PUA／PVC复合乳液树脂的制备及表征

采用甲苯二异氰酸酯（TDI）、聚醚（PPG）和二羟甲基丙酸（DMPA）合成了自乳化阴离子水性聚氨酯（PU），以此为种子制备了聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯（PUA）复合乳液，接着在高压釜中进行氯乙烯原位接枝共聚，制备了聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯／聚氯乙烯（PUA／PVC）复合乳液树脂。采用激光粒度分析仪、透射电镜、动态热力学分析仪对复合材料的形态及动态力学性能进行了研究。结果表明：PUA／PVC复合胶乳粒子具有多核壳“海岛型”复合结构，经原位改性的PVC复合材料中的PUA橡胶相具有高度均匀的分散性。     

LDA/APP对聚醚聚氨酯弹性体性能影响研究

以聚氧化丙烯二醇和甲苯二异氰酸酯、一缩二乙二醇等为主要基体材原料，以联二脲(LDA)、聚磷酸铵(APP)作为阻燃剂，制作了聚醚聚氨酯弹性体。研究了LDA／APP质量比对弹性体力学性能和阻燃性能的影响。测试了配方的力学性能，可见光的透过率，燃烧性能。结果表明，LDA与聚醚聚氨酯弹性体的相容性比较好，可以大幅度提高其力学性能，APP的相容性则相对比较差。两者都可以提高材料的阻燃消烟性能，当LDA／APP以30.0／30.0比例混合时，可以获得较佳的阻燃消烟效果。     

聚氨酯／聚烯烃互穿网络粘合剂的研究

制备了聚酯聚氨酯／聚丙烯酸酯及其它乙基单体聚合物热塑性互穿网络弹性体，将其溶解于溶剂中形成聚氨酯／聚烯烃粘合剂。考察了乙烯基单体的种类、用量、聚酯分子量、热活化时间等对粘合剂粘合性能的影响，同时测定了互穿网络弹性体的形态结构。     

黏合剂对聚酯复合土工布性能的影响

选取聚氨酯、氯丁橡胶以及聚丙烯酸酯乳液等3种黏合剂,采用喷洒黏合剂的化学黏合方法制备了3种聚酯针刺-机织复合土工布,并测试了其力学性能。由测试结果可知:3种复合土工布的面密度和厚度相差不大,氯丁橡胶复合土工布的透水性能明显优于聚丙烯酸酯复合土工布和聚氨酯复合土工布,而聚氨酯复合土工布的力学性能则明显优于氯丁橡胶和丙烯酸酯复合土工布。     

LDA／APP对聚醚聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

以聚氧化丙烯二醇（N220）、甲苯二异氰酸酯、一缩二乙二醇等为主要原料，以联二脲（LDA）、聚磷酸铵（APP）作为阻燃剂，研制了聚醚聚氨酯弹性体。研究了LDA／APP含量对弹性体的物理力学性能和阻燃性能的影响结果表明，LDA与聚醚聚酯弹性体的相容性较好，可以大幅度提高其物理力学性能，APP的相容性则相对比较差。两者都可以提高材料的阻燃消烟性能，当LDA／APP以及30／30比例混合时，可以获得较佳的阻燃消烟效果。     

含液晶基元聚氨酯对普通聚氨酯性能的影响

合成了一类既含有刚性液晶基元又含有柔性链段的主链型含液晶基元聚氨酯(LCPU)，以端羟基四氢呋喃-环氧乙烷共聚醚为基体材料，多异氰酸酯N-100为固化剂，探讨这类含液晶基元聚氨酯对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响。结果表明，5种含液晶基元聚氨酯随着柔性链段长度的变化和在聚氨酯弹性体中加入比例的变化。表现出对聚氨酯弹性体力学性能的影响有较大的差异。与未改性聚氨酯弹性体相比，改性后聚氨酯弹性体共混物垃伸强座量大提高71％倍．断裂伸长率最大提高8．7倍．     

阻燃剂DMMP对聚氨酯弹性体性能的影响

研究了甲基膦酸二甲酯(DMMP)的不同用量对聚氨酯弹性体阻燃性能和力学性能的影响。结果表明，随着DMMP用量的增大，聚氨酯弹性体的阻燃性能提高，伸长率增加，而力学性能下降，当DMMP的质量分数为3％左右时，聚氨酯弹性体力学性能变化不大；而聚酯型聚氨酯弹性体氧指数可达28，聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体也达到27以上，可满足聚氨酯弹性体材料的阻燃要求。     

端羟基聚丁二烯／聚醚型聚氨酯弹性体的合成与性能

将端羟基聚丁二烯(HTPB)、聚四氢呋喃(PTMG)、二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯和1,4-丁二醇反应制备了聚氨酯弹性体。研究了多元醇质量比、制备方法对弹性体力学性能的影响。实验数据表明,各种方法制备出的聚氨酯弹性体的拉伸和撕裂性能均随HTPB／PTMG质量比增高直线下降。随HTPB／PTMG质量比加大,预聚体法制备的聚氨酯弹性体的力学性能的下降幅度小于改进的一步法,改进的一步法小于原一步法。动态力学性能测试研究表明,HTPB／PTMG质量比的提高使聚氨酯弹性体动态内生热依次降低,微相分离程度减弱。     

高性能透明聚氨酯弹性体的合成研究

以聚氧四亚甲基二醇，异佛尔酮二异氰酸酯，1，4-丁二醇和不同的催化剂合成了透明聚氨酯弹性体，研究了合成方法，催化剂种类，异氰酸酯指数R，固化时间以及固化温度对该弹性体的力学性能，光学透明性，反应程度和热稳定性的影响。结果表明；软段摩尔质量及硬段扩链剂的改变对体系的摩尔质量影响较小，使使力学性能有较大变化。采用复合催化剂，一步法制备的聚氨酯弹性体具有较好的综合力学性能，优良的热稳定性；与基体树脂聚碳酸酯的粘接性好，复合材料的光学透明性优良；助催化剂K的使用可提高聚氨酯弹性体的耐热性和光学透明性。     

聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子对聚甲醛结构和性能的影响

分别采用聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子和TiO2粒子对聚甲醛（POM）进行改性，通过偏光显微镜、扫描电子显微镜、广角X射线衍射仪、差示扫描量热分析法和力学性能测试，考察了这两种粒子对POM的结晶行为、力学性能和抗紫外光能力的影响。结果表明：与TiO2粒子相比，聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子使POM球晶变得更小，结晶度更低；聚丙烯酸酯／TiO2复合粒子与POM的相容性更好，进而有效提高POM的力学性能和抗紫外光能力。     

Insect antifeedant properties of anthranoids from the genusVismia

Vismiones and ferruginins, representatives of a new class of lypophilic anthranoids from the genusVismia were found to inhibit feeding in larvae of species ofSpodoptera, Heliothis, and inLocusta migratoria.     

Direct observation of freeze-thaw instability of latex coatings via high pressure freezing and cryogenic SEM

Despite its industrial importance, the subject of freeze-thaw (F/T) stability of latex coatings has not been studied extensively. There is also a lack of fundamental understanding about the process and the mechanisms through which a coating becomes destabilized. High pressure (2100 bar) freezing fixes the state of water-suspended particles of polymer binder and inorganic pigments without the growth of ice crystals during freezing that produce artifacts in direct imaging scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of fracture surfaces of frozen coatings. We show that by incorporating copolymerizable functional monomers, it is possible to achieve F/T stability in polymer latexes and in low-VOC paints, as judged by the microstructures revealed by the cryogenic SEM technique. Particle coalescence as well as pigment segregation in F/T unstable systems are visualized. In order to achieve F/T stability in paints, latex particles must not flocculate and should provide protection to inorganic pigment and extender particles. Because of the unique capabilities of the cryogenic SEM, we are able to separate the effects of freezing and thawing, and study the influence of the rate of freezing and thawing on F/T stability. Destabilization can be caused by either freezing or thawing. A slow freezing process is more detrimental to F/T stability than a fast freezing process; the latter actually preserves suspension stability during freezing. Presented at the 82nd Annual Meeting of the Federation of Societies for Coatings Technology, October 27–29, 2004 in Chicago, IL. Tied for first place in The John A. Gordon Best Paper Competition.     

Ethanol and (−)-α-Pinene: Attractant Kairomones for Bark and Ambrosia Beetles in the Southeastern US

In 2002–2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (−)-α-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, and South Carolina. Funnel traps baited with ethanol lures (release rate, about 0.6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to ten species of ambrosia beetles (Ambrosiodmus tachygraphus, Anisandrus sayi, Dryoxylon onoharaensum, Monarthrum mali, Xyleborinus saxesenii, Xyleborus affinis, Xyleborus ferrugineus, Xylosandrus compactus, Xylosandrus crassiusculus, and Xylosandrus germanus) and two species of bark beetles (Cryptocarenus heveae and Hypothenemus sp.). Traps baited with (−)-α-pinene lures (release rate, 2–6 g/day at 25–28°C) were attractive to five bark beetle species (Dendroctonus terebrans, Hylastes porculus, Hylastes salebrosus, Hylastes tenuis, and Ips grandicollis) and one platypodid ambrosia beetle species (Myoplatypus flavicornis). Ethanol enhanced responses of some species (Xyleborus pubescens, H. porculus, H. salebrosus, H. tenuis, and Pityophthorus cariniceps) to traps baited with (−)-α-pinene in some locations. (−)-α-Pinene interrupted the response of some ambrosia beetle species to traps baited with ethanol, but only the response of D. onoharaensum was interrupted consistently at most locations. Of 23 species of ambrosia beetles captured in our field trials, nine were exotic and accounted for 70–97% of total catches of ambrosia beetles. Our results provide support for the continued use of separate traps baited with ethanol alone and ethanol with (−)-α-pinene to detect and monitor common bark and ambrosia beetles from the southeastern region of the US.     

Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates Attract Stink Bugs and Tachinid Parasitoids

Halyomorpha halys (Stål) (Pentatomidae), called the brown marmorated stink bug (BMSB), is a newly invasive species in the eastern USA that is rapidly spreading from the original point of establishment in Allentown, PA. In its native range, the BMSB is reportedly attracted to methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate, the male-produced pheromone of another pentatomid common in eastern Asia, Plautia stali Scott. In North America, Thyanta spp. are the only pentatomids known to produce methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate [the (E,Z,Z)-isomer] as part of their pheromones. Methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates were field-tested in Maryland to monitor the spread of the BMSB and to explore the possibility that Thyanta spp. are an alternate host for parasitic tachinid flies that use stink bug pheromones as host-finding kairomones. Here we report the first captures of adult and nymph BMSBs in traps baited with methyl (E,E,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate in central Maryland and present data verifying that the tachinid, Euclytia flava (Townsend), exploits methyl (E,Z,Z)-2,4,6-decatrienoate as a kairomone. We also report the unexpected finding that various isomers of methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoate attract Acrosternum hilare (Say), although this bug apparently does not produce methyl decatrienoates. Other stink bugs and tachinids native to North America were also attracted to methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates. These data indicate there are Heteroptera in North America in addition to Thyanta spp. that probably use methyl 2,4,6-decatrienoates as pheromones. The evidence that some pentatomids exploit the pheromones of other true bugs as kairomones to find food or to congregate as a passive defense against tachinid parasitism is discussed.     

2007～2008年世界塑料工业进展

收集了2007年7月～2008年6月世界塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2007～2008年国外塑料工业的发展情况,提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂的需求量及产能情况.按通用热塑性树脂(聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂)、工程塑料(尼龙、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚)、特种工程塑料(聚苯·硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮)、通用热固性树脂(酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和聚酯树脂、环氧树脂)不同品种的顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品应用开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的进一步扩展等技术作了详细介绍.     

2005～2006年国外塑料工业进展

收集了2005年7月～2006年6月国外塑料工业的相关资料,介绍了2005—2006年国外塑料工业的发展情况。提供了世界塑料产量、消费量及全球各类树脂生产量以及各国塑料制品的进出口情况。作为对比,介绍了中国塑料的生产情况。按通用热塑性树脂（聚乙烯、聚丙烯、聚苯乙烯、聚氯乙烯、ABS树脂）、工程塑料（聚酰胺、聚碳酸酯、聚甲醛、热塑性聚酯、聚苯醚）、通用热固性树脂（酚醛、聚氨酯、不饱和树脂、环氧树脂）、特种工程塑料（聚苯硫醚、液晶聚合物、聚醚醚酮）的品种顺序,对树脂的产量、消费量、供需状况及合成工艺、产品开发、树脂品种的延伸及应用的扩展作了详细的介绍。