状记忆合金(Au-Cu-Zn-Al)的初步研究,结果表明,成分配比合适的合金可以用常规的方法加工变形,有典型的热弹性马氏体相变及良好的单程和双程形状记忆效应。合金的金含量可达50wt％。     

高温形状记忆合金

马氏体逆相变开始温度As点稳定在120℃以上的形状记忆合金称之为高温形状记忆合金,有多种合金系可供选择。本文综述了现有的各种高温形状记忆合金系的研究现状。     

高强度金银钯铂铜合金的性能与应用研究

介绍了金银钯铂铜合金系列的成分、组织、性能及其应用研究。其综合性能优于国内外同类材料,等体积材料的成本低于同类材料的40～80％。该系列合金适用于航空、航天和航海技术中的各类线绕传感器、电位器,电阻器的绕组和电刷以及电接触器的接点、导电环和电刷。     

Compressive training of the shape memory alloy washer

This paper evaluates the performance and engineering aspects of 44Ti-47Ni-9Nb alloy in a pretensioning washer application. Previously the behavior of this alloy has mainly been studied for tensile predeformation with wires and strips up to 1 mm thickness. The present work investigated the effect of compression deformation and different homogenization temperatures on ring-shaped washers with larger dimensions. The best results with the compression-trained washer were achieved after homogenization at 1073 K where the compression training deformation was -10.4%, the lowest applied. The deformation training was carried out at 213 K near the martensitic reaction start temperature of the material. The expansion method, applied to the commercial reference ring, seemed to be a fairly efficient training method for the studied application, even though the parallel course of the radial surfaces was poor.     

Stability of protective oxide films on Ti-base alloys

Thermodynamic calculations are performed to estimate isothermal sections of Ti-Al-O, Ti-Si-O, and Ni-Al-O phase diagrams. Very small aluminum levels (<10^–10 at. %) are needed to stabilize alumina on Ni-Al alloys. However, much higher aluminum (50%) and silicon (40%) levels are needed to stabilize alumina and silica on Ti-Al and Ti-Si alloys, respectively. These calculations suggest that the mechanism of formation of the protective oxide films on titanium-based alloys is radically different from that on nickel-based alloys. The aluminum levels needed to form a continuous film of alumina on nickel-based alloys are dominated by kinetic factors. On the other hand, thermodynamic factors appear to dominate the alloy compositions needed to form protective films of alumina and silica on titanium-based alloys. Further work is needed to evaluate any possible role of kinetic factors.     

Further aspects of the oxidation of binary two-phase alloys

The corrosion behavior of binary, two-phase alloys is considered in which the matrix contains mostly the less-noble metal that forms a fast-growing oxide, while the second phase is rich in a component that forms a more stable but slowly-growing oxide. It is assumed that the second phase exists as a dispersion of isolated, rod-like particles. It is further assumed that both phases form external films with no internal oxidation. It is shown that the oxidation behavior of this type of alloy depends on both the oxidation time and the size of the second-phase particles. In particular, for short oxidation times and large second-phase particles the matrix will oxidize faster than the dispersed phase, so that the dispersed particles will be only partly corroded or even incorporated into the matrix-oxide scale as unoxidized islands, forming an irregular alloy-scale interface. On the contrary, for long times and small particle sizes the two phases will tend to oxidize at approximately the same rate, leading to the formation of regular alloy-scale interfaces. The time for the transition between the two corrosion regimes depends not only on the ratio between the rate constants for the growth of the two oxides but also on the size of the dispersed-phase particles, smaller sizes producing shorter transition times. Eventually, under favorable conditions the formation of the fast-growing oxide may even stop, leading to the formation of a protective layer of the most-stable oxide.     

Corrosion of iron-, nickel-, and cobalt-base alloys in atmospheres containing carbon and oxygen

The corrosion of iron-, nickel-, and cobalt-base alloys has been studied in atmospheres containing carbon and oxygen in the temperature range 894–1366 K. It was observed that preformed Cr₂O₃ films are not effective barriers to carbon transport in atmospheres in which the oxide is not stable but that stable, growing Cr₂O₃ films are excellent barriers to carbon penetration. The presence of Fe-containing oxides on Fe-Ni-Cr and Fe-Cr alloys cause the scales to be permeable to carbon. This phenomenon was found to be sensitive to alloy surface preparation. Carbon transport through oxide scales may occur by two mechanisms: diffusion or molecular transport through physical defects. The present work has evidence of the latter but cannot rule out the former in cases where the carbon activity is sufficiently large. In gases containing CO and CO₂ in which Cr carbide is stable Cr₂O₃ was found to form at the carbide-alloy interface by oxygen transport through the carbide. In A-CH₄ Fe-Ni-Cr were found to undergo graphitization attack. The results were consistent with the formation and subsequent decomposition of metastable carbides, as proposed by Hochmann.     

钛加工技术—接合篇8

本文简要地介绍了TiAl有序合金的发展历史,较为系统地概述了国内外在制备TiAl合金、克服其室温脆性及难加工成形性方面所开展的研究工作以及TiAl有序合金研究今后的发展趋势。     

铸造Al-Si系铝合金强韧化研究进展

综述了合金元素、过滤技术、晶粒细化、变质处理和热处理工艺因素对铸造Al-Si合金的影响。探讨了提高这类合金机械性能的一些途径。     

Pt—Rh合金的高温挥发

研究了Pt-7Rh和Pt-Rh-Au合金的高温挥发行为.在1200～1350℃合金按抛物线-直线规律失重,且在高温下抛物线-直线失重规律的转换时间变快.在Pt-Rh合金中增加Rh含量和添加Au增大挥发率.Pt-7Rh-3Au合金的挥发激活能为167kJ/mol;Au降低Pt和Pt-7Rh合金的发挥激活能.还讨论了挥发过程的物理机制.